This paper presents a study of controlled reproduction effectiveness of carp from the Hungarian breeding line W, one of the most valuable lines at the Gołysz Institute of Ichthyobiology & Aquaculture ...(Polish Academy of Sciences). Ovulation was induced using: CPH (0.3 + 2.7 mg kg−1BW), CPH + Ovopel (0.3 mg kg−1 + 1 pellet kg−1), Ovopel+CPH (1/5 pellet+2.7 mg kg−1), Ovopel (1 dose: 1 pellet kg−1), Ovopel (2 dose: 1/5 + 1 pellet kg−1), hCG + CPH (1200 IU kg−1 + 1.2 mg kg−1), PMSG (2000 IU kg−1), PMSG+CPH (2000 IU kg−1 + 1.2 mg kg−1), Dagin (1 standard dose kg−1), Ovaprim (0.5 mL kg−1), mGnRH-a + MET (20 μg kg−1 + 10 mg kg−1). The highest percentage of ovulating females was recorded after administering PMSG+CPH (100%), CPH + Ovopel (81.8%) and mGnRH-a + MET (80%), while the lowest was in the case of hCG + CPH and PMSG treatments (62.5%).
It was demonstrated the treatment significantly determined the weight of eggs collected (expressed in g and in % of female's body weight), fertilization rate (after 12 h incubation) and the percentage of living embryos (after 24 h and 36 h), as well as the number of eggs and number of living embryos (after 36 h). Eggs of the highest weight were collected from females treated with mGnRH-a + MET (1270 g) or Ovaprim (1230 g) (however, following the Ovaprim treatment, a considerable decrease in egg quality during incubation was recorded), while eggs of the lowest weight were collected after Ovopel (1 dose) (356 g) and after Dagin (431 g) treatments. The highest number of living embryos after 36 h incubation was recorded after administering mGnRH-a + MET, hCG + CPH, CPH and Ovaprim (667,100; 497,800; 473,100; 447,500, respectively), while the lowest was after Dagin (112, 600) and after Ovopel (1 dose) (139,800) treatments. The prediction of the number of living embryos based on the resolved regression equation was the most precise in the case of Ovopel (2 doses), PMSG+CPH, Dagin, mGnRH-a + MET and Ovopel (1 dose) treatments (R2 = 0.99; 0.99; 0.99; 0.98; 0.97, respectively), and the least precise in the case of hCG + CPH and Ovaprim treatments (R2 = 0.72 and 0.72). Based on the sum of ranks calculated for all 11 treatments and assigned to the percentage of ovulating females and the number of living embryos (after 36 h), it was found that the best scores were attained by mGnRH-a + MET, PMSG+CPH, Ovaprim and Ovopel (2 dose) treatments, while the poorest by Dagin and Ovopel (1 dose) treatments.
•Effects of carp propagation after inducing ovulation with 7 agents were studied.•The best results were noted after treatment with mGnRHa, hCG + CPH, Ovaprim or Ovopel (2 doses).•The results of the study may help in making the best choice of carp ovulation stimulators.
Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) disease induced by CyHV-1 (Cyvirus cyprinidallo1) causes mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and formation of tumors on the skin of infection-tolerant fish. ...Similar to other viruses in the Orthoherpesviridae family, CyHV-1 appears to establish latent infections. However, information regarding the mechanisms of genetic conservation for a prolonged period and tumorigenesis by CyHV-1 is limited. Here, we aimed to reveal i) potential tissues where the virus establishes persistent infection, and ii) the transcriptome characteristics of tumors formed in common carp infected with CyHV-1. In fish experimentally infected with the virus, the presence of the viral genome was observed in kidney, spleen, and gill tissue at 300 days post injection, a long time after the injection. This result suggests that CyHV-1 may utilize one or more of these tissues for its persistency. In fish naturally infected with CyHV-1 at a fish farm, transcriptome analysis showed substantial quantities of viral transcripts in tumor tissue. Of the 5 most abundant viral transcripts expressed in the tumor tissue, 4 transcripts (ORF81, ORF78, ORF31, and ORF72) are believed to encode virion proteins. This indicates the virus was active in the tumor tissue. Pathways altered in tumor tissue included those related to viral infection or cancer cells, suggesting that viral infection and tumor formation affect the metabolism of the host. This study is the first to report the likely persistent tissues of CyHV-1 and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor formation caused by an oncogenic virus in fish. These findings contribute to the development of quarantine measures for CyHV-1 and provide insights into the oncogenic mechanism of fish viruses.
•CyHV-1 DNA was detected in immune tissue of carp at least 300 days post infection.•The virus was propagated actively in tumor tissue of virus-infected fish.•Metabolic pathways were disturbed in the tumor tissue.
