Horizontal collaboration has been considered as effective practice for sustainable logistics and freight transport and it has gained increased attention in recent years. This paper aims to provide a ...survey of the development of horizontal collaborative transport (HCT) over the past ten years, to identify research trends and gaps, then to propose some research opportunities. The paper also aims to provide guidelines to logistics companies who wish to embark on HCT, to help them choose which HCT solution to implement. To provide a comprehensive and structured review, the paper follows the methodology for Systematic Literature Review proposed in the literature. A total of 120 scientific papers published between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed. A survey framework based on two axes - HCT solutions and implementation issues - is developed to analyse and position the papers. The results show that, regarding HCT solutions, carrier alliance and flow controller collaboration were the most frequently studied. But recent innovative solutions such as pooling and physical internet are also gaining increased attention. Regarding implementation issues, the focus of the literature has been on the development of decision-making models, including transport planning, lane exchange, and gain sharing. Conversely, managerial and technological issues have received less attention.
The “Co-Pilot Project” and Ukraine Tomycz, Luke; Kurilets, Igor; Markosian, Christopher ...
Neurosurgery,
12/2020, Volume:
67, Issue:
Supplement_1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
INTRODUCTION Ukraine, formerly part of the USSR, gained its independence in 1991, and has continued to rely on medical contributions in various ways including physician capacity building. The field ...of neurosurgery in the country has been improving rapidly, in part, due to the establishment of collaborative partnerships with centers of excellence throughout the world. METHODS Since August 2016, we have coordinated 15 separate trips to Ukraine with several of our American neurosurgical, neurologic, and orthopedic colleagues; we have consulted on hundreds of patients and performed scores of surgeries with our Ukrainian partners at multiple sites throughout the country. We regularly provide guidance via email communication on complex cases, send surgical instruments and equipment, conduct online epilepsy conferences, and provide training opportunities to our Ukrainian partners. RESULTS Since 2016, co-pilot physicians from the United States assisted Ukrainian partner physicians on 79 major brain and spine operations during trips to Ukraine. While we mostly operated on patients with benign brain tumors, a wide variety of cases were performed including clip ligation of aneurysm, microvascular decompression, functional hemispherotomy, temporal lobectomy, implantation of vagal nerve stimulator, spinal cord detethering, Chiari decompression, shunting, and correction of complex spinal deformities. Endovascular (e.g., coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm) and intraventricular endoscopic procedures were also performed with partners who had these capabilities. CONCLUSION The Co-Pilot Project has been successful in developing long-term relationships with Ukrainian physicians and enhancing the field of neurosurgery in the country. We believe that many of the lessons learned from our project in Ukraine can serve as a template for collaborative efforts in other countries who seek further advancement through strategic partnerships.
•Exploitative and exploratory innovations are embedded in double networks.•A knowledge network is constituted by coupling among knowledge elements.•Knowledge and collaboration networks are decoupled ...and have different integrations.•Knowledge and collaboration networks influence innovation in diverse ways.
Innovations of organizations are doubly embedded in knowledge networks constituted by coupling among knowledge elements and in social networks formed by collaborative relationships among organizations. This study explores the structural properties of such relationships and their possible influences on organizational innovations in terms of exploitation and exploration in the emerging nano-energy field. Results indicate that the knowledge networks and the technology-based collaboration networks in the nano-energy field are decoupled and that they have different degrees of integration. Some structural features of knowledge and collaboration networks influence organizations’ exploitative and exploratory innovations in diverse ways. Firstly, direct ties of an organization's knowledge elements in a knowledge network have an inverted U-shaped effect on its exploitative innovation, which is not the case in exploratory innovation. Direct ties in a collaboration network have an inverted U-shaped effect on both its exploitative and exploratory innovations. Secondly, indirect ties of an organization's knowledge elements in a knowledge network affect its exploitative innovation, but not its exploratory innovation. However, indirect ties in a collaboration network affect exploratory innovation, but not exploitative innovation. Thirdly, non-redundancy among ties in a knowledge network exhibits the opposite effect, hindering exploitative innovation, but favoring exploratory innovation. By contrast, non-redundancy among ties in a collaboration network favors exploitative innovation, but shows a non-significant effect on exploratory innovation.
