Background. Person's civil and ethnic identity, which are components of social identity, develop during socialization under the influence of a number of factors. J. Berry identifies cultural, ...political, economic and historical factors as the basis for identity formation. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study of the role of the cultural factor, namely the structure of values, in the formation of a positive civic and ethnic identity of Russians. Objectives. The purpose of this work is to study the structure of the ethnic and civic identity of Russians as well as the influence of individual values on their formation. Study Participants. The study was conducted with the participation of 1014 respondents, ethnic Russians, aged from 19 to 83 years (Mage = 41 years; SD = 13.04; 527 women and 487 men). Methods. J. Finney's MEIM-R methods were used to measure ethnic identity. S. Schwartz's PVQ-R value structure questionnaire was also applied. Civic identity was measured using the methodology from the International Social Survey Program, adapted into Russian by L.K. Grigoryan. Results. It was found that the civic identity of Russians as the individual’s awareness of belonging to the citizens of the country is more pronounced than ethnic identity. Nationalism is expressed more than the ideology of patriotism. The affective component of ethnic identity is more pronounced than the cognitive one. Among the surveyed respondents, the values of independence, security, reputation and benevolence prevail. The values of security, benevolence and universalism increase the level of civic identity in Russians. The key positive regressor in relation to both civic and ethnic identity is the value “Tradition”. Conclusions. Socially oriented values (preservation and self-overcoming) have a positive impact on the formation of positive civic and ethnic identity of Russians. The values of personal orientation (openness to change and self-affirmation) have a negative impact on their formation.
Aim. The aim of the research is to determine the psychological peculiarities of citizens with various types of civic identity. Methods. 190 Ukrainian citizens were interviewed about their relations ...with parents (or guardians) in the childhood , features of family upbringing, priority values of the parents' family, experience of interpersonal relationships with peers, participation in school/student activities, lifestyle, etc. The following psycho-diagnostic techniques were also used: questionnaire "Level and Type of Civic Identity" (Petrovska, 2018); "World Assumptions Scale" (Janoff-Bulman, adapted by Padun & Kotelnikova, 2008); "Portrait Values Questionnaire" (Schwartz, adapted by Semkiv, 2013); "Interpersonal Trust Scale" (Rotter, adapted by Dostovalov, 2000); questionnaire "Level of Social Frustration" (Vasserman, 2004); "Social Activity Scale" (Lewicka, adapted by Cholij, 2010). Results. The typology of citizens ("devoted", "moderate", "disappointed", "indifferent" and "alienated") was created in accordance with the specificity of the formation of civic identity components (cognitive, value, affective, behavioral). Significance (value)/insignificance, positive/negative attitude towards belonging to the state and community of citizens and forms of activity/inactivity in relation to the state and citizens made up the basis of the classification. Also, psychological peculiarities of citizens with foregoing types of civic identity were determined. Conclusions. The main factors in the formation of a certain type of civic identity are basic beliefs (in particular, the justice of the world, the ability to control the events of one's life and self-value); civic behavioral patterns of reference persons (including civic attitudes of reference persons); social integration and social acceptance (experience of interpersonal relationships with peers); subjectness activity (defending own position, wide range of interests, initiative, active participation in many events); value-semantic orientations (in particular, universalism, self-regulation, safety, tradition); prosocial focus (focus of activity on socially useful affairs); social trust; the fact of meeting the needs of physical and social existence in the state (level of social frustration); experience of interaction with the state in the form of its various agencies.
