Aim
Left‐behind children (LBC) now account for more than 1 in 5 Chinese children, and they often suffer from behavioural problems when their parents leave their rural homes to seek work in urban ...areas. The primary aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare the incidence rates and factor scores of behavioural problems in LBC, who now account for more than one‐fifth of Chinese children, and non‐LBC.
Methods
This systematic review and meta‐analysis explored the children's characteristic behavioural problems using the Achenbach Child Behaviour Check List. A subgroup analysis was conducted to compare the different behavioural problems of LBC with different characteristics. The meta‐analysis assessed 1405 papers and analysed 13 papers from 2007 to 2015, covering 10 264 LBC and 8909 non‐LBC from 2 to 19 years of age.
Results
The incidence rates of behavioural problems were higher in LBC than non‐LBC. The highest risks were noted in boys aged between 6 and 11 years of age, who were more likely to be withdrawn and be affected by somatic complaints, schizophreniform disorder, compulsive behaviour and depression.
Conclusion
Interventions and policies are urgently needed to tackle behavioural issues among LBC, especially high‐risk males aged 6–11 years.
Diatoms are a very diverse group of microalgae that encompass about 100 000 taxa. This makes an excellent bioindicator especially of rivers. The majority of biotic indices based on diatoms are ...constructed on species pollution-sensitivities. Nevertheless, recent studies showed the interest to use complementary metrics for biomonitoring: life-forms, cell-sizes and ecological guilds. Unfortunately, taxa memberships to such metrics are scattered in numerous floras and papers. Therefore, studies using such metrics often referred to grey literature or home-made checklists. The objective of this paper is to make available to the scientific community an important check-list of taxa frequently observed in European rivers with their memberships to these metrics. After defining these metrics, 1115 taxa were codified using Biofresh and Omnidia codes in an Excel file. Metrics memberships were then explored in a taxonomical framework. It clearly appears that metrics memberships are determined by taxonomy. Life-forms and cell sizes taxa memberships and their study in the framework of evolutionary history of diatoms is a field that is worth studying for a better understanding of diatoms ecology. Such inputs should be beneficial for the future improvement of diatom-based monitoring tools.
Les diatomées sont un groupe très diversifié de microalgues, qui comprend plus de 100 000 taxons. Cela en fait un excellent bioindicateur, en particulier des rivières. La majorité des indices biotiques basés sur les diatomées sont construits sur les polluo-sensibilités des espèces. Néanmoins, des études récentes ont montré l’intérêt d’utiliser des métriques complémentaires pour la bioindication : les formes de vie, les tailles de cellules et les guildes écologiques. Malheureusement, l’appartenance des taxons à ces différentes métriques est souvent dispersée dans de nombreux articles et ouvrages. De plus, les études utilisant de telles métriques font souvent référence à de la littérature grise et des listes non publiées. L’objectif de cet article est de rendre disponible à la communauté scientifique une importante liste de taxons fréquemment observés dans les rivières européennes avec leur appartenance à ces différentes métriques. Après avoir défini ces métriques, 1115 taxons ont été codifiés en utilisant les codes Biofresh et Omnidia dans un fichier Excel. L’appartenance aux métriques a été explorée dans un cadre taxonomique. Il apparaît clairement que l’appartenance des taxons aux métriques est déterminée par la taxonomie. L’appartenance aux formes de vie et aux tailles de cellules et leur étude dans le cadre de l’histoire de l’évolution des diatomées est un champ qui est utile à étudier pour une meilleure compréhension de l’écologie des diatomées. De tels apports devraient être bénéfiques pour l’amélioration future des outils de bioindication basés sur les diatomées.
A total of 381 specimens belonging to 17 earthworm species were collected with 152 pitfall traps in 26 sampling sites during a study of the biodiversity of the Sarnena Sredna Gora Mts. Together with ...the previous available data this constitutes 42% (21 species) of the lumbricid fauna of Bulgaria. Ten species represent new records for the explored territory. The data on the biotopic distribution and relative abundance of the identified earthworm species were provided for the first time and give valuable information on the species composition of the lumbricids, their specific preferences for environmental conditions, and the conservation value of the studiеd habitats. The material was collected by a non-traditional method – pitfall traps, a method not applied before for the target group. A comparative analysis of the established earthworms of Sarnena Gora with those from the neighboring regions was done. It showed the importance of the geographical location, relief, climate, soil type and human factor in the formation of the lumbricid fauna.
