In 2008 the efficacy of three environmentally friendly substances against apple aphid (Aphis pomi) was tested. The selected substances were cinnamic acid and two plant extracts, namely glicolic ...extract of comfrey (Symphytum officinale) and fluid extract of marigold (Calendula officinalis). All of the substances were tested at 0.5, 1 and 5% concentrations. The individuals of apple aphids were collected in the organic orchard of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana; 10 aphids were then transferred to an apple tree leaf, which was previously sprinkled with water, treated with selected substance and put in a Petri dish. The efficacy was assessed at 15, 20 and 25 °C with relative humidity being 75%. The mean corrected mortality rate was determined on the first, second and third day after treatment. In general all of the tested substances showed aphicidal properties, and the highest mean corrected mortality rates were determined on the third day at 25 °C. Only marigold extract exceeded a 50% aphicidal efficacy at 15 °C and at 5% concentration of the suspension used, while other treatments showed aphicidal efficacy between 4±4% (cinnamic acid, 15 °C, 0.5%) and 39%±12% (cinnamic acid, 25 °C, 1%). In general, the best mean efficacy (mean corrected mortality rate (15%±2)% of the substances tested was found at highest concentration.
V letu 2008 smo preučevali delovanje treh okoljsko sprejemljivih snovi za zatiranje zelene jablanove uši (Aphis pomi). Izbrane snovi so bile cimetna kislina, glikolni izvleček navadnega gabeza (Symphytum officinale) in tekoči izvleček vrtnega ognjiča (Calendula officinalis). Snovi smo preizkušali pri 0,5 %, 1 % in 5 % koncentraciji. Odrasle osebke zelene jablanove uši smo nabrali v ekološkem sadovnjaku Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani. Po 10 uši smo prenesli na liste jablan, ki so bili predhodno poškropljeni z vodo, jih tretirali z izbrano snovjo in jih položili v petrijevke. Učinkovitost smo ugotavljali pri treh temperaturah (15, 20 in 25 °C) in relativni zračni vlagi 75 %. Smrtnost osebkov smo ugotavljali prvi, drugi in tretji dan po aplikaciji snovi. Vse snovi so pokazale aficidno delovanje, največje vrednosti povprečne korigirane smrtnosti smo določili tretji dan poskusa pri 25 °C. Le pri 5 % koncentraciji izvlečka vrtnega ognjiča smo pri 15 °C presegli 50 % stopnjo smrtnosti preučevanih žuželk, medtem ko je bila ta vrednost pri ostalih obravnavanjih od 4 ± 4 % (cimetna kislina, 15 °C, 5 %) in 39 ± 12 % (cimetna kislina, 25 °C, 1 %). V poskusu je bila učinkovitost delovanja preučevanih substanc najboljša pri najvišji koncentraciji (5 %) - povprečna korigirana smrtnost (15 ± 2) %.
V prispevku navajamo pregled literature o vsebnosti, kemični sestavi in strukturi derivatov cimetne kisline, predvsem p-kumarne (PKK) in ferulne kisline (FK) ter lignina, njihovo porazdelitev v ...rastlinah in znotraj rastlinske celične stene. Opisane so tudi povezave lignina in derivatov cimetne kisline z različnimi strukturnimi ogljikovimi hidrati ter osnovne značilnosti strukturno in kemično spremenjenega lignina pri mutantih z rjavo osrednjo žilo (brown midrib; BMR) in mutantih z lomljivim steblom (brittle culm).
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