The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of the combination of medicinal herbs extracts (CMO: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), common mallow (Malva sylvestris), and oak ...acorn (Quercus brantii)) on growth, digestive enzymes activity, immune parameters, and disease resistance in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. A total number of three hundred fish (20.80 ± 0.25 g) were randomly attributed to five treatments fed with diets containing 0 (control), 0.5%, 1%, 3%, and 5% of CMO for a period of 60 days then were challenged with A. hydrophila infection. Based on the results, there were significant differences in all growth parameters, including final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and food conversion ratio (FCR) between CMO supplemented fish and control with the maximum values in the 5% CMO treatment (P < 0.05). Despite the control fish, no mortality was observed in CMO treatments (P < 0.05). CMO diets increased red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (HB), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), while decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Feeding the fish with CMO diets markedly increased total protein, albumin, and globulin values, while triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, and cortisol decreased (P < 0.05). Antioxidant biomarkers in CMO-fed fish were significantly higher than those of the control group. Immune parameters in serum and mucus including lysozyme, total immunoglobulin (Total Ig), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), alternative complement activity (ACH50), protease, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in CMO-fed fish compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The highest and the lowest survival rates following a challenge with A. hydrophila were observed in 3% CMO and the control treatments, respectively. Polynomial regression analysis showed that the the best recommended inclusion level of CMO was 1% to maximize growth performance and improved feed conversion values. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the 3% CMO could elevate the growth, immune systems, antioxidant activity, and resistance to A. hydrophila in common carp.
•Combined medicinal herbs extracts improved carp growth performance.•Carps fed Combined medicinal herbs extracts showed higher digestive enzyme activity.•Immune and antioxidant status were improved in carps fed Combined medicinal herbs extracts.•Combined medicinal herbs extracts increased carp resistance against A. hydrophila.
Cadmium (Cd) is a primary environmental pollutant which causes the immune dysfunction of aquatic animals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in programmed necrosis and apoptosis of immune organs. ...Selenium (Se), known as an important element, can antagonize Cd toxicity in birds, but the impact of Se on common carps (Cyprinus carpio) has not been reported. To investigate the Cd-induced immunotoxicity mechanism mediated by miR-216a in splenic lymphocytes of common carp and antagonized by Se, we extracted lymphocytes from the spleen and divided them into control group, Se group (10−6 mol/L of Na2SeO3), Se + Cd group and Cd group (4 × 10−5 mol/L of CdCl2). After 6 h of incubation, AO/EB staining, Flow cytometry, qPCR and Western blot were performed. The results showed that Cd exposure caused the apoptosis (BAX, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, Caspase 9) and programmed necrosis (RIP, RIP3, MLKL) in lymphocytes, increased the expression of CYP enzymes, glycometabolism-related enzymes and production of ROS, while irritated the oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH-PX), upregulated the expression of miR-216a which attenuated the levels of PI3K. However, those variations were apparently mitigated in the Se + Cd group. In short, we have proven that Cd activates oxidative stress and miR-216a-PI3K/AKT axis disorder, thus promoting apoptosis and necrosis in lymphocytes. Moreover, Se can antagonize Cd-triggered apoptosis and necrosis in lymphocytes.
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•Identifying the targeting relationship between miR-216a and PI3K/AKT in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).•Cadmium promotes ROS-dependent apoptosis and programmed necrosis by regulating miR-126a-PI3K/AKT axis.•Selenium antagonizes toxicological of Cadmium via ROS-dependent oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT pathways.
This study was conducted to evaluate the addition of three levels of cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp), 96 common carp Cyprinus carpio L. at a mean weight of 5±0.15 g/fish on four experimental diets with ...three replicates per treatment 0% with three experimental diets containing 0.75%, 1%, and 1.5% of the total diet 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences in the parameters of the total weight increase, daily growth rate, relative growth rate, protein intake, feed conversion ratio and protein productive value between the control diet and the fish feeding on the fourth diet, meanwhile there were no a significant difference in final weight, food intake, protein efficiency ratio criteria. Chemical body analysis revered there were no a significant difference for dry weight, crude protein and ash, while cinnamon powder added have a significantly differences in body fat deposited. Based on the above results, 1.5% cinnamon can be added can improve the growth performance and nutritional value of common carp fish.
