Objective
Taking care of children diagnosed with cancer may have considerable consequences on parents' socio‐economic situation. Our systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesise the evidence on ...the impact of childhood cancer on parents' socio‐economic situation.
Methods
Systematic literature searches for articles published between January 2000 and January 2019 were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Findings of eligible articles were narratively synthesised and quality appraised.
Results
Our systematic review included 35 eligible articles. Childhood cancer had a substantial impact on parents' socio‐economic situation across all studies. This impact varied largely by geographical region. We observed a high prevalence of disruptions in parental employment such as job quitting or job loss, particularly among mothers. The associated income losses further contributed to families' perceived financial burden in addition to increased cancer‐related expenses. Adverse socio‐economic consequences were most pronounced shortly after diagnosis, however, persisted into early survivorship for certain groups of parents. We identified families of children diagnosed with haematological cancers, younger age at diagnosis, and lower parental socio‐economic position to be at particular risk for adverse socio‐economic consequences.
Conclusions
Following the child's cancer diagnosis, parents experience a broad range of adverse socio‐economic consequences. Further effort is needed to systematically implement an assessment of financial hardship in paediatric oncology together with appropriate support services along the cancer trajectory.
Inadequate nutrient intake as part of a complementary feeding diet is attributable to poor feeding practices and poor access to nutritious foods. Household socio-economic situation (SES) has an ...influence on food expenditure and access to locally available, nutrient-dense foods and fortified foods. This study aimed to develop and compare complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) for 12–23-month-old children in different SES and evaluate the contribution of fortified foods in meeting nutrient requirements. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in low and medium SES households (n 114/group) in urban Bandung district, West Java province, Indonesia. Food pattern, portion size and affordability were assessed, and CFR were developed for the low SES (LSES) and middle SES (MSES) using a linear programming (LP) approach; two models – with and without fortified foods – were run using LP, and the contribution of fortified foods in the final CFR was identified. Milk products, fortified biscuits and manufactured infant cereals were the most locally available and consumed fortified foods in the market. With the inclusion of fortified foods, problem nutrients were thiamin in LSES and folate and thiamin in MSES groups. Without fortified foods, more problem nutrients were identified in LSES, that is, Ca, Fe, Zn, niacin and thiamin. As MSES consumed more fortified foods, removing fortified foods was not possible, because most of the micronutrient-dense foods were removed from their food basket. There were comparable nutrient adequacy and problem nutrients between LSES and MSES when fortified foods were included. Exclusion of fortified foods in LSES was associated with more problem nutrients in the complementary feeding diet.
W artykule przedstawiono najbardziej aktualną sytuację gospodarczą w Zjednoczonym Królestwie Wielkiej Brytanii. Praca wskazuje na koszty utrzymania, z którymi borykają się obecnie osoby dorosłe w ...Wielkiej Brytanii; rosnącą liczbę młodych ludzi niekształcących się, niepracujących ani nieszkolących się; bieżące wydatki socjalne; rosnące koszty utrzymania studentów w Wielkiej Brytanii; średnie płace; wzrost inflacji; wzrost sprzedaży detalicznej; przedsiębiorstwa mające spadek wydajności; wzrost PKB w Anglii w ciągu ostatnich trzech miesięcy; wzrost bierności zawodowej z powodu długotrwałej choroby. Na podstawie dostępnych danych zostało dokonane porównanie w stosunku do sytuacji ekonomicznej w Polsce. Informacje przedstawione w artykule na podstawie Office for National Statistics pomogą: • zrozumieć mocne strony i ograniczenia danych; • dowiedzieć się o istniejących zastosowaniach i użytkownikach danych; • zrozumieć metody stosowane do tworzenia danych; • podjąć decyzję o odpowiednim wykorzystaniu danych; • zmniejszyć ryzyko niewłaściwego wykorzystania danych.
The article presents the most current economic situation in United Kingdom of Great Britain. It shows cost of living which currently facing adults in UK, increase in young people not in training, employment or education, current social spendings, rising cost of living students in the UK, average wages, rise of inflation, retail volume raise, businesses suffer a drop in performance, GDP grow in last three months in England, long term sickness rise in economic inactivity. It was done comparison according to Economic Situation in Poland based on available data base. The information in the ONS report will help to: • see the strengths and data limitations; • learn about current uses and data users; • have a clear the used methods to data creating; • to decide appropriate apply for the data; • minimize the risk of data misusing.
