This study investigates how country-level digital infrastructure shapes the relationships between the action-formation mechanisms of socio-cognitive traits, i.e., entrepreneurial self-efficacy, fear ...of failure, and opportunity recognition, and entrepreneurial action. We amalgamate the agent-centric social cognitive theory with the external enabler framework and apply mechanism-based theorizing to explain how access-related mechanisms provided by digital infrastructure influence entrepreneurial action-formation. Based on a multilevel analysis of 344,265 individual-level observations from 46 countries and an additional robustness analysis of 391,119 individuals from 53 countries, we find that an individual's proclivity to starting a new venture is contingent upon the level of the digital infrastructure of a country. The empirical results show that a country's digital infrastructure is an external enabler that moderates the relationship between socio-cognitive traits and entrepreneurial action.
•We amalgamate the social cognitive theory (SCT) with the external enabler (EE) framework.•EE framework as a theoretical basis for explaining the role of digital infrastructure on entrepreneurial action-formation.•We apply mechanism-based theorizing with EE mechanisms in a multilevel framework.•Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and opportunity recognition promote entrepreneurial action but fear of failure discourages it.•Digital infrastructure moderates the effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, opportunity recognition, and fear of failure.
The sustainable consumption behavior of customers affects the sustainable development of society. Customers' pro-environment behavior provides economic benefits to society and ensures the sustainable ...development of the environment. Green economy and strategy are important in the hotel system nowadays. This study discusses the benefits of green hotel management in protecting the earth and establishes a green marketing-oriented model through stress cognitive theory. Smart partial least squares method is used for structural analysis to understand that green marketing orientation is important in practice. A total of 836 responses were collected from customers of a green hotel. This study found that stakeholders and executive corporate social responsibility hotels could indirectly increase consumer loyalty to the image of the hotel through green marketing.
•Different types of leader knowledge hiding have different impacts on bystander knowledge hiding.•Bystander moral disengagement mediates the effect of leader knowledge hiding on bystander knowledge ...hiding.•The strength of the mediation relies on the levels of bystander moral identity.
This study aims to explore the trickle-down effect of leader knowledge hiding from the perspective of bystanders. Based on social cognitive theory, this study developed and tested a moderated mediation model between bystander perception of leader knowledge hiding (i.e., evasive hiding, playing dumb, and rationalized hiding) and bystander knowledge hiding, especially the mediating role of bystander moral disengagement and the moderating role of bystander moral identity.
Using a two-stage time-lagged design, we collected data from three high-tech enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. The hypothetical model was estimated through Hayes PROCESS macro.
The results showed that: (a) bystander perception of leader unethical knowledge hiding (i.e., evasive hiding and playing dumb) had a positive correlation with bystander knowledge hiding through bystander moral disengagement; (b) bystander moral identity significantly moderated the positive relationship between bystander perception of leader unethical knowledge hiding (i.e., evasive hiding and playing dumb) and bystander moral disengagement; and (c) bystander moral identity significantly moderated the indirect effect of bystander perception of leader unethical knowledge hiding (i.e., evasive hiding and playing dumb) on bystander knowledge hiding via bystander moral disengagement.
We explored the impact of three types of knowledge hiding by leaders from a bystander perspective, breaking the previous limitations of only exploring knowledge hiding behaviors from the perspective of victims or perpetrators. Besides, this study further verified the different effects between different types of leader knowledge hiding, contributing to a deeper understanding of the dimensions of leader knowledge hiding. In addition, by providing a new perspective (i.e., social cognitive perspective of moral self-regulation), this study opens the internal “black box” mechanism of the influence of bystander perception of leader knowledge hiding and clarify the boundary conditions for the influence of bystander perception of leader knowledge hiding on bystander knowledge hiding.
The majority of theory and research on empowering leadership to date has focused on how empowering leader behaviors influence employees, portraying those behaviors as almost exclusively beneficial. ...We depart from this predominant consensus to focus on the potential detriments of empowering leadership for employees. Drawing from the social cognitive theory of morality, we propose that empowering leadership can unintentionally increase employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB), and that it does so by increasing their levels of moral disengagement. Specifically, we propose that hindrance stressors create a reversing effect, such that empowering leadership increases (vs. decreases) moral disengagement when hindrance stressors are higher (vs. lower). Ultimately, we argue for a positive or negative indirect effect of empowering leadership on UPB through moral disengagement. We find support for our predictions in both a time-lagged field study (Study 1) and a scenario-based experiment using an anagram cheating task (Study 2). We thus highlight the impact that empowering leadership can have on unethical behavior, providing answers to both why and when the dark side of empowering leadership behavior occurs.
