The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Rekis (EU register number RECYC311), which uses the VACUNITE (EREMA basic and ...Polymetrix SSP V‐leaN) technology. The input is hot caustic washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes mainly originating from collected post‐consumer PET containers, with no more than 5% PET from non‐food consumer applications. The flakes are pre‐decontaminated in the ■■■■■ at ■■■■■ under ■■■■■ (step 2) before being extruded, pelletised and ■■■■■ (step 3). The crystallised pellets are then ■■■■■ (step 4) and submitted to solid‐state polycondensation (SSP) (step 5) at ■■■■■, under ■■■■■ and ■■■■■. Having examined the challenge tests provided, the Panel concluded that step 2 as well as steps 4 and 5 are critical for determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance are temperature, pressure and residence time for steps 2, 4 and 5 as well as the gas velocity for steps 4 and 5. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs, including drinking water, for long‐term storage at room temperature or below, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.
The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Drava International (EU register number RECYC217), which uses the Starlinger ...deCON technology. The input material is hot washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post‐consumer PET containers, e.g. bottles, including no more than 5% PET from non‐food consumer applications. The flakes are preheated before being submitted to solid‐state polycondensation (SSP) in a reactor at high temperature under vacuum and ■■■■■ Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that the preheating (step 2) and the decontamination in the ■■■■■ SSP reactor (step 3) are critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of these critical steps are temperature, pressure, residence time and ■■■■■ It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure a level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not considered to be of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long‐term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave or conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.
The core of the work is a positive-legal analysis of the arbitrability of the exclusion of an LLC member. To justify the positive attitude towards the arbitrability of these proceedings, German ...jurisprudence and court practice were analysed, since they have been proven to be the most fruitful creators and shapers of the subject of arbitrability in company law and, as the most significant authority on this issue, have created over the years, a series of relevant works and decisions, primarily the trilogy (or tetralogy) of Schiedsfähigkeit/Arbitrability decisions. It has been argued that the possibility of excluding the jurisdiction of courts in proceedings for the exclusion of an LLC member and, instead, of forming an arbitration court is the result of private autonomy in limited liability companies, whose limitations are determined in advance. The paper holds an affirmative position regarding the arbitrability of the exclusion of an LLC member based on the LLC’s articles of organization and the exclusion due to an important reason, because of the objective and subjective arbitrability of the exclusion procedures.
This paper deals with the present status of forest management in the Republic of Croatia with a special reference to forests managed by the company »Hrvatske šume« d.o.o. Zagreb, as well as to aims, ...tasks and methods of state-owned forest management, to conditions and trends in the number of the most significant forest machines used so far in forest harvesting. Also, the ways and activities are described by which »Hrvatske šume« d.o.o., in cooperation with the Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, influence the trend of machine and technology development, as original solutions for meeting particularly demanding conditions of natural forest management.In the Republic of Croatia, the state owns 75% of the total area of forests and forest land, i.e. 2,018,987 ha are managed by »Hrvatske šume« d.o.o. »Hrvatske šume« d.o.o. carry out more than 50% of forest management activities by their own production forces and means. Therefore, the development of machines and technologies is a very significant precondition for improving business efficiency in severe terrain conditions, characterised by specific management methods. Four main criteria of suitability requirements, i.e. suitability of technical-technological solutions, can be singled out: Environmental suitability, Efficiency, Safety, Ergonomic suitability.These criteria have partly been established in line with modern international standards, applicable to conditions in the Republic of Croatia and partly by specific features of management conditions. The influence of »Hrvatske šume« on meeting the above requirements, and direct participation of »Hrvatske šume« in the development of technical-technological solutions suitable for certain conditions, have been shown on examples of development of two types of skidders and tractor assemblies for lowland forest thinning. Efforts are made to meet these requirements through tasks of the scientific-research work projects and in cooperation with the Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, as well as by placing demands on and in cooperation with domestic manufacturers of machines and equipment.
Polazi se od konstatacije da je izbor najpovoljnije tehnologije građenja ključno za postizanje uštede na troškovima te za pojednostavljenje i olakšavanje procesa izvedbe građevina. Prikazuju se ...modeli tehnologije koji se mogu upotrebljavati i na temelju kojih se mogu donositi odluke o izboru najpovolnjijeg načina izvedbe s najmanjim troškovima i traženom kvalitetom. Za provjeru je provedeno ispitivanje primjene u pripremi rada u graditeljskom poduzeću Ptuj d.o.o. u Ptuju.
This paper deals with the present status of forest management in the Republic of Croatia with a special reference to forests managed by the company »Hrvatske šume« d.o.o. Zagreb, as well as to aims, ...tasks and methods of state-owned forest management, to conditions and trends in the number of the most significant forest machines used so far in forest harvesting. Also, the ways and activities are described by which »Hrvatske šume« d.o.o., in cooperation with the Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, influence the trend of machine and technology development, as original solutions for meeting particularly demanding conditions of natural forest management.
In the Republic of Croatia, the state owns 75% of the total area of forests and forest land, i.e. 2,018,987 ha are managed by »Hrvatske šume« d.o.o. »Hrvatske šume« d.o.o. carry out more than 50% of forest management activities by their own production forces and means. Therefore, the development of machines and technologies is a very significant precondition for improving business efficiency in severe terrain conditions, characterised by specific management methods. Four main criteria of suitability requirements, i.e. suitability of technical-technological solutions, can be singled out: Environmental suitability, Efficiency, Safety, Ergonomic suitability.