The article describes the problem of trust in interethnic relations. The phenomenon of trust is one of the most important aspects of interethnic interaction in the modern multicultural environment. ...The trust of ethnophors to ethnocontact groups usually depend on the attitude of trust / distrust towards the world, other people, and oneself, as well as on the type of ethnic identity and personal characteristics. The study involved 280 young people from the North-Caucasian regions of Russia: 80 Ossetians, 80 Chechens, 40 Kabardians, 40 Russians, and 40 Georgians. The data collection relied on the Saks-Levy method of Incomplete Sentences, which was modified by the authors, the Assessment of Trust / Distrust to the World, Others, and Oneself developed by A. B. Kupreychenko, and R. B. Kettell’s 16-Factor Personality Questionnaire. The authors designed their own scale to measure the level of trust in ethno-contact groups. Other research tools included the method developed by N. M. Lebedeva and A. N. Tatarko that assesses the valence and definiteness of ethnic identity, the degree of civic identity, and interethnic attitudes. The respondents, regardless of nationality, believed that trusting interethnic relations are based on accepting foreign national values, customs, and culture, as well as on the certainty that a representative of a different ethnicity will provide help and support in a difficult situation. Those with a low level of interethnic trust demonstrated a much lower all-Russian identity and a much greater anxiety connected with interethnic interaction, compared with the respondents who had a high level of interethnic trust. The latter also had a positive attitude towards other ethnic groups and were ready to interact with other nationalities in various social situations. The respondents with low trust levels were less emotionally stable, more restrained, suspicious, anxious, conservative, and tense.
The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country are important in the context of the problem of civic identity; therefore, they are of growing interest on the part of sociologists and ...psychologists. Given the moral nature of these emotions, their analysis based on one of the most authoritative approaches in the psychology of morality, moral foundations theory, seems relevant and justified. The purpose of this study was to analyze the moral foundations for the feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country. The online survey involved 752 subjects (49.9% men) aged 16-73 (mean age M = 42, SD = 10.87). A new version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-2) was used to assess the moral foundations. The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country were assessed using a questionnaire tested in previous sociological and psychological studies. Data processing was carried out using exploratory factor analysis, linear regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the regression analysis on the factors of shame and pride regarding the native country showed that the moral foundations play an important role in these feelings among the inhabitants of Russia. However, a specific set of predictors is determined by what exactly is the subject of pride or shame. In general, the moral foundations of loyalty and authority are of the greatest importance for pride, while liberty and equity are most important for shame regarding the native country. Using the latent profile analysis, we identified typical profiles of moral foundations associated with age. A small group (14% of the sample) of relatively young respondents with an individualistic profile of moral foundations demonstrated a significant predominance of shame over pride regarding their native country. The other two groups with a traditionalist and a moderate profiles of moral foundations were characterized by a balance (or approximate equality) of pride and shame regarding their native country. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the moral factors of patriotic education based on the formation of a feeling of pride in the country.
Aim.
To analyze the civil component in the political identity of modern Kazakhstan.
Methodology.
The civil ("Kazakh") and ethnic ("Kazakh") models of the formation of the political identity of the ...Republic of Kazakhstan are analyzed. The main approaches were constructivism and a systematic approach, which were used in relation to the analysis of political practice of modern Kazakhstan. The method of political modeling was also used.
Results.
The study revealed that in the process of constructing civil identity in Kazakhstan, a national myth is being created that employs several universal historical and political imperatives: the assertion of the the people and the Kazakh statehood’ antiquity, the imperative of the "age-old traditions" of the people, spiritual colonialism, and autarky. In the course of the study, the problems of the formation of a civil Kazakh nation were identified: the substitution of certain national components with ethnic and national ones).
Research implications.
The results of the study can be used both in the comparative analysis of the nation-building processes and the construction of political identity in other countries of the former USSR, as well as in predictive research regarding the political development of Kazakhstan.
Aim.
To introduce the scientific community to the main results of the international scientific and practical conference “National Identity and Patriotism in States in the Conditions of International ...Crises” which was held on October 28, 2022 and organized by the Department of Comparative Political Science of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University with the support of the electronic network publications “Bulletin of the Moscow Region State University”.
Methodology.
This article presents the abstracts of the speeches of the conference participants who devoted their reports to the problems of national identity and patriotism. The authors were researchers from Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, INION RAS, Institute of Sociology FNISTs RAS, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk), Eurasian National University named after L. N. Gumilyov (Republic of Kazakhstan), University of Mumbai (Republic of India), University of Tair Recep Tayyip Erdogan (Republic of Turkey).
Results.