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•We adopt a multidimensional, person-centered view on teacher self-efficacy.•Six latent profiles of teachers’ multidimensional self-efficacy were identified.•The profiles generalized across upper and ...lower secondary teachers.•Socio-demographics and learning experiences and needs predicted profile membership.•Teacher collaboration, climate and satisfaction differed across the profiles.
There have been considerable advances in understanding teacher self-efficacy in the past two decades. However, the core theoretical postulate that teachers may simultaneously possess a variety of teaching-related self-efficacy beliefs at varying levels has not been systematically examined. Adopting a person-centered, multidimensional perspective on teacher self-efficacy, the current study aims to identify distinct profiles of teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs in lower and upper secondary teachers and examine the replicability of the profiles across these groups. In addition, we draw on social cognitive perspectives to posit several predictors of teacher self-efficacy profile membership, including professional development provisions and needs, mentoring experiences, gender, and teaching experience, and outcomes of profile membership, including job satisfaction, perceived classroom climate, and teacher collaboration. Results revealed six teacher self-efficacy profiles, which were found to replicate entirely across lower and upper secondary teachers. Job satisfaction, classroom climate, and teacher collaboration were found to differ as a function of the profiles, and these relations were found to be moderated by teaching level, suggesting context-differentiated processes in the outcomes of teacher self-efficacy profile membership. Finally, profile membership was shown to be predicted by professional development needs and provisions, mentoring experiences, gender, and years of teaching experience. Implications of the results for teacher self-efficacy theory and research are discussed.
This paper applies components of cognitive architectures to hygrothermal (humidity and temperature) control in a simulated room; an agent can affect the room hiygrothermal state. Hygrothermal control ...and its optimization is an important field of research due to constraints on fuel acquisition and the transition to renewable energies. The cognitive theory looks to model a mind's behavior as the joint work of multiple components. This first work implements two features of cognition related to hygrothermal regulation: procedural memory and attention. An agent uses these two modules to control the hygrothermal state of a room under environmental pressure.
Drawing on the social cognitive theory of self‐regulation, we proposed a model considering an inverted U‐shaped relationship between perceived overqualification and constructive voice. We reasoned ...from the theory that this curvilinear effect would be moderated by leader consultation, which could intensify the upward curvilinear trend and neutralize the downward curvilinear trend, and be mediated by work engagement. We conducted two studies to test our model. In Study 1, based on a three‐wave time‐lagged sample of 293 employees and 120 supervisors, we found an inverted U‐shaped relationship between perceived overqualification and constructive voice, which was moderated by leader consultation. In Study 2, we examined the proposed mediated moderation model using a sample of 231 matched leader–subordinate dyads. We found that, at lower levels, perceived overqualification has a positive association with constructive voice, which is mediated by work engagement, especially at higher leader consultation. At higher levels, perceived overqualification has a negative association with work engagement and thus constructive voice, especially at lower levels of leader consultation. The implications of our research are discussed.
Next-generation engagement is a key contributor to the success and continuity of family firms. Family relationships are an important factor in shaping such engagement. However, we know little as to ...how this engagement process unfolds, especially during the formative years of next-generation members. Using the principles of social cognitive theory and drawing on the career development, organizational behavior, and family business literature, we theorize the indirect influence of perceived parental support and psychological control on next-generation engagement in family firms through the mediating variables of self-efficacy and commitment to the family business. We discuss several possible avenues to test and extend this model in future research.
An exploration of the extensive intra-personal, interpersonal and group dynamic landscape of human experience pertinent to the understanding of the human shadow in the training of psychotherapists. ...Using phenomenological enquiry this book invites unique in-depth experiences, provides new insights, and addresses the complexities and diversities inherent in the emergence and containment of shadow experience in psychotherapy training. The book demonstrates a process of qualitative research and invites the reader to explore his or her own relationships to the love of others, through the exploration of all the things that love is not. It argues that without hate we cannot truly love. Interspersed throughout the book are suggestions for personal exploration and it is hoped that reading this book will both stimulate practitioners to a process of self-reflection and questioning, and also support practitioner researchers in their own journey to self-understanding.
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