Adaptation is critical for effective team collaboration. This paper introduces a computational formalism for mutual adaptation between a robot and a human in collaborative tasks. We propose the ...Bounded-Memory Adaptation Model, which is a probabilistic finite-state controller that captures human adaptive behaviors under a bounded-memory assumption. We integrate the Bounded-Memory Adaptation Model into a probabilistic decision process, enabling the robot to guide adaptable participants towards a better way of completing the task. Human subject experiments suggest that the proposed formalism improves the effectiveness of human-robot teams in collaborative tasks, when compared with one-way adaptations of the robot to the human, while maintaining the human’s trust in the robot.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Because of the significant implications on hospital payment schedules, length of acute care remains an important discussion. The objective of this study was to identify ...predictors of inpatient hospitalization.
METHODS
A statewide collaborative quality initiative consisting of 26 hospitals for patients = 18 yr, the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative was queried for lumbar interbody fusions from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017 by a single surgeon. Because of the rightwardly skewed data, length of acute care stay was divided into routine discharge = 3 d (timeframe under the normally distributed portion of the curve) and prolonged discharge = 4 d (a time mark at the start of the rightwardly skewed data). The 30-d mean preoperative Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) was calculated by a statewide automated prescriber system. The modified Frailty Index (mFI) is a surrogate marker for comorbidity burden. Electronic medical records were queried for physical therapy notes.
RESULTS
Of the 73 patients, 10 (13%) remained in the hospital = 4 d. Interestingly, median day of ambulation with physical therapy was earlier in the routine discharge cohort (postoperative day 1) versus prolonged discharge cohort (postoperative day 2) (P = .003). The expected group ambulated a mean of 109 feet versus 56 feet in the prolonged group (P = .008). The 30-d preoperative MME did not differ between the cohorts and failed to predict prolonged hospitalization in the logistical regression, controlling for mFI (OR = 2.6, P = .006) and discharge to rehab (OR = 29.2, P = .004).
CONCLUSION
While the mFI and discharge to rehab expectedly predicted longer hospitalization, both time to and duration of ambulation with physical therapy did correlate with faster discharge. Surprisingly, preoperative opioid usage was equivalent between the groups. Preoperative optimization of comorbidities and early physical therapy increases the likelihood of routine discharge.
This paper presents a comprehensive disassembly sequence planning (DSP) algorithm in the human–robot collaboration (HRC) setting with consideration of several important factors including limited ...resources and human workers’ safety. The proposed DSP algorithm is capable of planning and distributing disassembly tasks among the human operator, the robot, and HRC, aiming to minimize the total disassembly time without violating resources and safety constraints. Regarding the resource constraints, we consider one human operator and one robot, and a limited quantity of disassembly tools. Regarding the safety constraints, we consider avoiding potential human injuries from to-be-disassembled components and possible collisions between the human operator and the robot due to the short distance between disassembly tasks. In addition, the transitions for tool changing, the moving between disassembly modules, and the precedence constraint of components to be disassembled are also considered and formulated as constraints in the problem formulation. Both numerical and experimental studies on the disassembly of a used hard disk drive (HDD) have been conducted to validate the proposed algorithm.
•Disassembly sequence planning considering human-robot collaboration (HRC)•Consideration of constraints including limited resources and human worker’s safety•Distributing and planning disassembly tasks among human, robot, and HRC•Experimental validation on disassembly of used hard disk drives (video available)
Invasive species pose significant challenges to successful restoration efforts worldwide. A strategy to reduce invasions is to establish communities consisting of species with varied ecological ...strategies. These strategies typically align along the conservative and plant size axes, and more recently, along a below‐ground collaboration axis. However, we lack understanding of how the diverse ecological strategies of Cerrado grass species, their combinations and their interactions with soil conditions can mitigate invasions.
Here, we investigated how native grass communities composed by species with different ecological strategies affect the invasion success in two soil types of abandoned pastures in the Cerrado. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that greater above‐ and below‐ground functional diversity reduces exotic species invasion. We also evaluated whether the isolated effects of native species on invasion were positive or negative.
We installed an experiment with species richness ranging from zero to eight native grass species. In November 2019, we sowed species combinations to create communities composed by species with different ecological strategies. We quantified the above‐ground biomass of exotic species as a measure of invasion. To characterize the species ecological strategies, we measured five functional traits.
Functional diversity of maximum height and specific root length (SRL) had the highest predictive power; however, the most parsimonious model included only SRL diversity, which represents the collaboration axis. Native above‐ground biomass was also negatively related to exotic species biomass. Furthermore, invasion was greater in less stressful soil conditions but did not interact with diversity. The effect of native species varied from facilitation to competition, with the annual fast‐growing native species favouring invasion.
Synthesis and applications. Our results show that greater functional diversity of combined above‐ and below‐ground traits reduces invasion success, shedding light on an underexplored role of specific root length diversity. The competitive and facilitative effects of different native species highlight the need for careful selection of the species to be used in restoration programmes. Furthermore, the absence of interaction between diversity and soil types highlights the need for an integrated management of the functional composition and edaphic factors to increase resistance to invasion in these Neotropical grass communities.
