The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of polyphenols extracted from chestnut and olive mill wastewater on growth performance, skin mucus, and serum immune parameters as well as ...antioxidant defence in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) juveniles. For this purpose, common carp juveniles (15 ± 0.3 g) were fed experimental diets containing different levels 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% of polyphenols for 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, the growth parameters, haematological parameters, serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity, and total antioxidant activity were measured in mucus and serum samples. The growth parameters revealed a significant increase in fish fed polyphenols containing diets compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the feed conversion ratio of fish fed polyphenols was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. The serum and mucus total immunoglobulin (Ig) in fish fed polyphenols showed a significant increase compared to the control treatment with maximum values in fish fed 0.2% polyphenols extract. Also, the activity of lysozyme in skin mucus was significantly increased in fish fed 0.2% polyphenols (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, RBC and WBC count were significantly increased and mean cell volume (MCV) decreased in treated groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The serum antioxidant activity expressed by catalase and serum peroxidase activity was significantly increased in fish fed with diets supplemented with polyphenols with respect to the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the present study confirm the beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols on growth performance, immune parameters, and antioxidant defenc of common carp.
•Dietary polyphenols improved growth performance and feeding efficiency in common carp.•The skin mucus total protein and Ig were increase in polyphenol fed C. carpio.•Serum immune parameters affected by feeding with dietary polyphenol.•Dietary polyphenol improved antioxidant defence in common carp.
This study aimed to assess the toxicity effects of chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid, alone and in combination, on oxidative biomarkers and blood biochemistry of Cyprinus carpio. A total of 324 common ...carp (Cyprinus carpio) were distributed among 27 tanks and exposed to concentrations of 0.0, 100, and 200 μg L−1 of chlorpyrifos and 0.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μg L−1 of imidacloprid for 28 days. Changes in enzyme activities in the plasma of fish exposed to chlorpyrifos depended on the dose. In contrast, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were significantly increased in fish exposed to imidacloprid, alone and in combination with chlorpyrifos. However, the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was significantly decreased. Exposure to imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination, increased glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine levels, whereas total protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) was significantly increased, while glutathione reductase (GR) was significantly decreased. Additionally, although the total antioxidant capacity (TAN) was significantly decreased, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased after exposure to imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination. In conclusion, exposure to imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination, induced oxidative stress and altered blood biochemistry in carp fish. Moreover, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos had synergistic effects on some oxidative and biochemical biomarkers.
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•The toxicity of chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid, alone and combined, on fish was assayed.•Chlorpyrifos exposure led to dose-dependent blood biochemistry changes.•Imidacloprid exposure changed blood biochemical parameters.•Exposure to chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid, alone and combined, induced oxidative stress.•Combined exposure of both pesticides showed synergistic effects on all biomarkers.
•Transcriptome and metabolome levels of fish gill were triggered by AgNPs after a 24 h exposure.•Most of DEGs and DMs induced by AgNPs can return to control levels after a 7-day ...recovery.•Morphological changes in gills are reversible after removing the toxicant.•The TCA cycle was one of the key pathways of AgNPs toxicity in the gills.•Released Ag+ was less toxic than silver nanoparticles.
Toxic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on fish gills have been widely reported but the recoverability of AgNPs-induced fish gill injuries is still unknown. In this study, combined multiomics and conventional toxicological analytical methods were used to investigate the changes in the gills of common carp responses to AgNPs (0.1 mg/L) toxicity after 24 h exposure and 7-day recovery. Conventional toxicological results showed that AgNPs exposure significantly increased silver content in gills and caused epithelial hyperplasia and lamellar fusion. After the recovery period, the silver content in fish gills significantly decreased; accompanied by the disappearance of histopathological characteristics in fish gills. Multiomics results revealed that AgNPs exposure resulted in the differential expression of 687 genes and 96 metabolites in fish gills. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites mainly participate in amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolisms, and are significantly enriched in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. After the recovery period, the number of DEGs and metabolites in gills decreased to 33 and 90, respectively. Moreover, DEGs and metabolites in the TCA cycle recovered to control levels. In summary, the present study found that AgNPs-induced fish gill toxicity showed potential recoverability at molecular and phenotype levels.
