In more than 95% of mammalian species, males provide little direct investment in the well-being of their offspring. Humans are one notable exception to this pattern and, to date, the factors that ...contributed to the evolution and the proximate expression of human paternal care are unexplained (
T. H. Clutton-Brock, 1989
). The nature, extent, and influence of human paternal investment on the physical and social well-being of children are reviewed in light of the social and ecological factors that are associated with paternal investment in other species. On the basis of this review, discussion of the evolution and proximate expression of human paternal investment is provided.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
We contribute to the theoretical and research knowledge base regarding the pathways between parental social support, family well being, quality of parenting, and the development of child resilience ...in families with a child with serious emotional problems. Little conceptual development has been done that provides a theoretical framework for studying the relationships among these variables. We identify key findings from social support theory and research, including the impact of social support on family well being and the parents' capacity to parent, and the experience of parental social support in families with a child with a disability. We review the constructs of family well being, quality of parenting, and child resilience. Further, we explain the pathways between parental social support, family well being, quality of parenting, and child resilience in families with a child with serious emotional problems. Key variables of the model and the nature of their inter-relationships are described. Social support is constructed as a protective mechanism with main and buffering effects that can impact family well being, quality of parenting, and child resilience at a number of junctures. The conceptual model's implications for future theory development and research are discussed.
The student's environmental literacy (EL) is vital to improving students' awareness of environmental issues. This study was intended to display the role of eco-school program (Adiwiyata) and ...non-adiwiyata schools towards EL of junior high school students by analyzing EL of students in Ponorogo. The research was conducted in March-October. The survey involved 379 students. The type of research is ex post facto. The assessment used the Middle School Environmental Literacy Survey (MSELS). The results show that the adiwiyata program is related to the increase of EL with the sig value. 0.000. The higher the adiwiyata level, the higher the EL value of the environment. However, the general EL assessment in Ponorogo is still low, that more than 51% of respondents did not reach the score at level 3, which is the standard level of EL. The EL ability of junior high school students between male and female sex is different, with the sig value. 0.004. All data analysis concluded that the level of students' EL was significantly influenced by school type and gender. EL of students may low due to students' lack of understanding of the environment concepts, the limited theories, and concepts transferred to students.
Chimborazo Then and Now Gray, Ron; Henderson, Dane; Rothenberg, Natalie
Science scope (Washington, D.C.),
11/2020, Volume:
44, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Using Historical Data to Demonstrate Effects of Global Climate Change on Plant Communities Alexander von Humboldt was once the most famous person in the world, rivaled only by Napoleon. The results ...were alarming: the maximum elevation limit of plants and the distribution of vegetation zones shifted up the mountain more than 500 meters in 210 years due to local changes in temperature brought on by climate change. Capitalize on any comments that mention global warming, temperature increase, precipitation changes, or climate change. To move the conversation toward global climate change, begin with relevant climate data.
Natural hybridization is widespread among coral reef fishes. However, the ecological promoters and evolutionary consequences of reef fish hybridization have not been thoroughly evaluated. ...Butterflyfishes form a high number of hybrids and represent an appropriate group to investigate hybridization in reef fishes. This study provides a rare test of terrestrially derived hybridization theory in the marine environment by examining hybridization between Chaetodon trifasciatus and C. lunulatus at Christmas Island. Overlapping spatial and dietary ecologies enable heterospecific encounters. Nonassortative mating and local rarity of both parent species appear to permit heterospecific breeding pair formation. Microsatellite loci and mtDNA confirmed the status of hybrids, which displayed the lowest genetic diversity in the sample and used a reduced suite of resources, suggesting decreased adaptability. Maternal contribution to hybridization was unidirectional, and no introgression was detected, suggesting limited, localized evolutionary consequences of hybridization.
Comparisons to other reef fish hybridization studies revealed that different evolutionary consequences emerge, despite being promoted by similar factors, possibly due to the magnitude of genetic distance between hybridizing species. This study highlights the need for further enquiry aimed at evaluating the importance and long‐term consequences of reef fish hybridization.