Resumo
As espécies invasoras representam desafios significativos para os esforços de restauração bem‐sucedidos em todo o mundo. Uma estratégia para reduzir as invasões é estabelecer comunidades constituídas por espécies com estratégias ecológicas variadas. Essas estratégias normalmente se alinham ao longo dos eixos conservador e de tamanho da planta e, mais recentemente, ao longo de um eixo de colaboração subterrânea. No entanto, falta‐nos compreender como as diversas estratégias ecológicas das espécies de gramíneas do Cerrado, suas combinações e suas interações com as condições do solo podem mitigar as invasões.
Aqui, investigamos como comunidades de gramíneas nativas compostas por espécies com diferentes estratégias ecológicas afetam o sucesso da invasão em dois tipos de solo em uma pastagem abandonada no Cerrado. Especificamente, testamos a hipótese de que uma maior diversidade funcional acima e abaixo do solo reduz a invasão de espécies exóticas. Também avaliamos se os efeitos isolados das espécies nativas na invasão foram positivos ou negativos.
Instalamos um experimento com riqueza de espécies variando de zero a oito espécies de gramíneas nativas. Em novembro de 2019, semeamos combinações de espécies para criar comunidades compostas por espécies com diferentes estratégias ecológicas. Quantificamos a biomassa aérea de espécies exóticas como medida de invasão. Para caracterizar as estratégias ecológicas das espécies, medimos cinco características funcionais.
A diversidade funcional de altura máxima e comprimento específico de raiz (CER) teve o maior poder preditivo, porém, o modelo mais parcimonioso incluiu apenas a diversidade de CER, que está relacionado com o eixo de colaboração subterrânea. A biomassa nativa acima do solo também foi negativamente relacionada com a biomassa de espécies exóticas. Além disso, a invasão foi maior em condições de solo menos estressantes, mas não interagiu com a diversidade. O efeito das espécies nativas variou de facilitação a competição, com as espécies nativas anuais de rápido crescimento favorecendo o sucesso da invasão.
Síntese e aplicações. Nossos resultados mostram que uma maior diversidade funcional de características combinadas acima e abaixo do solo reduz o sucesso da invasão, lançando luz sobre um papel pouco explorado da diversidade de CER. Os efeitos competitivos e facilitadores de diferentes espécies nativas destacam a necessidade de uma seleção cuidadosa das espécies a serem utilizadas em programas de restauração. Além disso, a ausência de interação entre diversidade e tipos de solo destaca a necessidade de um manejo integrado da composição funcional e dos fatores edáficos para aumentar a resistência à invasão nessas comunidades gramíneas neotropicais.
Our results show that greater functional diversity of combined above‐ and below‐ground traits reduces invasion success, shedding light on an underexplored role of specific root length diversity. The competitive and facilitative effects of different native species highlight the need for careful selection of the species to be used in restoration programmes. Furthermore, the absence of interaction between diversity and soil types highlights the need for an integrated management of the functional composition and edaphic factors to increase resistance to invasion in these Neotropical grass communities.
China is the world's largest emitter of anthropogenic air pollutants, and measurable amounts of Chinese pollution are transported via the atmosphere to other countries, including the United States. ...However, a large fraction of Chinese emissions is due to manufacture of goods for foreign consumption. Here, we analyze the impacts of trade-related Chinese air pollutant emissions on the global atmospheric environment, linking an economic-emission analysis and atmospheric chemical transport modeling. We find that in 2006, 36% of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide, 27% of nitrogen oxides, 22% of carbon monoxide, and 17% of black carbon emitted in China were associated with production of goods for export. For each of these pollutants, about 21% of export-related Chinese emissions were attributed to China-to-US export. Atmospheric modeling shows that transport of the export-related Chinese pollution contributed 3–10% of annual mean surface sulfate concentrations and 0.5–1.5% of ozone over the western United States in 2006. This Chinese pollution also resulted in one extra day or more of noncompliance with the US ozone standard in 2006 over the Los Angeles area and many regions in the eastern United States. On a daily basis, the export-related Chinese pollution contributed, at a maximum, 12–24% of sulfate concentrations over the western United States. As the United States outsourced manufacturing to China, sulfate pollution in 2006 increased in the western United States but decreased in the eastern United States, reflecting the competing effect between enhanced transport of Chinese pollution and reduced US emissions. Our findings are relevant to international efforts to reduce transboundary air pollution.
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