The state of Michigan occupies an area between the Great Plains and the northeastern United States, bordering four Great Lakes, with diverse biogeographical regions. Michigan also has the second most ...diverse agriculture in the country, with many crops that depend on bees for pollination. This unique combination provides a wide range of opportunities for bees to persist, yet there is no current published checklist of these important insects. This study was conducted to provide the first annotated checklist of the bee (Apoidea: Anthophila) fauna of Michigan, summarizing aspects of their taxonomy and behavior and to provide provisional conservation assessment. The list was compiled from a critical review of published literature, museum specimens, and database records, supplemented by new collections. In total, 465 species are included in the checklist, including 38 new records, however evidence for 13 species is poor, several more species require taxonomic revision, and the presence of additional species is expected. The exotic megachilid species Megachile apicalis Spinola, M. pusilla Pérez (=concinna Smith, auct.) and Osmia taurus Smith are reported from Michigan for the first time. New state records of native species include Anthidium tenuiflorae Cockerell and Nomada alpha alpha Cockerell, both previously undocumented from eastern North America, and Nomada sphaerogaster Cockerell, which has rarely been recognized. The taxonomy of some bee species is clarified by the formal publication of 11 new synonymies (some previously reported online or in manuscripts). The following list cites junior synonyms first followed by the valid name: Andrena chippewaensis Mitchell 1960 = A. (Simandrena) wheeleri Graenicher 1904; Osmia hendersoni Cockerell 1907 = O. (Melanosmia) tarsata Provancher 1888; Osmia michiganensis Mitchell 1962 = O. (M.) subarctica Cockerell 1912 (new status, removed from synonymy with O. (M.) tersula Cockerell 1912); Sphecodes persimilis Lovell and Cockerell 1907 = S. davisii Robertson 1897; Sphecodes knetschi Cockerell 1898 = S. dichrous Smith 1853; Sphecodes carolinus Mitchell 1956 = S. coronus Mitchell 1956; Sphecodes stygius Robertson 1893 = S. mandibularis Cresson 1872; Sphecodes prostygius Mitchell 1960 = S. fattigi Mitchell 1956; Stelis vernalis Mitchell 1962 = S. coarctatus Crawford 1916; and Stelis michiganensis Mitchell 1962 = S. foederalis Smith 1854. Poorly known Andrena (Cnemidandrena) are discussed, including A. parnassiae Cockerell, a new state record, A. robervalensis Mitchell, and the extralimital A. runcinatae Cockerell. Of these, only A. robervalensis was considered in the subgeneric revision, but we recognize all three as valid species pending further study. Nomada binotata (Robertson 1903) and N. quadrimaculata (Robertson 1903) are removed from synonymy with N. ovata (Robertson 1903), based on examination of the lectotypes. A new species, Triepeolus eliseae Rightmyer, the eastern representative of the verbesinae species group, is described. A putative undescribed species, Osmia aff. trevoris, is documented, but requires additional study for its status to be fully resolved. A rich bee fauna is documented that includes geographically-restricted species, rare and regionally-declining species, and economically-important species, providing information for ongoing conservation planning and future analysis of trends in bee populations.
The faunistic review of Tenebrionidae (excluding Alleculinae) from Armenia is presented. The work is based on longterm collections of one of the authors and materials from museum collections, ...deposited in Yerevan (the most of material), St Petersburg and Budapest. In total, 123 species of Tenebrionidae, excluding Alleculinae are reliably known from Armenia and confirmed by material. The checklist contains data on specimens (number of specimens and geographic labels) deposited in the museums. Sometimes we refer to reliable sources with the indicated material. Thus, all data have been verified, and the habitat of each species has been confirmed by collection material. The following seven species are recorded from Armenia for the first time: Hedyphanes laticollis Fischer von Waldheim in Ménétriés, 1832 (the first confirmed record), Palorus orientalis Fleischer, 1900, Tenebrio angustus Zoufal, 1892, Pentaphyllus testaceus (Hellwig, 1792), Corticeus longulus (Gyllenhal, 1827), C. suberis (Lucas, 1846), Myrmechixenus picinus (Aubé, 1850). Four latter species are also new for Transcaucasia. The following four species are recorded for Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan) for the first time: Aspidocephalus desertus Motschulsky, 1839, Gonocephalum setulosum (Faldermann, 1837), Palorus ratzeburgii (Wissmann, 1848), Cnemeplatia atropos A. Costa, 1847. The following 14 species are excluded from the faunistic list of Armenia because they are not confirmed by collection material: Cnemeplatia atropos, Philhammus cribratellus Reitter, 1901, Lachnogya squamosa Ménétriés, 1848, Leptodes lederi Reitter, 1889, Sternoplax armeniaca (Faldermann, 1837), Lagria atripes Mulsant et Guillebeau, 1855, Blaps scabriuscula scabriuscula Ménétriés, 1832, Neopachypterus serrulatus (Reitter, 1904), Opatrum verrucosum Germar, 1817, Penthicus pinguis pinguis Faldermann, 1836, Sclerum carinatum Baudi di Selve, 1875, Leichenum canaliculatum canaliculatum (Fabricius, 1798), Helops caeruleus stevenii Krynicki, 1834, Uloma culinaris (Linnaeus, 1758). In addition, we presented corrections (we excluded 15 species as a result of synonymy or incorrect distribution data) to the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, which were made in previous works (before the date of publication in 2020) but omitted in this catalogue. A new synonymy is proposed: Cyphostethe semenovi Bogatchev, 1947 = Cyphostethe jelineki Merkl, 1991, syn. n. The species Pimelia persica Faldermann, 1837 is transferred from the nominotypical subgenus to the subgenus Chaetotoma Motschulsky, 1860. Two species, Tenebrio angustus and Palorus orientalis, are synantropic invaders in Armenia.
In medical laboratories, the appropriateness challenge directly revolves around the laboratory test and its proper selection, data analysis, and result reporting. However, laboratories have also a ...role in the appropriate management of those phases of total testing process (TTP) that traditionally are not under their direct control. So that, the laboratory obligation to act along the entire TTP is now widely accepted in order to achieve better care management. Because of the large number of variables involved in the overall TTP structure, it is difficult to monitor appropriateness in real time. However, it is possible to retrospectively reconstruct the body of the clinical process involved in the management of a specific laboratory test to track key passages that may be defective or incomplete in terms of appropriateness. Here we proposed an appropriateness check-list scheme along the TTP chain to be potentially applied to any laboratory test. This scheme consists of a series of questions that healthcare professionals should answer to achieve laboratory test appropriateness. In the system, even a single lacking answer may compromise the integrity of all appropriateness evaluation process as the inability to answer may involve a significant deviation from the optimal trajectory, which compromise the test appropriateness and the quality of subsequent steps. Using two examples of the check-list application, we showed that the proposed instrument may offer an objective help to avoid inappropriate use of laboratory tests in an integrated way involving both laboratory professionals and user clinicians.
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