This current study aimed to study the effect of adding blue-green algae (Spirulina), symbiotic (poultry star®me) at a ratio of 1 to 2% and colistin antibiotic to the control diet of common carp fish ...reared in glass aquariums for 56 days terms of three replicates for each treatment. The growth results showed that the fish fed on the third diet was significantly superior to the fish fed on the other experimental diets in the rate of total and daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feeding efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio criteria over all other experimental diets except for the second diet, 1% spirulina. The fish fed on the second diet significantly outperformed in the precipitated protein criterion and the protein productive value of all the experimental diets under study. The value of crude protein in the edible portion increased significantly when fish were fed on spirulina, symbiotic and antibiotic diets, compared to the control diet, while the percentage of fats in the fish fed on diets containing the food additives under test decreased significantly compared to the control diet. No significant differences were recorded in the percentage of ash. It is evident from what was mentioned above that the best results of the studied criteria were when adding spirulina at had positive effects on growth criteria and food utilization.
A blend of medicinal herbs extracts (BHE) obtained from Thymus vulgaris, Origanum majorana, and Satureja hortensis fed to common carp (20.57 ± 0.66 g; mean ± S.D.) at five incremental levels of 0 ...(control), 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of diet for 60 days. At the end of the study, final body weight, body weight increment, specific growth rate, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio were significantly better in the groups fed 1 and 2% BHE relative to the control (P ≤ 0.05), and the best values were recorded for fish fed the diet containing 1% BHE. According to the results, serum total protein and albumin values showed significant enhancements by 1–3% BHE compared with the control (P ≤ 0.05). However, globulin concentrations were not affected by BHE inclusion (P ≥ 0.05). Interestingly, all experimental groups fed with BHE-supplemented diets presented profound declines in terms of serum cortisol, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations as compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05). Further, incorporating BHE at levels higher than 1% reduced alanine aminotransferase activity (P ≤ 0.05). The superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly intensified in serum by diets supplemented with 1–3% BHE than the control (P ≤ 0.05). In comparison, malondialdehyde contents were dose-dependently diminished upon BHE additive (P ≤ 0.05). Significantly higher levels of serum lysozyme (LYZ) activity and mucosal total immunoglobulins (Ig) were found in the 2% BHE group relative to the control, 0.5, or 3% BHE treatments (P ≤ 0.05). The highest levels of serum total Ig and alternative complement activity (ACH50) activity as well as skin mucus LYZ activity were observed in 1% BHE treatment. However, no remarkable differences were detected among treatments for mucus ACH50 activity (P ≥ 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity showed significant improvements in BHE-supplemented groups as compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05), with the 2% BHE had notably higher ALP activity than 3% BHE (P ≤ 0.05). Meanwhile, 1 and 2% BHE resulted in significantly enhanced skin mucus protease activities than the control and 0.5% BHE (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, 1% BHE supplementation was the most optimum dosage favorably improved feed efficiency, growth performance, immunological responses, and antioxidant status of common carp.
•T. vulgaris, O. majorana, and S. hortensis blended extracts (BHE) enhanced growth and feed utilization in common carp.•Dietary BHE positively altered serum biochemistry and fish health condition.•Serum and skin mucus immune and antioxidant responses were beneficially improved by BHE supplementation.•1% BHE was the most optimum level.
Hybridization can combine the advantages of different strains to produce new varieties, which may also improve the quality of fish. Triploid common carp (3n = 150) were derived from the female ...diploid common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (2n = 100) crossing with the male allotetraploid (4n = 200). Nutritional value and flavor quality were investigated in triploid and diploid common carps fed with the same diet for 13 weeks. Results indicated that the triploid common carp exhibited significantly higher levels of crude protein, essential and total amino acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs in muscle than the diploid common carps (P < 0.05). Additionally, the concentration of sour and bitter amino acid in the muscle of triploid common carp significantly decreased than that in diploid (P < 0.05). Triploid common carp had significantly higher concentration of salt amino acid (P < 0.05) and kept unchanged the content of sweet and umami amino acid than diploid (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the characteristic volatile compounds which including styrene, ethylbenzene, butylated hydroxytoluene, 1-octen-3-ol and (Z)-β-ocimene were screened in the muscle of diploid and triploid common carps, of which styrene and 1-octen-3-ol were the odor-active compounds. Triploid common carp had significantly higher concentration of styrene and 1-octen-3-ol than diploid (P < 0.05), of which 1-octen-3-ol was the highest odor-active compound in triploid. These findings demonstrated that the triploid common carp had improved nutritional and flavor quality, which provided a novel insight for the application of hybridization in fish quality improvement.
•Triploid common carp was derived from Cyprinus carpio crossing with allotetraploid.•Higher content of EPA, DHA and EAAs were accumulated in muscle of triploid common carp.•Unpleasant taste was decreased in muscle of triploid common carp.•Nutritional value and flavor quality of common carp muscle could be improved by hybridization.
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