In the textile industries, the escalating labour cost and input cost of the raw materials have put a constraint on the investors to think for entering into automation at every stage. Ring spinning is ...the most widely used form of the spinning machine, but the output production rate is low due to many time-consuming processes such as doffing process. To improve the automation of doffing in ring spinning, double-disc doffer was introduced as a piece of auxiliary equipment to reduce stoppage time of ring frame with less labor and to yield high efficiency. In this current work the existing machine is evaluated and modified to yield more efficiency.
Resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactams, mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes (ESBL), is an increasing problem worldwide. The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence ...of ESBL-production among the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their susceptibility to selected antimicrobials. A total of one eighty-seven clinical specimens were tested for the presence of ESBL production using the double-disc synergy test. Of these, 25.13% (n=47) isolates of P. aeruginosa were observed as ESBL positive. The maximum number of ESBL-producing strains were found in sputum (41.67%; n=24) followed by pus (28.36%; n=19), cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids (21.74%; n=5), urine (20.45%; n=9) and blood (13.79%; n=4). ESBL producing isolates exhibited co-resistance to an array of antibiotics tested. Imipenem and meropenem can be suggested as the drugs of choice in our study.
The insulation co-ordination of converter transformer winding has a great influence on power system security. An equivalent circuit of a 500 kV converter transformer winding structure, including a LC ...equivalent network circuit and an ideal transformer in parallel, was firstly established. A combined 12-pulse rectifier equivalent circuit model, mainly consisting of six single-phase converter transformer and 12 converter valves, was built in Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) software. In certain operating states of the converter value, the transient voltage distribution was analysed when lightning strokes the DC bus of a typical converter station. The results show that the dual winding model can present the transient voltage characteristics of the converter transformer. The maximum lightning transient voltage is located at the end of the star-connected winding near the neutral point and reaches 1270 kV, and also the maximum gradient voltage occurs at the winding near the terminal point. In different operating states for the converter valve, the transient voltages of a three-phase winding behave as per the similar distributing rules. For the star-connected phase winding, the lightning transient voltage of the winding disc reaches the maximum magnitude when lightning strike occurs at the peak of the phase voltage on the valve side.
Drug-resistant bacteria are a global health concern owing to the high morbidity and mortality they can cause, especially in countries such as India. Gram-negative bacteria, including ...Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter, are primarily responsible for expanding the scope of drug resistance. These antibiotic-resistant pathogens are particularly associated with serious infections in hospitals. The production of carbapenemase by gram-negative bacteria appears to be the major reason for their resistance to carbapenems. The study was a prospective study done from March 2018 to December 2020. All the carbapenem-resistant isolates from various clinical samples were further tested for the production of carbapenemases/metallo-beta-lactamases production by various phenotypic tests like carbaNp, Imipenem–EDTA combined disc synergy test, Double-disc synergy test and E-test methods. Of all carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients in a hospital in India, 237 (88.1%) carbapenemase producers were identified, among which 217 (91.5%) were metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producers. Therefore, the detection of MBL producers is important for preventing their infectious spread. The present study revealed that most MBL producers were isolated from patients of 0–9 to years of age (63.9%). The double-disc synergy test (DDST) and E-test MBL strips were more sensitive than the combined disc test in detecting MBLs. Because the DDST was the simplest and most effective method, it can be used for the routine laboratory screening of MBL producers in hospitals.
No-tillage farming can improve crop productivity and the reliability of cropping compared with conventional tillage. The effects of three different seeding system configurations on surface residue ...handling, sunflower emergence and stand establishment, yield, and gross income were investigated over three cropping seasons. The seeding system configurations comprised of (1) turbo coulter blade, (2) notched disc row cleaner before turbo coulter blade, and (3) no residue handling unit installed in front of a double-disc opener. For all three seeding system configurations, crop residue cover on sown rows (after seeding) was greater than the minimum recommended value of 30% for no-tillage. Residue cover was best with the notched disc row cleaner in front of the turbo coulter blade compared to the other two seeding systems. Furthermore, the notched disc row cleaner in front of the turbo coulter blade produced the highest plant emergence counts and the most uniform stand establishment. Sunflower yield and gross income were highest with the notched disc row cleaner in front of the turbo coulter blade (3.16 Mg·ha−1 and 902 USD·ha−1) compared to when only the turbo coulter blade (2.38 Mg·ha−1 and 680 USD·ha−1) or no residue handling unit (1.69 Mg·ha−1 and 482 USD·ha−1) was used.