Using materials from Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Belarus, Latvia, China and the Republic of Korea, the speakers showed a wide range of problems of national identity and patriotism. The main attention was paid to the topical issues of the formation of national identity and patriotism, the specifics of national identity in Russia and post-Soviet countries, the impact of stigmatization that fragments national identity and marginalizes the discourse of patriotism.
Research implications.
The published materials are of significant theoretical and practical importance in ensuring the sovereignty of Russia and other states, preserving and developing national identity and patriotic education of citizens under the influence of destructive socio-political technologies. The conclusions and recommendations of the researchers can contribute to the solution of urgent political, educational and educational problems.
This article focuses on the problems associated with shaping the civic identity among students in Russia as they study the history of the North Caucasian peoples. One of the powerful tools to ...overcome them is to develop a sense of historical consciousness in the younger generation of Russians. However, while the collective memory of the past can serve as a unifying force through shared national values, it can also ignite historical grievances, claims, and conflicts in the present. Here, the debates revolving around the conflicting interpretations of the events that took place in the North Caucasus during the 19th and early 20th centuries (the Caucasian War, the tactics and warfare methods of the Russian military commanders and mountain leaders, the Muhajir movement, and the actions of the imperial power structures) are considered. The questions are raised about how to effectively convey the history of the North Caucasus to the youth, as well as what approaches should be employed to explain the complex, contradictory, and sometimes tragic events of the region’s past so that it would contribute to the development of an all-Russian civic identity instead of fueling confrontations and divisions. Several approaches (recommendations) for teaching the history of the North Caucasus are outlined. They highlight the integrative tendencies in the history of the region, emphasizing the factors that unite its diverse peoples, cultures, and worldviews and define their common pathways for historical development.
In the conditions of geopolitical instability, globalisation of information space, cultural and digital transformations, it is necessary to pay special attention to the problems of preservation of ...identity and formation of students’ state-oriented active citizenship, also on the basis of using socio-communicative technologies for managing institutional trust in the authorities. The subject of the study – elements of communicative policy of government officials, public organisations, mass media, aimed at student youth. The purpose of the study is to develop a set of modern technologies to increase the level of students’ institutional trust in the authorities. The research methodology is based on theoretical and methodological provisions of sociology, social psychology, political science to define the phenomena of institutional and social trust as well as the concept of a single information space. As a result of the empirical study, the authors have determined the level of trust in regional and federal authorities, individual socio-economic and political institutions put by students from higher and secondary professional educational organisations; the authors have also identified the causes of low awareness and involvement of student youth in public processes of regional development, and low participation in the activities of specialised all-Russian and regional youth organisations. The technologies for improving the effectiveness of interaction between the authorities and students, as well as in the network information space, are proposed as recommendations.
На материалах мониторингового исследования Федерального агентства по делам национальностей, выполненного Всероссийским центром изучения общественного мнения по общероссийской выборке (2000 ...респондентов), анализируется значимость интегрирующих представлений об общем государстве, территории, историческом прошлом, культуре, гражданских ценностях. Показано, что российская идентичность формировалась не только государством, но и усилиями самого общества. В современных условиях наиболее широко распространен тип государственной идентичности, связанный со страновыми и территориальными представлениями, и меньше — историко-культурный и гражданский. Идентифицирующие паттерны динамичны и корреспондируют в представлениях людей. Акцентируются множественность идентичностей и совмещение российской и этнической идентичностей. Показано, что вариативность содержания российской идентичности в наибольшей мере проявляется в оценке значимости идентификации на основе общего государства и в наименьшей — исторического прошлого. Содержание российской идентичности сходно среди жителей городов и сёл, выделяются только крупные города, жители которых большее значение придают исторической и культурной составляющей. Доля людей, ощущавших связь с гражданами России, увеличилась с 84% в 2016 г. до 91% в 2019 г. Среди людей с сильной (актуальной) идентичностью несколько больше молодых и образованных, ориентированных на межэтническое согласие и доверие, но при этом не более трети россиян чувствуют ответственность за судьбу страны. Задачей государства и общества является формирование гражданского сознания, ответственности за позитивную направленность общероссийской идентичности.
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