Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone which is essential in eukaryotes. It is required for the activation and stabilization of a wide variety of client proteins and ...many of them are involved in important cellular pathways. Since Hsp90 affects numerous physiological processes such as signal transduction, intracellular transport, and protein degradation, it became an interesting target for cancer therapy. Structurally, Hsp90 is a flexible dimeric protein composed of three different domains which adopt structurally distinct conformations. ATP binding triggers directionality in these conformational changes and leads to a more compact state. To achieve its function, Hsp90 works together with a large group of cofactors, termed co-chaperones. Co-chaperones form defined binary or ternary complexes with Hsp90, which facilitate the maturation of client proteins. In addition, posttranslational modifications of Hsp90, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, provide another level of regulation. They influence the conformational cycle, co-chaperone interaction, and inter-domain communications. In this review, we discuss the recent progress made in understanding the Hsp90 machinery.
How the attorney-client relationship favors the
privileged in criminal court-and denies justice to the poor and to
working-class people of color The number of Americans
arrested, brought to court, ...and incarcerated has skyrocketed in
recent decades. Criminal defendants come from all races and
economic walks of life, but they experience punishment in vastly
different ways. Privilege and Punishment examines how
racial and class inequalities are embedded in the attorney-client
relationship, providing a devastating portrait of inequality and
injustice within and beyond the criminal courts. Matthew Clair
conducted extensive fieldwork in the Boston court system, attending
criminal hearings and interviewing defendants, lawyers, judges,
police officers, and probation officers. In this eye-opening book,
he uncovers how privilege and inequality play out in criminal court
interactions. When disadvantaged defendants try to learn their
legal rights and advocate for themselves, lawyers and judges often
silence, coerce, and punish them. Privileged defendants, who are
more likely to trust their defense attorneys, delegate authority to
their lawyers, defer to judges, and are rewarded for their
compliance. Clair shows how attempts to exercise legal rights often
backfire on the poor and on working-class people of color, and how
effective legal representation alone is no guarantee of justice.
Superbly written and powerfully argued, Privilege and
Punishment draws needed attention to the injustices that are
perpetuated by the attorney-client relationship in today's criminal
courts, and describes the reforms needed to correct them.
Beyond the Work Product will prepare business attorneys (and particularly law students and new attorneys) for a successful law practice by providing a framework for effective and efficient lawyering. ...It emphasizes building relationships and trust with clients so that, despite the existence of less costly alternatives, they will keep coming back for more.The approach is process-focused rather than outcome-focused; it emphasizes every step of the lawyering process, not simply delivering the best work product possible. Whether you are at a big firm, a small firm, or a solo practice, approaching lawyering as a relationship-driven job will help you build a sustainable practice and even increase your enjoyment of your work.
The widely disseminated clinical method of motivational interviewing (MI) arose through a convergence of science and practice. Beyond a large base of clinical trials, advances have been made toward ..."looking under the hood" of MI to understand the underlying mechanisms by which it affects behavior change. Such specification of outcome-relevant aspects of practice is vital to theory development and can inform both treatment delivery and clinical training. An emergent theory of MI is proposed that emphasizes two specific active components: a relational component focused on empathy and the interpersonal spirit of MI, and a technical component involving the differential evocation and reinforcement of client change talk. A resulting causal chain model links therapist training, therapist and client responses during treatment sessions, and posttreatment outcomes.
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Data stores and cloud services are typically accessed using a client-server paradigm wherein the client runs as part of an application process which is trying to access the data store or cloud ...service. This paper presents the design and implementation of enhanced clients for improving both the functionality and performance of applications accessing data stores or cloud services. Our enhanced clients can improve performance via multiple types of caches, encrypt data for providing confidentiality before sending information to a server, and compress data for reducing the size of data transfers. Our clients can perform data analysis to allow applications to more effectively use cloud services. They also provide both synchronous and asynchronous interfaces. An asynchronous interface allows an application program to access a data store or cloud service and continue execution before receiving a response which can significantly improve performance. We present a Universal Data Store Manager (UDSM) which allows an application to access multiple different data stores and provides a common interface to each data store. The UDSM also can monitor the performance of different data stores. A workload generator allows users to easily determine and compare the performance of different data stores. We also present NLU-SA, an application for performing natural language understanding and sentiment analysis on text documents. NLU-SA is implemented on top of our enhanced clients and integrates text analysis with Web searching. We present results from NLU-SA on sentiment on the Web towards major companies and countries. We also present a performance analysis of our enhanced clients.
