Introducción: Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar el impacto de la pandemia de Covid-19 en los hábitos y el consumo de medios en España, uno de los países más gravemente afectados. Metodología: ...Se realizó una encuesta en línea representativa de la población española (N= 1,500 participantes) del 13 al 30 de marzo del 2020, coincidiendo con las primeras semanas de confinamiento en el hogar. La muestra se estudió según dos variables, género (mujeres N= 750; hombres N= 750) y edad (18-39 años N = 720 y más de 40 años N = 780) para detectar las especificidades más relevantes de cada colectivo. El error muestral es del ±4,38% al 95% de confianza. Resultados: La televisión destaca como el medio más utilizado a la hora de informarse sobre el virus, por delante de los medios digitales. Cabe destacar también que programas televisivos tipo “infoshows” consiguen acumular más audiencia que los informativos tradicionales. Los medios menos utilizados para informarse sobre la evolución del Covid-19 serían internet, redes sociales, radio, información proporcionada por familiares o conocidos y prensa en papel. Aunque no destaca el consumo de la radio para mantenerse informado, este medio es considerado como el más creíble, conjuntamente con la televisión. Por último, el consumo de las plataformas “over-the-top” (OTT) ha crecido de forma considerable durante este periodo. Discusión y conclusiones: La televisión recupera así la audiencia de los más jóvenes que parecía haber perdido a favor de los medios digitales, consolidando un panorama mediático cada vez más complejo y competitivo.
In the article, a theoretical analysis of the study of crisis states and the methodological foundations of crisis psychotherapy, taking into account foreign and domestic experience, is carried out. ...Based on the results of empirical studies, modern foreign and domestic researchers have established that crisis conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic are accompanied by suicidal reactions, depression, neurotic conditions with post-traumatic stress disorders, exacerbation of psychosomatic diseases, psychopathological disorders.Psychological approaches in psychotherapy together with crisis psycho-psychotherapeutic interventions for working with acute crisis states and crisis psychotherapy of clients in the post-quarantine period are considered.The concepts of a crisis state, the features of the influence of "covid" psychotrauma on the mental and psychological health of a person, and the provision of psychological assistance in crisis situations during the COVID-19 pandemic are described in detail. It is noted that in working with crisis conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, modern foreign and Ukrainian specialists prefer cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.At the theoretical and methodological level, it has been proved that psychotherapy of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is close to crisis psychotherapy and is aimed at reintegration of mental activity disturbed by the "conductive" psychotrauma and restoration of psychological adaptation to a certain extent.The psychotherapeutic model of psychological crisis intervention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is based on a biopsychosocial approach and requires a comprehensive and integrated use of crisis psychotherapy methods with the integration of neuropsychotic methods and Internet technologies into the entire therapy process.
The main purpose of the article is to identify key factors of adaptive potential that can have a significant impact on counteracting crisis situations and increasing the level of financial security ...and business resilience of enterprises. The object of the study is determination of the factors of adaptive potential that directly affect the system of financial security and business sustainability of a enterprise. The scientific task is to model the hierarchical ordering of the key factors of adaptive potential according to the level of their significance in influencing crisis situations in the context of ensuring the financial security and business sustainability of enterprises. The research methodology involves the use of expert analysis methods with the additional use of the Delphi method, the method of hierarchical analysis, and graph theory. As a result of the study, a list of the most significant factors of adaptive potential for countering crisis situations was presented. As a result, the factors of adaptive potential are hierarchically ordered from the most significant to the least significant in ensuring the financial security of the enterprise. The innovativeness of the results obtained is revealed through the proposed approach to modeling the determination and order of factors of adaptive potential to counteract crisis situations. The study is limited by not taking into account the specifics of specific enterprises. Prospects for further research are aimed at taking into account the specific type of activity of enterprises for a specific country.
The article deals with the mobility during crisis situations. In these situations, there is not always possible to use the roads or ways and the vehicles have to move on different areas, mostly on ...terrain like meadows, forests etc. That is why we should be able to evaluate whether the terrain is traffiacable or not, whether the vehicles mire or not. The approaches of evaluating the terrain traffiability are described here as well as the instruments used for these purposes, procedures of measuring and calculations. Another aim of this article is to apprise with the means for negotiation the low endurable terrain – traditional wooden and perspective mats.
This paper was created as part of the project "Trešnjevka Wrestlers for Civil Society Sports Organizations (SOCD) in Crisis Situations." with a specific ambition - to pursue improving the capacity of ...civil society organizations to respond to the needs of the local community in crisis situations. For this purpose and as one of the project activities, the mapping of the needs of different groups of athletes and sports workers of the City of Zagreb and the Republic of Croatia during the crises of Covid – 19 and the earthquake is carried out. This research used a qualitative approach that includes focus group pre-research. To ensure broad coverage of the researched topic and for the purpose of heterogeneity, research deliberately focused on 17 different groups of sport. The structure of pre-research participants who were selected intentionally from 17 sports resulted in a total of 17 athletes. All respondents are athletes and adults who have consented to participate in the survey. Qualitative research was conducted through pre-questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and the survey was guided from February to April 2022. Each athlete belonging to a defined sports community (club or federation) was examined separately. Respondents were introduced to the aim of the research and general questions asked and were also informed about the confidentiality of the answers. Collected data materials were processed by comparative analysis. Alternate observation of the responses, similarities and differences among them, and according to the superior aspect of the research (improving the capacity of civil society organizations to provide an effective response to the needs of the local community in crisis situations) along with the intensity of life quality for athletes managing sport during the pandemic, led to the following question: What needs have been identified by different groups of athletes of the City of Zagreb and the Republic of Croatia during crises (Covid - 19 and earthquakes)? The most frequent declarations are associated with impaired training continuity or suspension of training due to epidemiological measures and earthquake-damaged infrastructure, cancellation of the competitions and a decrease in motivation.
