In order to demonstrate the actual trend of landscape and the reasons of their succession,this study adopts four research stages: 1) Arrangement and succession of windbreaks; 2) Form of traditional ...MINKA; 3) Arrangement and use of plant resources around the traditional MINKA; 4) A questionnaire survey. The first resarch presents that the arrangement of windbreak has changed, comparing the two eras. The second resarch presents the form of the thatch house, covered with metalic plate. The third resarch presents the elements around MINKA. The fonrth rescarch presents the evaluation of the landscape of the dispersed settlements.
The impact of a dispersed settlement on the changes of the land cover (LC) and landscape diversity (LDI) in the years 1950, 1986 and 2016 was analyzed on four spatially different levels: on the level ...of the whole cadastral area, 60 circular areas – hinterlands of hamlets, 15 circular areas in agricultural land outside hamlets and areas outside circular areas. The primary hypothesis that the landscape with a dispersed settlement is internally differentiated in terms of LC and LDI changes and that a dispersed settlement itself is an important driving force of these changes has been confirmed.
The article describes the risks for the mental health and wellbeing of urban-dwellers in relation to changes in the spatial structure of a city that could be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A year ...of lockdown has changed the way of life in the city and negated its principal function as a place of various meetings and social interactions. The danger of long-term isolation and being cut-off from an urban lifestyle is not only a challenge facing individuals, but it also creates threats on various collective levels. Hindered interpersonal relations, stress, and the fear of another person lower the quality of life and may contribute to the development of mental diseases. Out of fear against coronavirus, part of the society has sought safety by moving out of the densely populated city centres. The dangerous results of these phenomena are shown by research based on the newest literature regarding the influence of COVID-19 and the lockdown on mental health, urban planning, and the long-term spatial effects of the pandemic such as the urban sprawl. The breakdown of the spatial structure, the loosening of the urban tissue, and urban sprawl are going to increase anthropopressure, inhibit access to mental health treatment, and will even further contribute to the isolation of part of the society. In addition, research has shown that urban structure loosening as a kind of distancing is not an effective method in the fight against the SARS-COV pandemic. Creating dense and effective cities through the appropriate management of development during and after the pandemic may be a key element that will facilitate the prevention of mental health deterioration and wellbeing. It is also the only possibility to achieve the selected Sustainable Development Goals, which as of today are under threat.
In this paper we will focus on one of the five areas of dispersed settlement in Slovakia – Novobanská štálová area and the forecast of its development on the example of selected characteristics ...(household income and its use, population). The analysis of historical development by using historical maps can relatively and accurately locate areas with permanently low intensity of use and areas that have fulfilled a stabilizing function in the cultural landscape throughout the observed development. At the same time, based on the analysis of the historical development of settlements, we can interpret the trend of the development of land use in the future. The originality of this type of landscape with a dispersed type of settlement also in the sense of the European Landscape Convention lies in its limited occurrence. Besides Slovakia, it occurs only in the Czechia and especially on the Czech-Slovak border. The analysis of demographic characteristics of selected municipalities also indicates qualitative and quantitative changes leading to the gradual extinction of the territory. The presented area as a part of small dispersed settlement has some unique cultural, historical and natural values, which are a reflection of human life and activities in difficult mountain conditions.
Dispersed settlement is understood as an autochthonous characteristic of certain areas, which in the past, along with securing livelihood of the population, contributed to the establishment and ...preservation of the cultural landscape, while dispersed building is understood as a negative phenomenon in space. The latter basically means the deterioration of the cultural landscape, particularly tied to suburbanisation and related social costs, which are a consequence of traffic growth and the related maintenance and building of infrastructure. In urban or urbanised areas, the occurrence of both forms of settlement is much easier to observe and identify, both using mathematical methods or applying individual indicators. However, in areas with a prevalence of the dispersed settlement pattern it is difficult to quantitively or qualitatively evaluate these definitions. Using various approaches (both substantive and mathematical) to evaluating the individual characteristics of space we wanted to draw a divided between dispersed settlement and dispersed building.