Butterflyfishes form a high number of hybrids. This study provides a rare test of terrestrially‐derived hybridisation theory in the marine environment by examining hybridisation between Chaetodon trifasciatus and Chaetodon lunulatus at Christmas Island. Overlapping spatial and dietary ecologies, non‐assortative mating and local rarity of both parent species appear to favour heterospecific breeding pair formation. Microsatellite loci and mtDNA confirmed the status of hybrids, and indicated a unidirectional maternal contribution and lack of introgression, suggesting limited, localised evolutionary consequences of hybridisation.
low potential fertility of the embryonic soils. Positive – high humidity in the depressions, the high content of fine-grained deposits in the lower part of the elephant dumps, excessive accumulation ...of snow in the winter on separate dumping sites. On disturbed lands identified eight technogenic ecotopes, characterized by various microrelief, moisture level, amount of fine fractions of technogenic eluvium determining favorable, moderately favorable and unfavorable conditions for vegetation of disturbed land. Selected three stages of syngenesis: pioneer stage, a simple plant communities and complex plant communities. The stage of zonal phytocenosis on the dumps was not detected. The basis of diagnostic signs consists of the projective cover, the nature of the host plants, the number of species part of the zonal species. The selected criteria are universal and can be applicable to most dumps. Speed syngenetic succession does not depend on calendar age of the dumps, and environmental conditions, which are formed on separate sites. The quantity of the settling plants will be higher in favourable conditions, than in unfavourable. Plants unusual for the particular subzone can appear in communities at early stages of syngenesis, but at the next stages of succession they will be forced out by plants of zonal and intrazonal communities.
Исследовали молодые и средневозрастные отвалы 15 угольных разрезов, расположенных в лесостепной зоне Кузбасса. Выявлено, что отвалы обладают широким спектром экологических условий и потенциально пригодны для поселения растений. К отрицательным экологическим факторам на отвалах следует отнести недостаток продуктивной влаги, провальную водопроницаемость, контрастный температурный режим на разных элементах рельефа, низкое потенциальное плодородие эмбриоземов, к положительным – высокую влажность в понижениях, большое содержание мелкозема в нижней части склонов отвалов, избыточное накопление снега в зимний период на отдельных участках отвалов. На нарушенных землях выявлено 8 техногенных экотопов, характеризующихся различными микрорельефом, уровнем влажности, количеством мелких фракций техногенного элювия, определяющими благоприятные, умеренно благоприятные и неблагоприятные условия для зарастания нарушенных земель. Выделено 3 стадии сингенеза: пионерная, простого и сложного растительного сообщества. Стадии зонального фитоценоза на отвалах не обнаружено. В группу диагностических признаков входят проективное покрытие, характер размещения растений, число видов, участие зональных видов. Выделенные критерии имеют универсальный характер и могут быть применимы к большинству отвалов. Скорость сингенетических сукцессий зависит не от календарного возраста отвалов, а от экологических условий, которые складываются на отдельных его участках. В благоприятных условиях количество поселяющихся видов будет выше, чем в неблагоприятных. На ранних этапах сингенеза в сообществах могут появляться виды, не характерные для конкретной подзоны, но на следующих стадиях сукцессии они будут вытеснены видами зональных и интразональных сообществ.
The new and middle-aged dumps of 15 coal mines located in a forest-steppe zone of Kuzbass, were studied. Studies have shown that the dumps have a wide range of environmental conditions and are potentially suitable for settlement of plants. To negative environmental factors at the mine dumps include the lack of productive moisture, failed penetration, contrast temperature regime on the different elements of the relief
Most pollinators prefer the sugars present in the nectar they consume, so it has been hypothesized that they have molded nectar trait evolution. However, nectar-feeding bats do not exhibit ...preferences for the sugars present in their diet. We analyzed the role that biochemical and ecological factors could play in shaping the nectar traits of chiropterophilic plants. We studied nectar traits and flower production in 49 plant species. We evaluated the relationship between nectar concentration and sugar composition using phylogenetically independent contrasts and if nectar traits were related to flower production using a Manova. We found that 42 species produced high hexoses nectars, and 7 species produced sucrose rich nectars. Phylogenetically independent contrasts showed that nectar concentration was negatively related to glucose content, positively related to fructose content, and was not related to sucrose content. A negative relationship was found from glucose and fructose contents to sucrose content, and glucose content was negatively related to fructose content. Finally, we did not found any relationship between nectar traits and the plants’ flowering strategies. We conclude that bat physiology and the relative low evolutionary time of the interaction between plants and bats may determine the lack of pattern in the nectar characteristics of chiropterophilic plants.