These criteria have partly been established in line with modern international standards, applicable to conditions in the Republic of Croatia and partly by specific features of management conditions. The influence of »Hrvatske šume« on meeting the above requirements, and direct participation of »Hrvatske šume« in the development of technical-technological solutions suitable for certain conditions, have been shown on examples of development of two types of skidders and tractor assemblies for lowland forest thinning. Efforts are made to meet these requirements through tasks of the scientific-research work projects and in cooperation with the Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, as well as by placing demands on and in cooperation with domestic manufacturers of machines and equipment.
Prilikom podizanja arboretuma kriteriji su za izbor biljaka drugačiji nego prilikom hortikulturnoga oblikovanja nekoga prostora. Ipak, ako se osim znanstvene i edukativne funkcije vodi računa i o ...estetskom izgledu, arboretum će u svako doba godine biti prostor ugodan za boravak, a ne samo skupina eksperimentalnih biljaka. U radu je analizirana dendrološka i hortikulturna vrijednost Arboretuma Lisičine. Analiza je prikazana za svako od dvanaest polja u hortikulturnom dijelu, površine oko 9 ha, koji je pristupačan posjetiteljima. U Domovinskom ratu područje Arboretuma bilo je okupirano i devastirano, a dokumentacija je o posađenim biljkama nestala. Nakon rata postupno se radilo na čišćenju hortikulturnoga dijela od korovskih vrsta, uklanjanju suhih, bolesnih i oštećenih biljaka te na košenju trave. U Arboretumu nema struje ni vode i biljke su uglavnom prepuštene prirodnim uvjetima. Biljke koje sada rastu u Arboretumu možemo smatrati prilagođenima ekološkim uvjetima koji tu vladaju, jer su bez njege opstale od svoje sadnje do danas. Promatramo li Arboretum kao parkovnu, hortikulturnu cjelinu, možemo reći da se radi o slobodno oblikovanom prostoru, s poljima nepravilnih oblika, koja su razdvojena putovima, stazama ili nekim prirodnim granicama. Polja se nalaze na nadmorskoj visini od 150 do 250 m, na reljefno razvedenom terenu, različitih ekspozicija. Za svako polje prikazane su najznačajnije biljke, uz navođenje vizualnih obilježja po kojima su specifične i prepoznatljive. Također su izdvojene i dendrološki najvrednije svojte u Arboretumu. Hortikulturna vrijednost nekoga prostora, pa tako i arboretuma, ne ovisi samo o biljkama, njihovu izgledu i rasporedu, već i o svim ostalim infrastrukturnim elementima. U Arboretumu treba još dosta raditi na poboljšanju tih elemenata, uređenju putova i staza, unošenju novih sadržaja i boljem održavanju. Svako polje u hortikulturnom dijelu, pa tako i Arboretum u cjelini, ima svoju specifičnost te značajnu dendrološku i hortikulturnu vrijednost.
Maziva Zagreb su izgradnjom i primjenom integriranog sustava upravljanja postigla vrijedne rezultate ne samo u podrucju kvalitete, nego i u podrucju zastite okolisa, zdravlja i sigurnosti ljudi i ...imovine. Izgradnjom sustava upravljanja okolisem i njegovom provedbom u industrijskoj praksi proizvodnje maziva, pokazano je, da je briga za okolis jedna od prioritetnih zadaca i da su programi zastite okolisa ukljuceni u strategiju razvoja Maziva Zagreb. Na razvoj i proizvodnju maziva osim zahtjeva na kvalitetu utjecali su i zahtjevi na zastitu okolisa, zdravlje i sigurnost, sto je razumljivo, jer proizvodaci maziva utjecu na stanje okolisa, zdravlje i sigurnost na radu, neposredno posljedicom tehnoloskog procesa i posredno koristenjem proizvoda. Sustav upravljanja okolisem obvezuje na stalno pracenje i sustavno smanjivanje emisija stetnih tvari u okolis (zrak, vodu, tlo) te smanjivanje kolicina i stetnosti otpada. Isto tako je vazno redovito pracenje uskladenosti parametara utjecaja na okolis s odgovarajucim zakonskim i ostalim propisima, pracenje troskova zastite okolisa i pronalazenje mogucnosti za njihovo smanjenje, imajuci na umu, zdrav okolis i ucinkovito poslovanje. U radu su prikazane glavne odrednice politike zastite okolisa, kako se ona provodi u industrijskoj praksi proizvodnje i primjene maziva, koje su to vrijedne ciljeve vezane za aspekte okolisa, tehnoloske i financijske mogucnosti Maziva Zagreb ostvarila i kako se provjeravaju i vrednuju postignuti ciljevi.
Istraživanje je provedeno na području kojim gospodare Hrvatske šume d.o.o. Zagreb. Intenzitet zaraze žutom imelom (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.) istražen je za: 1. hrast kitnjak na području šest ...šumarija UŠP Zagreb i dvije šumarije UŠP Koprivnica; 2. hrast lužnjak na području sedam šumarija UŠP Zagreb i dvije šumarije UŠP Koprivnica. Za iste UŠP istražen je intenzitet zaraze bjelogoričnom bijelom imelom (Viscum album L. ssp. album) poljskog jasena, običnog bagrema, gorskog javora i crne johe.
Prikazana je prostorna raspodjela intenziteta zaraze kitnjaka i lužnjaka žutom imelom za tri gospodarske jedinice UŠP Zagreb. Iz gospodarskih osnova izrađena je baza podataka stanišnih i sastojinskih parametara. Podaci su analizirani kako bi se utvrdilo postoji li međuovisnost navedenih parametara i intenziteta zaraze žutom imelom kitnjaka i lužnjaka.
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