Abstract Background The present study assessed the impact of oral health on the daily lives of children and mothers living in a rural area in Northwestern Egypt. Methods A cross-sectional household ...survey including children between 6 and 12 years old and their mothers was conducted in rural Egypt, 2019–2020. Data were collected using clinical examination and interview-based questionnaires of children and mothers. Three binary logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the dependent variables (oral health impact (yes, no) on avoiding smiling, chewing problems, and missing school (children) and avoiding social events (mothers)), and the explanatory variables: oral health (clinically-assessed caries experience and self-reported oral health) controlling for sociodemographic profile (child age and sex, mother’s education), daily toothbrushing and village of residence. Results A total of 211 households with 355 children and 211 mothers were included (91.5% response rate). About 54% of the children were girls, mean (SD) age = 8.7 (2.05) years and 82.3% did not brush their teeth daily. Mother’s mean (SD) age was 31.70 (5.45) years. Because of dental problems, 31.3% of children reported chewing difficulties, 31% avoided smiling compared to 76.3% and 43.6% of mothers. Also, 30.4% of children missed school and 76.8% of mothers reported reduced participation in social activities. In children, the number of decayed anterior teeth was associated with significantly higher odds of avoiding smiling (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.44). In mothers, a greater number of posterior missing teeth was associated with significantly higher odds of chewing difficulties (AOR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.45), and a greater number of all missing teeth was associated with significantly higher odds of reduced participation in social events (AOR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.30, 1.57). Good/ very good reported oral health in children and mothers was associated with lower odds of avoiding smiling and chewing problems ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Decayed anterior teeth in children have a negative impact on smiling whereas missing teeth in mothers affect the ability to chew food and socialize. The psychological, functional, and social impacts of caries in this rural setting needs to be mitigated by improving oral health literacy and access to care.
Au-delà de l’opposition entre les objets d’art et ceux d’usage, l’objet de design a cette particularité de cultiver un statut ambivalent. Pour tenter de mieux le cerner, nous nous intéressons au vécu ...avec lui, et ce dans différents contextes. À travers une observation de l’objet de design mis en scène dans un cadre d’exposition évènementielle, nous tenterons de mettre en lumière le processus de construction de dimensions symbolique supplémentaires. Plus précisément, nous avons pour objectif d’explorer la tension résultante de l’opposition de sa contextualisation spatiale entre l’évènementiel et le quotidien. Comment cela reconfigure-t-il l’imaginaire et quel impact pourrait-il avoir sur l’expérience du quotidien ? La transposition du trope visuel au trope expérientiel constituera notre outil méthodologique principal pour expliquer ce mécanisme.
Objetivo/Contexto: La investigación aborda las transformaciones en las masculinidades heterosexuales en Argentina y México en la segunda mitad del siglo XX poniendo el foco en aquellos varones de ...clases populares que penetraban a maricas, jotas y gais, sin dejar por esto de considerarse y ser considerados por sus pares como heterosexuales. Sostendremos que las relaciones entre maricas y varones heterosexuales jóvenes de clases populares eran frecuentes, no eran objeto de estigmatización en la comunidad de pares y no generaban una identidad diferencial para los participantes heterosexuales. Metodología: Se analizan historias de vida y entrevistas en profundidad, así como un amplio corpus de documentos históricos diversos conformados por materiales autobiográficos, etnografías, expedientes judiciales y prensa organizacional, no considerados antes conjuntamente. A su vez, se discute críticamene la forma en que académicos y activistas del periodo percibían el sexo entre hombres y las identidades que esas relaciones llevaban aparejadas. Originalidad: El trabajo se asienta en un enfoque comparativo que reconstruye procesos históricos y sociales regionales a mediano plazo. Se indaga por primera vez el problema desde la perspectiva de estos varones heterosexuales, con base en un corpus documental novedoso y diverso. Conclusiones: En oposición a las interpretaciones prevalecientes, el trabajo desarrolla una hipótesis contraintuitiva: dado que estas prácticas no sólo no ponían en jaque la heterosexualidad del miembro activo de la pareja, sino que además constituían un dispositivo mediante el cual estos reafirmaban su heterosexualidad viril, estas relaciones entre hombres no sólo no pueden ser consideradas homosexuales, sino que constituyen además un dispositivo medular en la producción de la heterosexualidad.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of repetitive locomotor training on an electromechanical gait trainer plus physiotherapy in subacute stroke patients.
Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Setting: ...Four German neurological rehabilitation centres. Subjects: One hundred and fifty-five non-ambulatory patients (first-time stroke <60 days).
Intervention: Group A received 20 min locomotor training and 25 min physiotherapy; group B had 45 min physiotherapy every week day for four weeks.
Main outcome measures: Primary variables were gait ability (Functional Ambulation Category, 0-5) and the Barthel Index (0-100), blindly assessed at study onset, end, and six months later for follow-up. Responders to the therapy had to become ambulatory (Functional Ambulation Category 4 or 5) or reach a Barthel Index of ≥ 75. Secondary variables were walking velocity, endurance, mobility and leg power.
Results: The intention-to-treat analysis revealed that significantly greater number of patients in group A could walk independently: 41 of 77 versus 17 of 78 in group B (P B < 0.0001) at treatment end. Also, significantly more group A patients had reached a Barthel Index ≥ 75: 44 of 77 versus 21 of 78 (P B < 0.0001). At six-month follow-up, the superior gait ability in group A persisted (54 of 77 versus 28 of 78, P B < 0.0001), while the Barthel Index responder rate did not differ. For all secondary variables, group A patients had improved significantly more (P B < 0.0001) during the treatment period, but not during follow-up.
Conclusions: Intensive locomotor training plus physiotherapy resulted in a significantly better gait ability and daily living competence in subacute stroke patients compared with physiotherapy alone.
This study investigates first-year undergraduate students of Primary Education Mathematics Teacher Education's knowledge and understanding of rotational symmetry in geometric shapes. Three students ...participated in this study, which was designed within the framework of a one-to-one teaching experiment (a qualitative research method) in the fall semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. A total of four one-to-one clinical interviews were conducted with the students once a week for an average of one hour and fifteen minutes each. Researchers recorded the sessions with a video camera and kept a log of observations. The data were analyzed and interpreted using continuous analysis and retrospective analysis. Each abstraction type and level of rotational symmetry was assigned indicators based on the results. According to the results, a student at Piaget's experimental abstraction level related to rotational symmetry before the teaching experiment reached the third level of reflective abstraction. Another student at experimental abstraction reached the level of reflective abstraction at level 2; the student who was not at any level reached the level of reflective abstraction at level 1. Students can undertake reflective abstraction by improving their knowledge and understanding of rotational symmetry by using daily life examples and making rotational symmetric drawings in the classroom. Consequently, daily life examples should be used more often in geometry lessons and students should be encouraged to draw more. Additionally, it was suggested that new research be conducted to support student abstraction based on Piaget's reflective abstraction theory.
Objective:To determine the effects of robot-assisted movement training on daily life activities and hopelessness levels in neurorehabilitation patients. Material and methods: The study is a ...randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted on 48 patients. Of these 48 patients, 8 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Patients who had acute internal diseases, had received botulinum toxin within 6 months before the treatment, or were unable to cooperate enough to participate in the assessments were excluded. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group I consisted of 21 patients who applied gait training with a robotic device in addition to the routine neurorehabilitation programme; Group II included 19 patients in the routine neurorehabilitation programme. Hopelessness levels and daily living activities were assesed before and after treatment .Assessments were made by Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Barthel Index before and after the treatment. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 22.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used in the analysis of the data, andp< 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results:There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-treatment and post-treatment hopelessness levels of the patients included in robotic rehabilitation program (p=0.001), while no significant difference was found between the hopelessness levels of the cases included in routine neurorehabilitation program (p= 0.07). No statistical difference was found within and between the groups in terms of both pre- and post-treatment Barthel Index scores. An increase was found in the Barthel Index scores when compared with pre-treatment, although the increase was not found to be significant. Conclusion:Robotic rehabilitation plays an active role in providing help to therapist, fulfilling motor learning principles and conducting high intensity and long-term movements. Robotic systems also have a positive effect on patients’ mood and coping strategies. According to the results of our study, robotic rehabilitation in neurorehabilitation patients will provide additional advantages.
To explore driving performance and driving safety in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) on a simulated lane tracking, intersections and highway ride and to compare it to healthy controls.
This ...study was performed as an explorative between groups comparison.
Ten CD patients with idiopathic CD, 30 years or older, stable on botulinum toxin treatment for over a year, holding a valid driver's license and being an active driver were compared with 10 healthy controls, matched for age and gender.