La mayoría de los polinizadores prefieren los azúcares presentes en el néctar que consumen, por lo que se ha especulado que estos han moldeado la evolución de los rasgos del néctar. Sin embargo, los murciélagos nectarívoros no muestran preferencias por los azúcares presentes en su dieta. Analizamos el papel que los factores bioquímicos y ecológicos pueden desempeñar en los rasgos de néctar de 32 plantas quirotperofílicas. Se estudiaron las características del néctar y la producción de flores en 49 especies de plantas. Se evaluó la relación entre la concentración del néctar y la composición de azúcares usando contrastes filogenéticamente independientes y si los rasgos del néctar están relacionados con la producción de flores utilizando una Manova. Se encontró que 42 especies producen néctares con altos contenidos de hexosas y 7 especies producen néctares ricos en sacarosa. Los contrastes filogenéticamente independientes mostraron que la concentración de néctar se relaciona negativamente con el contenido de glucosa, positivamente con el de fructosa y no tuvo relación con el contenido de sacarosa. Se encontró una relación negativa del contenido de glucosa y fructosa con el de sacarosa y el contenido de glucosa se relacionó negativamente con el de fructosa. Por último, no encontramos ninguna relación entre los rasgos de néctar y las estrategias de floración. Concluimos que la fisiología de los murciélagos y el poco tiempo evolutivo de la interacción entre las plantas y los murciélagos pueden determinar la falta de patrón en los rasgos del néctar quiropterofílico.
Although positive education has made significant progress towards fostering student wellbeing at the individual level through the application of positive psychology interventions, adopting a ...systems-informed perspective will support the field to also approach wellbeing at the classroom and collective levels. Arguably, this approach will promote a more widespread and sustained level of wellbeing in schools. The current conceptual paper focuses on how the classroom as a system can be used as a powerful context to create collective wellbeing. We define group-level flourishing, explain how a systems-informed perspective allows classrooms to create collective wellbeing, introduce the Flourishing Classroom Systems Model, and consider implications and applications of this model.
Why is technology not used more in schools? Many researchers have tried to solve this persistent puzzle. The authors of this article report on their study of technology uses in 19 schools. They ...suggest an ecological metaphor, using the example of the introduction of the zebra mussel into the Great Lakes, to integrate and organize sets of factors that affect implementation of computer uses. Their findings suggest that an ecological perspective can provide a powerful analytical framework for understanding technology uses in schools. That perspective points out new directions for research and has significant policy and practical implications for implementing innovations in schools. (DIPF/Orig.).
Objective: Health literacy is a determinant of health, but disparities in health literacy persist. This study examined the influence of ecological factors on college students' health literacy. ...Participants: During January 2016 a nonrandom sample of black undergraduate students (n = 298) aged 18-24 were recruited from enrollment lists at two urban universities in the Southeastern United States. Methods: Information on health literacy as well as numerous intrapersonal, social, and cultural-environment factors was obtained using an electronic questionnaire and then statistically modeled. Results: Ecological factors accounted for 28.7% of the variance in health literacy. In particular, reappraisal (B = 0.323, p < .001), suppression (B = −0.289, p < .001), campus health education (B = 0.192, p < .05), campus tobacco culture (B = −0.174, p < .05), and perceived norms (B = −0.153, p < .05) directly predicted health literacy. Conclusions: Although intrapersonal factors influence health literacy, the sociocultural environment of college can also foster or hinder college students' health literacy.
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