Mill-scale demonstration of a process concept inspired by Process Intensification (PI) principles was performed in Holmen Paper Braviken mill, Norrkoping, Sweden. The intensified process consists of ...wood softening by means of chip pretreatment with sodium sulphite, high intensity refining followed by low consistency refining. This process yields very low shives content and thus the unit operations screening and reject refining can be eliminated and the pulp is fed directly to the paper machine. Thorough evaluation of key paper-and print quality data showed that it is possible to produce pulp for newsprint at 1500 kWh/adt total specific energy (including auxiliary drives such as pumps, screw feeders, etc.). The total specific energy consumption was 900 kWh/adt lower compared to the normal process used for newsprint in Braviken, and 500 kWh/adt lower compared to today's best available technology. The auxiliary equipment energy demand was 120 kWh/adt, which was less than half of that of the reference TMP line. The PIinspired process reduces the number of machines drastically compared to a conventional TMP line, as well as the number of pumps, chests and other auxiliary equipment.
The effects of low dosage sodium sulfite ( Na2SO3) pretreatment (0, 0.6 and 1.2% on bone dry wood, pH 9) at two different refining temperatures (4.6 and 6.4 bar(g) refiner housing pressure) were ...evaluated for production of thermomechanical pulp with a double disc refiner in mill scale using Norway spruce wood at Braviken paper mill (Holmen Paper AB, Sweden). The sulfonate content of the pulps was not affected by the different refining temperatures and was 0.29% (as Na2SO3 equivalents) for the highest sulfite addition.
Tensile index at constant SEC was increased by 3.2 Nm/g when the refining temperature was increased, and by 8.6 Nm/g when 1.2% sodium sulfite was added. The effects were additive and led to an increase in tensile index of similar to 12 Nm/g at constant SEC when combined and would enable a reduction in SEC of 380 kWh/bdt (similar to 20%) to similar tensile index. The degree of delamination and internal fibrillation of the fibers was increased by both increased refining temperature and sulfite addition.
Pulp brightness was slightly reduced (<= 0.4% ISO) by increased refining temperature and increased (2-3% ISO), when sodium sulfite was added. Spectra of reflectance factors (360-740 nm) were used to study the optical properties of produced pulps.
The purpose of this research was to examine the performance of a modified precision vacuum seeder for no-till sowing of maize (
Zea mays L.) and soybean (
Glycine max L.) following wheat (
Triticum ...aestivum). A wavy-edged disc and side gauge wheels were fabricated and mounted to each unit of a common precision vacuum seeder (with a hoe opener on one row unit and a double disc-type opener on another row unit) and used to sow at three forward speeds (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0
m
s
−1). Multiple index, miss index, quality of feed index and precision of the distribution of the seeds along the length of the row, sowing depth uniformity, mean emergence time and percent emergence were determined. Sowing depth uniformity, mean emergence time and percent emergence of both maize and soybean seeds were decreased and precision of the distribution of the seeds along the length of the row was increased as a result of increasing forward speed. The distribution of the seeds along the length of the row, sowing depth uniformity and percent emergence of the seeder equipped with the double disc-type opener was better than the seeder equipped with the hoe-type opener. The precision of the distribution of the seeds along the length of the row for forward speeds of 1.0 and 1.5
m
s
−1 experienced in this study was well below 29%, and therefore is acceptable for both maize and soybean seeds. The modified precision vacuum seeder generally performed best using the double disc-type furrow opener at the forward speed of 1.0
m
s
−1, based on the distribution of the seeds along the length of the row, sowing depth uniformity, and percent emergence.
Based on the principle of independence of cavity sections expansion, a double disc cavitator for underwater projectiles is proposed in this paper.The high-speed water tunnel experiment is carried out ...to study the generation and morphological characteristics of the ventilated supercavity which generated by this series of double disc cavitator.The experiment observed the ventilated supercavity morphology under the different cone angles by changing the ventilation flow coefficient.The experimental results show that there are two kinds of cavitation states:the front disc preferential cavitation and the rear disc preferential cavitation. The transition between these two states occur at a cone angle about 55°.The value of the critical ventilation flow coefficient when generating stable ventilation supercavity has a positive correlation with the cone angle.The front disc and the rear disc of the cavitator have mutual inhibitory effect on the production of ventilated supercavities.And the morphological characteristic
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