The article talks about the personality-oriented approach of postmodern practical psychology to counseling a crisis client. Coping strategies for overcoming a life crisis by a person at the ...cognitive, emotional and behavioral levels are analyzed. Based on the consideration of practical work with crisis clients, algorithms for overcoming a crisis situation in the form of stages and phases of its experience are highlighted. The important role of neuropsychological correction at the first stage of work with the client is emphasized. Theoretical and methodological provisions of postmodern psychotherapy and practical psychology on the features of psychological support of a crisis client, taking into account his personal resource. The variability of the personality as one of its fundamental properties and the psychological mechanism providing a flexible choice of coping strategies, process of adaptation to conditions of crisis situation are considered. It is revealed that in the conditions of overcoming the life crisis there are personal transformations as expression and development of specific personal characteristics and properties. The model of overcoming a life crisis situation by an individual in the context of postmodern practical psychology is presented. In the presented author’s model of overcoming the personal crisis the postmodernist, personality-oriented and phenomenological approaches are applied.
It has been established that one of the necessary steps in the direction of ensuring national security and citizens’ protection of rights and freedoms is strengthening the institutional, defense and ...security capabilities of bodies belonging to the security and defense sector. In this regard, it has been argued that a necessary prerequisite for national security is to ensure quality training of specialists for the security and defense sector, which will be able to respond in a timely manner to various crises.
The current state of such personnel training has been characterized. The range of problematic issues on the agenda of the security and defense sector in the direction of improving the efficiency of its operation and improving education has been identified. It has been established that due to the fact that training for security and defense sector bodies is carried out in higher education institutions with specific training conditions subordinated to the relevant central executive bodies, a situation of double subordination arises: these higher education institutions are simultaneously subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as well as they must comply with the requirements of the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education. The attention has been focused on the discussion that arises in connection with such subordination. In this regard, it has been argued the need to develop a Concept of personnel training for the security and defense sector of Ukraine and outlined the range of issues that should be reflected in it.
Emphasis has been placed on the need to update the approaches to personnel preparation for the security and defense sector through the introduction of an integrated education system for security and defense staff, within which the principles of specialization and individualization of the personnel training aimed at improving the professional level of specialists should be observed and the introduction of a qualitatively new culture of personnel safety based on the principles and standards of the European Union and NATO.
It has been emphasized that special attention during training for the security and defense sector staff should be paid to the study of possible scenarios of internal and external threats to national security.
It has been argued that to ensure quality personnel training for the security and defense sector, it is important to form a quality system of recruitment and staffing of security and defense forces with professional staff, updating approaches to the selection procedure (both professional and psychological, moral) of candidates for service in the security and defense sector; improving the quality of training of scientific personnel who have special knowledge, skills, abilities and methods necessary to solve problems related to the functioning of the security and defense sector; strengthening practical training, in particular conducting trainings focused on providing practical skills and abilities to resolve conflicts without the use of special tools and weapons; improving the quality and intensity of joint training of defense forces to conduct strategic actions.
The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of a situational crisis resulting in emotional destabilization. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the level of anxiety and anger in medical students ...during the early adaptation to the situational crisis, and to estimate the risk factors for fear and anger in this group.
Participants were 949 medical students (M = 22.88, SD = 4.10) in the first stage on March 2020, and 748 (M = 22.57, SD = 3.79) in the second stage on June 2020. The STAI, STAXI-2, and our own questionnaire were used.
First vs the second stage: anxiety state (
< 0.001), anger state (
= 0.326), and feeling angry (
< 0.05). The regression model (F(14.1681) = 79.01,
< 0.001) for the level of anxiety state explains 39% of the dependent variable variance (
= 0.39). The model for the anger-state level (F(6.1689) = 68.04,
< 0.001)-19% (
= 0.19).
During the early adaptation to the situational crisis, the general level of anxiety decreased, but anger was at the same level. The anxiety was explained by contact with potentially or objective infected persons, and the level of anger was based on the need for greater social support.
This paper offers an analysis of the mission and role of municipalities in the Czech national crisis management system. The paper clarifies the nature of population protection within the national ...security system accentuating resource availability. The significance of local municipal budgets as the baseline to crisis solution support within the administered area is discussed. The problem is not the system of budgets or the budgeting system itself at the level of local government. The key issue, however, is the determination of budget resources, which are primarily predetermined ex ante for the crisis prevention resolution phase. Current legislation does not address this requirement. The authors also point out the fundamental influence of local policy in the allocation of resources in the municipal budget in relation to their political preferences. Therefore, the authors of the article propose the calculation method for the standard minimum amount of financial resources allocated to coping with crises in the municipal budget at their level, as appropriate. The submitted proposal will contribute to guaranteeing a minimum level of preparedness for crisis management in ensuring the safety of all residents.
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