The experiments carried on ponds of CCDP Nucet, researches being axled on comparative and comprehensive analysis of pathologic incidences on common and Japanese carp. This researches present ...theoretical and empirical convenience, because allow to elaborate of prophylaxis and disease control on. The ichthyo-pathologic exam was carried on for 271 exemplars of common carp, subspecies Cyprinus carpio carpio and 31 exemplars of ornamental carp (koi carp). There were identified 30 species of allogenic parasites, 9 species of parasites characteristic for carp as well as some common species of parasites with broad dissemination on cultured fish. All analyzed exemplars of showed parasitic infestation, but with a different extent of extensively and intensively. The most important epidemiologic factors from the analyzed ponds that increase the parasitic invasions were represented by the presence of infested fish, rearing in policulture of species and ages, as well as by the high density, water quality, thermic and flow fluctuations.
The techniques of carp culture are highly diversified, ranging from the extensive production in pond or open water with no fertilization or supplemental feeding to highly intensive systems in ...concrete tanks or cages. Among the different carp species, common carp is the best species reared in intensive monoculture, the others (Chinese and Indian carps) being usually cultivated in polyculture (P. Kestemont, 1995). An experiment was conducted in inside recirculation system conditions to identify the technological performances on carp growth and survival at the Fishing and Aquaculture Department, Galati, during winter period (February, 2007 – March, 2007). The 1-year-old carp (Cyprinus carpio) 4792g; 4594 g; 4561 g and 4525 g (total weight) grew to 7384g; 7017g; 6924g and 7125 g in 44 days in aquarium 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In all aquariums, the fish appeared healthy and no mortality was observed. Feed conversion efficiencies (FCE) had similar values among all aquariums, the highest FCE being found in B4 aquarium with 1, 57 value. Water quality parameters were acceptable range for fish culture. Results show that the carp rearing during winter period in the inside recirculation system is a very good economic solution.
The common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is the third most cultivated freshwater species worldwide, but is also considered an invasive species. The Trojan Y chromosome strategy is one of the most promising ...methods to eradicate this invasive species. However, obtaining fertile YY supermale (MYY) and YY physiological female (FYY) common carp was thought to be very difficult. The present study focused on the production of androgenetic MYY and XY physiological female (FXY) common carp. We first optimized the conditions for artificially induced androgenesis. The results indicated that the optimum ultraviolet (UV) exposure time was 4 min at an irradiation distance of 26 cm and the optimum initiation time with heat shock (40 ± 0.5 C for 2 min) was 30 min after fertilization. Then, we produced androgenetic MYY Yellow River carp with only paternal inheritance, which were viable and identified by paternity testing and test crossing. Finally, we successfully produced FXY Yellow River carp by feeding 60‐d‐old MXY with commercially available feed mixed with 17β‐estradiol (200 mg/kg) and Flutamide (200 mg/kg) for 3 mo. In conclusion, by combining artificially induced androgenesis with an artificially induced sex reversal technique, we could cost‐effectively produce MYY and FXY common carp.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lufenuron as new practical pesticide on the health of one important fish species in aquaculture, common carp. The LC50 of lufenuron after 96 h was ...1.089 mg/L in juvenile common carp (48 ± 4.25 g in weight). Behavior and mortality were investigated during the acute toxicity. The fish showed loss of equilibrium, erratic and lateral swimming and motionless. To determine the chronic effects of lufenuron, the fish distributed into 8 tanks as two treatments (4 tanks per treatment). They were exposed to 0 (control) and lufenuron (0.1 mg/L; 10% LC50-96 h concentration) and sampled at 7th and 21st days for blood biochemical analyses and at 21st day foe liver histopathological examinations. Plasma total protein and globulin levels of the lufenuron-exposed fish decreased significantly compared to the control fish. Lufenuron exposure increased plasma ALP, ALT and AST activities compared to the control group. Sampling time and lufenuron exposure had interaction effect on the plasma LDH activity. The plasma LDH activity of the lufenuron-exposed fish increased after 7 days exposure compared to the control group, but showed no significant difference compared to the control group after 21 days. The plasma T3 level declined in the lufenuron-exposed fish without significant changes in the plasma T4 levels. The plasma SOD activity in the lufenuron-exposed fish increased compared to the control group at the first sampling time, but there was no significant difference in the plasma SOD activities of the lufenuron-exposed and control fish after 21 days. Lufenuron exposure and sampling time had no independent or interaction effects of the plasma CAT activities. Plasma TBARS levels of the lufenuron-exposed fish had no significant difference compared to the control group after 7 day, but significantly increased after 21 days lufenuron exposure. Hepatocyte necrosis, melanomacrophage aggregates and sinusoidal space expansion were observed in the liver samples of the lufenuron-exposed fish.