This paper studies federated learning (FL) in a classic wireless network, where learning clients share a common wireless link to a coordinating server to perform federated model training using their ...local data. In such wireless federated learning networks (WFLNs), optimizing the learning performance depends crucially on how clients are selected and how bandwidth is allocated among the selected clients in every learning round, as both radio and client energy resources are limited. While existing works have made some attempts to allocate the limited wireless resources to optimize FL, they focus on the problem in individual learning rounds, overlooking an inherent yet critical feature of federated learning. This paper brings a new long-term perspective to resource allocation in WFLNs, realizing that learning rounds are not only temporally interdependent but also have varying significance towards the final learning outcome. To this end, we first design data-driven experiments to show that different temporal client selection patterns lead to considerably different learning performance. With the obtained insights, we formulate a stochastic optimization problem for joint client selection and bandwidth allocation under long-term client energy constraints, and develop a new algorithm that utilizes only currently available wireless channel information but can achieve long-term performance guarantee. Experiments show that our algorithm results in the desired temporal client selection pattern, is adaptive to changing network environments and far outperforms benchmarks that ignore the long-term effect of FL.
Rechtsanwälte in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz haben Akquise, Strategieentwicklung und unternehmerisches Denken nicht gelernt, obwohl sie faktisch Unternehmer sind. Dieses Buch füllt die ...Lücke. Als Nachschlagewerk enthält es konkrete Handlungsanweisungen für alle Anwälte, die ihre Akquise optimieren möchten und zeigt erfolgreich erprobte Praxistipps ebenso auf wie Methoden anwaltlicher Kommunikation, Organisation und Strategie. Online-Akquise und Legal Tech werden noch in dieser Dekade Marktpositionen und Strategien von Kanzleien jeder Größe nachhaltig verändern. Deshalb liegt der Fokus der zweiten Auflage auf diesen Themen.
A growing body of scholarship argues that representing clients in an effective and quality manner should be a critical goal for public defenders, emphasizing the need to be client-centered. Beyond ...this call, recent research emphasizes that client-centered approaches hinge on good communication as it can contribute to a more effective attorney-client relationship. However, to identify and improve communication and client-centered relationships, major obstacles must be overcome which involve conceptualizing and operationalizing quality representation and communication. In this article, we introduce a two-phase, structured shadowing method as a way to overcome these obstacles. Phase I consists of a survey of public defenders that captures attorneys' perspectives of factors important in developing and maintaining good communication with clients. The second phase involves an exploratory method of shadowing attorneys in meetings with their clients, and administering a survey of clients to assess the importance of these factors from their vantagepoint and their overall perception of communication with their attorney. Additionally, we demonstrate how this method can be deployed to aid in understanding and improving attorney-client communication from both the attorneys' and clients' perspectives. We conclude the article with a discussion of how this method can help to progress research and practice related to quality representation, and as appendices we provide the tools used to demonstrate the approach.
Frederic G. Reamer offers a frank analysis of a range of boundary issues that human-service practitioners may confront. This third edition brings the book up to date, adding discussion of the ways in ...which practitioners' online communications and technology-based relationships with clients can violate ethical standards.
The advent of social media has forever changed how organizations communicate with the public, and healthcare organizations are no exception. Beyond Persuasion provides healthcare managers with a ...guide to using strategic communication to meet both personal and professional objectives in the digital age.
Whether healthcare managers are conducting meetings with employees, answering massive amounts of email, or keeping up with Twitter feeds, their success ultimately depends on their strategic communication skills. The first book to offer a strategic approach to managerial communication in health care, Beyond Persuasion is full of valuable information on issues such as how to develop fundamental skills, communicate strategically with internal groups such as employees and medical staff, and develop relationships with the external community and both traditional and new media.
In this new edition, Patricia J. Parsons has added new references and resources and has updated the text with fresh material on how to weave social media tools, tactics, strategies, and policies into the fundamental discussion about communication as a personal, professional, and organizational priority.
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