•The current study is the first to use LPA to identify patterns of smartphone addiction in relation to multiple ecological factors.•Smartphone addiction formed three profiles of adolescents: “low ...smartphone addiction group” (52.1%), “moderate smartphone addiction group” (35.7%), and “high smartphone addiction group” (12.2%).•Adolescents with negative parent-adolescent attachment were significantly more likely to be in the high smartphone addiction group than in the low smartphone addiction group.•Deviant peer affiliation predicted adolescents’ likelihood of being in the moderate and high smartphone addiction group compared to the low smartphone addiction group.
Smartphones are a ubiquitous means of communication and entertainment, and adolescents are at risk of becoming addicted to their use. The purpose of the current study was to identify latent profiles of adolescent smartphone addiction and to test whether these profiles could be predicted by factors in the multiple contexts of family (parent-adolescent attachment, parental monitoring), peers (deviant peer affiliation, peer relationships), and school (teacher-adolescent relationships, school bonding). Participants were 554 students (45.8 % girls, aged 11–17 years) from two middle schools in Changsha, China. The latent profile analysis revealed three smartphone addiction patterns: “low smartphone addiction group” (52.1%), “moderate smartphone addiction group” (35.7%), and “high smartphone addiction group” (12.2%). Members of the three profiles differed in parent-adolescent attachment and deviant peer affiliation. Specifically, compared to the low smartphone addiction group, adolescents who perceived low parent-adolescent attachment were more likely to be in the high smartphone addiction group, while adolescents who perceived higher deviant peer affiliation were more likely to belong to the moderate and high smartphone addiction group. The current study is the first to identify patterns of adolescent smartphone addiction in relation to multiple ecological factors, and the results may inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies.
Waxy-leaved mustard Boreava orientalis Jaub. and Spach. has recently become farmland invasive weed in the Kurdistan province, Iran. Hence this study was conducted better to understand the seed ...germination ecology of B. orientalis. Therefore, in this study, the effect of temperature and osmotic potential, salinity, and burial depth on seed germination and seedling emergence of B. orientalis was investigated in the Weed Research Laboratory of the University of Kurdistan in 2020. Seed germination of B. orientalis was determined at 10, 20, 30, and 35 °C. Boreava orientalis seeds were germinated in an aqueous solution with the osmotic potential of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 MPa. The levels of salt stress consisted of control 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM. The burial depths were 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 cm. The results revealed that germination started at 5 ºC with 0 osmotic potential, and no germination occurred at 30 and 35 °C with different osmotic potentials. The Lowest germination was at 30 and 35 °C; the highest was at 0 Mm NaCl concentration, and the lowest was at 200 Mm of NaCl. The highest germination was at 0 depth, and the lowest was at 12 cm. These results indicate that the germination of this weed species is sensitive and thus greatly reduced under drought and high-temperature conditions. It was also sensitive to both salinity stress and deep burial.
The spatio-temporal complexity of groundwater storage change is a result of interconnected impact of socio-ecological factors. Previous research indicates several socio-ecological factors (e.g. human ...extraction, land cover change, and climate change) that may result in groundwater depletion. However, we seldom have empirical studies that provide spatio-temporally explicit information on the main drivers among these factors that determine regional groundwater change. This research explored a spatio-temporally explicit understanding on the socio-ecological determinants on the changes of groundwater storage in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) of north China. We selected this basin because the spatial heterogeneity of this basin complicates the relationship between socio-ecological factors and groundwater resources, whose changes would in turn fundamentally affect the socio-ecological system in the YRB. We collected annual (time resolution) data between 2003 and 2016 (time scope) with 1° × 1° grid (space resolution) about 18 social-ecological factors that might affect groundwater storage change in the YRB (space scope). Using this data and groundwater storage information from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment database, we determined best predictors, highly-performed predictive models, and dominant drivers for temporal and spatial changes of groundwater storage. Temporal changes of groundwater in the YRB between 2003 and 2016 were mainly contributed by anthropogenic factors, including population density, plantation, and irrigation water consumption over time. The spatial groundwater change across the YRB was determined by both the geographical location (e.g. indicated by longitude) and urbanization level (e.g. indicated by the domestic and industrial water consumption). The knowledge about socio-ecological determinants on groundwater dynamics in space and time in the YRB can help determine main levers to control regional change of groundwater storage and assist in a sustainable use of groundwater resource.
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•We identified predictors and determinants of groundwater change in the Yellow River Basin (YRB).•We developed predictive models for spatio-temporal changes of groundwater storage in the YRB.•Anthropogenic factors dominated temporal changes of groundwater in the YRB between 2003 and 2016.•Nature and human collectively determined the spatial changes of groundwater in the YRB.
Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by spirochete bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The disease exhibits a notable incidence in tropical and developing countries, and in Colombia, ...environmental, economic, social, and cultural conditions favor disease transmission, directly impacting both mortality and morbidity rates. Our objective was to establish the pooled lagged effect of runoff on leptospirosis cases in Colombia. For our study, we included the top 20 Colombian municipalities with the highest number of leptospirosis cases. Monthly cases of leptospirosis, confirmed by laboratory tests and spanning from 2007 to 2022, were obtained from the National Public Health Surveillance System. Additionally, we collected monthly runoff and atmospheric and oceanic data from remote sensors. Multidimensional poverty index values for each municipality were sourced from the Terridata repository. We employed causal inference and distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the lagged effect of runoff on leptospirosis cases. Municipality-specific estimates were combined through meta-analysis to derive a single estimate for all municipalities under study. The pooled results for the 20 municipalities suggest a lagged effect for the 0 to 2, and 0–3 months of runoff on leptospirosis when the runoff is < 120 g/m2. No effect was identified for longer lagged periods (0–1, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, and 0–6 months) or higher runoff values. Incorporation of the multidimensional poverty index into the meta-analysis of runoff contributed to the models for the lagged periods of 0–3, and 0–4 months.
Sedimentary nitrogen (N) in lakes significantly influenced by eutrophication plays a detrimental role on the ecological sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. Here, we conducted a thorough analysis of ...the importance of N potentially released from sediments during the shift of “grass-algae” ecosystem in plateau lakes. From 1964 to 2013, the average total amount of sedimentary potential mineralizable organic nitrogen (PMON) and exchangeable N in whole Lake Dianchi were 5.50 × 103 t and 3.44 × 103 t, respectively. NH4+-N was the main product (>90%) of sedimentary PMON mineralization. The PMON in sediments had great release potential, which tended to regulate the distribution of aquatic plants and phytoplankton in Lake Dianchi and facilitated the replacement of dominant populations. Moreover, NH4+-N produced by sedimentary PMON mineralization and exchangeable NH4+-N have increased the difficulty and complexity of ecological restoration in Lake Dianchi to a certain extent. This study highlights the importance of sedimentary N in lake ecosystem degradation, showing the urgent need to reduce the continuous eutrophication of lakes and restore the water ecology.
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•Lake Dianchi was characterized by a high concentration of exchangeable N and PMON.•The PMON in sediments had great release potential.•NH4+-N released from sediments regulated the changes of ecological factors.•The release of NH4+-N increased the difficulty of ecological restoration.
•Lake Dianchi was enriched with stable P, but depleted in potential mobile P.•Internal P loading became more important when anthropogenic P input was effectively controlled.•BD-P, NaOH-nrP and ...NaOH-rP played a major role in the sedimentary P release.•Dynamics of sedimentary P-binding forms were affected by the succession of “grass-algae” type.
With the transformation of lake ecosystem from "clear water" to "turbid water", the residual phosphorus (P) accumulated in sediments may slow down the process of aquatic ecological restoration, and the related mechanisms are complex and need to be better understood. In this study, high-resolution systematic investigation and analysis of P-binding forms in the sediments showed that Lake Dianchi, the largest plateau lake in Southwest China, was enriched with NaOH-rP, HCl-P and Res-P, but depleted in NH4Cl-P, BD-P and NaOH-nrP. The BD-P, NaOH-nrP and NaOH-rP were the main contributors to potential P release from sediments, while the release potential of NH4Cl-P was relatively weak (<1%). When the external P loading gradually decreased, the internal P loading of Lake Dianchi was estimated to be 522 mg P/(m2•a) in the past 30 years. The succession of "grass-algae" type in Lake Dianchi coincided with reduced absorption and transformation of potential mobile P and decreased accumulation of stable P, especially the Res-P. Meanwhile, the temporal variation of potential mobile P was a good predictor of ecological degradation and reduced ecosystem sustainability in Lake Dianchi.
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Nematodes are the most diverse and highly significant group of soil-inhabiting microorganisms that play a vital role in organic material decomposition and nutrient recycling.
Diverse geographical ...locations and environmental gradients show a significant impact on the diversity of nematodes. Present study aims to assess the effects of ecological (altitude, temperature, moisture) and edaphic (soil pH, nutrients, soil patches) factors on the soil nematode diversity and structure at five different landscape patches (forests, apple orchards, rice fields, pastures, and alpine zone) from ten different sites of Kashmir valley (India). Differences in the altitudinal gradients results in the shift of generic nematode population. Among the soil patches, highest nematode diversity was observed in forest soil and least in alpine soil; however, bacteriovorous nematodes dominated all the soil patches. The temperature and moisture have a significant effect on nematode diversity, the highest nematode trophic levels were observed above 21°C temperature, and 30% moisture. Nematode abundance decreased from alkaline to acidic pH of the soil. Soil nutrients such as, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have shown a detrimental effect in nematode richness at each site, where nematode diversity and richness of genera were higher at abundant soil N and P but decreased at low soil nutrients. Ecological indices like diversity index (DI), Shannon-Wiener Index (H'), enrichment index (EI), and maturity Index (MI) values demonstrated forest soil more favourable for nematodes and high soil health status than other soil patches. This study suggested that these indices may be helpful as soil monitoring tools and assessing ecosystem sustainability and biodiversity.
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