Driving performance and safety, measured by various outcomes from the simulator, such as the standard deviation of the lateral position on the road, rule violations, percentage of line crossings, gap distance, and number of collisions. Fatigue and driving effort were measured with the Borg CR-10 scale and self-perceived fitness to drive was assessed with Fitness to Drive Screening.
Except for a higher percentage of line crossings on the right side of the road by controls (median percentage 2.30, range 0.00-37.00 vs. 0.00, range 0.00-9.20,
= 0.043), no differences were found in driving performance and driving safety during the simulator rides. Fatigue levels were significantly higher in CD patients just before (
= 0.005) and after (
= 0.033) the lane tracking ride (patients median fatigue levels before 1.5 (range 0.00-6.00) and after 1.5 (range 0.00-7.00) vs. controls median fatigue levels before and after 0.00 (no range). No significant differences were found on self-perceived fitness to drive.
In patients with CD there were no indications that driving performance or driving safety were significant different from healthy controls in a simulator. Patients reported higher levels of fatigue both before and after driving compared to controls in accordance with the non-motor symptoms known in CD.
The main aim of this paper is to analyze to what extent insight (i.e., mentalization referring to one's own mental state) moderates recovering from daily life events. A total of 110 participants ...(84.5% women; mean age: M = 21.5; SD = 3.2) filled in the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), and were interviewed about impairment derived from daily life events (everyday life stresses) during the past year. Multivariate regression models were adjusted for neuroticism, sex, and socioeconomic status to analyze whether different degrees of insight moderated the relationship between the intensity and the duration of emotional distress. Results showed that the global measure of insight did not moderate recovering from daily-life distress. Regarding the subdimensions, attention to emotional reactions was related to an increased duration of distress. Results showed that, against our hypothesis, deeper comprehension of emotional reactions, operationalized here as "true insight", was not associated to faster recovery. Limitations and recommendations for further studies are discussed considering these results.
Introduction
In Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A) patients, daily life is mainly influenced by mobility and ambulation dysfunctions. The aim of our work was to evaluate the perception of ...disturbances that mostly impact on daily life in CMT1A patients and its difference on the basis of age, gender, disability, and quality of life.
Methods
Forty-one CMT1A patients underwent neurological assessment focused on establishing clinical disability through the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS) and quality of life through the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. We identified from CMT disturbances 5 categories weakness in lower limbs (WLL), weakness in upper limbs (WUL), skeletal deformities (SD), sensory symptoms (SS), balance (B) and patients classified the categories from the highest to the lowest impact on daily life (1: highest; 5: lowest). Ranking of the 5 categories, in the overall sample and in the different subgroups (dividing by gender, median of age and disease duration, CMTNS, domains of SF-36), was obtained and differences among subgroups were assessed using a bootstrap approach.
Results
Rank analysis showed that WLL was the most important disturbance on daily life whereas WUL had the lowest impact. In the older CMT1A group, the most important disturbance on daily life was B that was also the most relevant disturbance in patients with a greater disability. SD influenced daily life in younger patients. SS had less impact on daily life, with the exception of patients with a milder disability.
Discussion
Our findings demonstrated that the perception of disturbances that mostly impact on CMT1A patients’ daily life changes over the lifetime and with degree of disability.
This study aims to evaluate the use of assistive devices as a strategy in non-pharmacological treatment for hand osteoarthritis (HOA). This is a randomized, prospective, parallel, assessor-blinded ...clinical trial, in which patients with a diagnosis of HOA were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG), where they received assistive devices for daily life activities, or to a control group (CG), where they received a guideline leaflet with information on joint protection and disease features. The primary outcomes considered were occupational performance, measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and hand function was evaluated through the Score for the Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatoid Affections of the Hands (SACRAH). The secondary outcomes were pain, measured by the visual analog scale (VAS), and quality of life, measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF). We compared both outcomes before and after interventions and outcomes between groups. Participants from the two groups were assessed at the time of inclusion in the study, 30, and 90 days after initial evaluation. Out of the 39 patients included, 19 were allocated to the IG and 20 to the CG. Only two patients from the CG did not complete the follow-up period. The patients’ hand function and occupational performance improved after intervention (30 days—SACRAH—
p
< 0.05; COPM—
p
< 0.05; VAS—
p
< 0.05). When comparing results between the groups, there was a statistical difference in COPM (performance—
p
< 0.001; and satisfaction—
p
< 0.001), in the first reevaluation carried out. The use of assistive devices has proved to be an effective alternative in non-pharmacological treatment for HOA.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02667145.
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