•Toxic effects of lufenuron were studied on common carp.•Lufenuron decreased plasma proteins of common carp.•Lufenuron increased plasma ALT, AST and LDH of common carp and cause liver histopathological injuries.•Antioxidant system of common carp was affected by lufenuron exposure.•Thyroid hormones was affected by lufenuron exposure.
Harmful effects of heavy metals are myriad. Lead (Pb) from soil and atmosphere contaminates water bodies and affects the aquatic animals. Our previous study confirmed the
probiotic potential of
...against Pb toxicity, but further investigation is necessary for gaining insights into the related protection mode. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effects of the potential probiotic
P16 against waterborne Pb exposure-induced toxicity in the freshwater fish
. Fish (average weight: 23.16 ± 0.73 g) were allocated to four groups (control, Pb only, Pb +
P16, and
P16 only) and Pb groups were exposed to waterborne Pb (1 mg L
) for 6 weeks.
P16 (10
CFU g
) supplemented diet was provided twice daily. Growth performances, hemato-biochemical parameters, innate immune responses, intestinal microbiota, and Pb accumulation in tissues were measured at the end of the trial. When the fish were exposed to Pb, dietary supplementation of
P16 effectively decreased mortality and accumulation of Pb in tissues, and improved the growth performance. Co-treatment with Pb and
P16 alleviated Pb exposure-induced oxidative stress, reversed alterations in hemato-biochemical parameters, improved innate immune parameters, and restored intestinal enzymatic activities. Moreover,
P16 supplementation reversed the changes in intestinal microbiota in Pb-exposed fish. Furthermore, Pb exposure decreased the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). However, the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) increased, which might have increased the cellular stress. Interestingly, the Pb-induced alterations of gene expressions were reversed by
P16 supplementation. Thus, dietary administration of the potential probiotic
P16 had several beneficial effects on growth performance and immune responses, decreased Pb accumulation in tissues, and reversed alterations in hematological responses of
. Furthermore, it offered direct protection against Pb-induced oxidative stress. Therefore,
P16 may be a novel dietary supplement for enhancing growth performance and preventing Pb-exposure-induced toxicity in fish in aquaculture and aquatic products.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different doses of selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) on growth performance, feed conversion, tissue composition, Se accumulation in muscle and liver, ...antioxidant response and biochemical blood parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Nano-Se was added to the experimental basal diets at the rates of 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2mg/kg dry feed weight. Four groups of fish with an average weight of about 10g were fed one of the experimental diets for 8weeks. Fish that were fed diet supplemented with 1mg Se/kg displayed improved (P<0.05) growth performance, including final weight and weight gain (WG). No significant differences (P>0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival were observed in fish fed different diets for 8weeks. Dietary nano-Se had no effects on proximate composition of carps. Fish fed with nanoselenium-supplemented diets showed a higher (P<0.05) Se content in the muscle and liver tissues compared to that of the control. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly (P<0.05) lowered in fish fed on diet supplemented with 2mg nano-Se/kg, whereas the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in livers of carp fed on diet supplemented with 2mg nano-Se was significantly (P<0.05) higher as compared to other experimental diets. The highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in fish fed on 2mg nano-Se, but it was not significantly (P>0.05) different from the enzyme activity in the 1mg nano-Se group. Fish fed on diet supplemented with 2mg nano-Se showed significantly (P<0.05) higher total protein and globulin contents but lower albumin level. The serum cholesterol level was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in fish fed diets containing 2mg nano-Se/kg. No significant difference (P>0.05) in serum triglycerides was observed in fish fed different diets. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was observed in groups receiving 1 and 2mg nano-Se/kg, whereas serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher in carp fed on diet with 2mg nano-Se/kg. Fish fed on 1 and 2mg nano-Se/kg diets exhibited the highest values of aspartate transaminase (AST) activity as compared to other treatments. The activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in fish fed on 2mg nano-Se/kg as compared to other test groups. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity among the experimental groups. Therefore, the data of the present study recommend adding 1mg nano-Se per kg diet to improve fish growth and antioxidant defense system.
The data of the present study recommend adding 1mg nano-Se per kg diet to improve carp growth and antioxidant defense system.
•Effects of dietary nanoselenium (nano-Se) on common carp were investigated.•Fish that were fed with 1mg nano-Se/kg displayed improved growth performance•Fish that were fed with nano-Se diets, showed higher Se accumulation.•One milligram nano-Se per kg diet can improve fish growth and antioxidant defense system.
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