The aim of the research was a spatial and functional analysis of the accessibility of retail food environments in relation to the inhabitants of dispersed settlements who are socially and ...geographically disadvantaged in purchasing g food. The consumer behavior and food shopping habits of the inhabitants of these areas largely depend on the spatial and functional characteristics of the dispersed settlement and the surrounding area. In terms of food consumption, an important determinant is the availability of convenience stores, defined by the economic and physical ability to access food sources. The ability to access stores is strongly influenced by transport options and transport infrastructure. The investigated area belongs to a group of specific areas with dispersed settlements. This type of settlement, typical in the mountains of Slovakia and on the border with the Czech Republic, can also be found around the town of Nová Baňa, located in the west of central Slovakia. This area consists of two towns and 12 municipalities and is referred to as the “Novobanská štálová oblasť ”. These specific territories are characterized by a lack of access to fresh and affordable food, which can contribute to social disparities in diet and endanger people's health with various serious diseases. Spatial identification of areas with difficult access to food stores in the Novobanská štálová area has been a pioneering attempt to visualize areas with the highest demand for improvement in food access, and this process may be helpful in identifying other areas with similar characteristics. The methods utilized represent an accessible, transparent and reproducible process for assessing the accessibility of grocery stores. These methods can be used for cost-effective, periodic surveillance and meaningful engagement with communities, retailers and policy makers. The conclusions and results of our research should positively contribute to the growing debate on the inequality of living conditions and marginalization of rural municipalities.
In Slovakia, traditional orchards, like other European rural landscapes and their agricultural systems, are at long-term risk from changes in land use and management. We focused on this issue in the ...Nová Baňa dispersed settlement region (central Slovakia), which contains numerous traditional orchards. Management changes over the period 1949–2017 were evaluated on the basis of structured interviews conducted with the owners of 63 traditional orchards. Management measures were evaluated separately for 1949, 1970, 1991, 2000, 2007 and 2017. These data were supplemented by data on land cover over time, with an emphasis on orchards, evaluated for the years 1949, 1976, 1991 and 2017 using historical orthophoto maps. Traditional orchard management included mowing, grazing, plowing, fertilizing, and litter raking. By 2017, the management regime had changed in 92% of orchards. The use of plowing and grazing in orchards decreased, and the use of mulching has increased since 2000. From 1949 to 2017, the number of identifiable management regimes doubled; regimes consisting of a single management measure appeared, while regimes of multiple management measures decreased in frequency. Between 1949 and 2017, there was a total decrease of 38.36% in the area of traditional orchards; 31.62% of orchards remained unchanged. The largest decrease was caused by orchard conversion into grasslands (18.93%), forests (13.81%), shrubs (9.42%) and urbanized areas (8.87%).
We present an interdisciplinary method for establishing date ranges of farm sites (a.d. 800-present) and reconstructing regional settlement dynamics. An experimental field strategy was designed to ...refine estimates regarding the ages of individual farmsteads based on historical data and physical and historical geography. Archaeological test pitting was employed to recover settlement debris in carefully selected locations. In the course of one week, we investigated 13 farm sites and were able to refine age estimates using artifactual evidence. The field strategy is applicable in situations where concentrations of settlement debris related to farm sites are buried under younger sediments.
The aim of this work is to characterise changes in mountain landscape with dispersed settlements. Dispersed settlements are one of the unique features within landscape structure of Slovakia. ...Character and genesis of these habitation forms was conditioned by a specific non-repetitive social situation. We studied following settlements in the region of the Upper Zitava river: Jedl'ove Kostol'any, Mala Lehota and Vel'ka Lehota. These 3 rural communities are formed around their centres and also by 31 other more or less remote parts called "stale". We prepared analysis of the land use and population of the studied territory. In the research area we noticed dynamics of land use changes from 2 time periods (years 1956 and 2002).
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