Ensuring stable economic development of the country is the main task of state authorities. Investment security is an important component of economic security, plays an important role during the ...sustainable development of the country’s economy. Modern globalization processes play an important role during the development of the system for the formation and protection of investment security. In addition, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the identification of new negative factors, endogenous and exogenous changes, which have made significant adjustments to the development of a stable economy in the country. To combat this pandemic, a state of emergency was introduced, it concerned either an entire country or a separate region or a separate sphere. The countries of the world, for their part, introduced sanitary and epidemiological measures to avoid the spread of the disease. The rapid introduction of these measures, as well as the development and implementation of steps that dealt with mitigating the consequences of the pandemic, caused a slowdown in economic development not only in the countries of the world, but also in Ukraine. The main factor in determining the level of investment security can be a study of the state of the investment climate in the country. The pandemic significantly affected the stability of the economy, in particular, created a negative field for ensuring investment security. Investments, being a long-term «feeding» of the economy, is not only a key condition for modernizing the national economy, but also the main factor of its economic security. The «safe» properties of investments are determined by the ability to make capital investments and production savings at a level that guarantees sufficient rates of expanded reproduction, technological re-equipment and economic restructuring, directly increases the potential for protecting economic interests from threats of various approaches. GDP. Assessment of the current level of investment made it possible to determine the adequacy of the provision of the Ukrainian economy with investments, is an indicator of the country’s investment security.
Keywords: investment security, pandemic, GDP, financial and economic situation, government institutions, investment climate.
JEL Classification H20, H83, H44, E44, L51, F52
Formulas: 3; fig.: 1; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 38.
Priorytetami na najbliższe lata są reformy strukturalne (OECD, 2021):
• wykształcenie i umiejętności: promowanie uczestnictwa w uczeniu się przez całe życie;
• rynek pracy: zwiększenie wskaźnika ...aktywności zawodowej starszych pracowników i kobiet;
• polityka środowiskowa: zmniejszenie poziomu zanieczyszczenia powietrza i emisji dwutlenku węgla;
• opieka zdrowotna: poprawa efektywności opieki zdrowotnej i długoterminowej;
• konkurencja i regulacje: złagodzenie przepisów biznesowych i usprawnienie postępowań upadłościowych.
Rekomendacja dla polityki gospodarczej w Polsce na najbliższe lata powinna uwzględniać następujące
aspekty: zapewnienie spójności polityki fiskalnej i monetarnej (tzw. policy mix) oraz przywrócenie
wiarygodności każdej z tych polityk, stabilizacja finansów publicznych, wzmocnienie wolnorynkowego podejścia w gospodarce, uruchamianie KPO, pobudzanie inwestycji, w tym transformacja energetyczna,
niezależność banków od polityki.
Wskazano na następujące zagrożenia dla polskiej gospodarki: inflacja, wzrost cen energii, konflikt między
Rosją a Ukrainą, COVID-19, mniejsza konsumpcja, rosnące bezrobocie. Aby chronić polską gospodarkę i jej
pomagać, powinno się uwzględniać wiele różnych aspektów w szeroko rozumianych obszarach polityki
fiskalnej i makroekonomicznej. Trzeba rozważyć współpracę wszystkich instytucji z rządem w celu wybrania
najlepszych opcji ochrony polskiej gospodarki. Należy wskazać zatem na współpracę środowiska akademickiego
ze środowiskiem politycznym w celu wybrania najlepszej opcji gospodarczej w zaistniałej sytuacji
The priorities for next years are structural reforms (OECD, 2021):
• education and skills: promote participation in lifelong learning;
• labor market: increase the labor force participation rate of older workers and women;
• environmental policy: reduce air pollution levels and carbon emissions;
• healthcare: improve efficiency in health and long-term care;
• competition and regulation: ease business regulations and improve bankruptcy proceedings.
Recommendation for business policy for coming years in Poland should take following aspects under consideration:
ensuring the coherence of fiscal and monetary policies (the so-called policy mix) and restoring
credibility each of these policies, stabilization of public finances, strengthening free market approach in
the economy, launching KPO, stimulating investments, including energy transformation, the independence
of banks from politics. It has been shown the following threats for Polish economy: inflation, energy
price rise, conflict between Russia and Ukraine, COVID-19, lower consumption, rising unemployment .
To protect and to help Polish economy should take under consideration many different aspects in wide
understanding areas in fiscal and macroeconomic policy. Cooperation of all institutions with government
should be considered to pick up the best options to protect the Polish economy.
The article considers examples of the use of financial instruments as integral elements of speculative transactions in the stock market. The general trend of world exchange trade is described, ...considering the influence of various factors on the market situation. Partial analysis of fundamental and technical factors is used. One of the options trading options was used as a clear example of the practical use of derivative financial instruments. The authors point out the main advantages and disadvantages of options trading, emphasizing a rational approach to the choice of trading strategy and market analysis in general. It is emphasized that the choice of strategy and principle of trade is purely individual, where each market participant has its point of view, so decision-making ultimately leads to the responsibility of the trader. Emphasis is placed on the specificity and uniqueness of options trading, which is always accompanied by complexity, risks and is always associated with potential losses.
Objective : to determine the impact of socio-demographic factors and characteristics of political and economic changes on corruption. Methods : the work uses the methods of comparative analysis, ...construction of conjugation tables, and the index method; the information base is the public opinion monitoring data in Vologda oblast, with 1,500 respondents filling in questionnaires at their place of residence. The sample is random and quota; representativeness is ensured by the proportions observed between the residents of settlements of different types, gender and age structure of the population; sampling error does not exceed 3 %. Results : manifestations of corruption have been the subject matter of scientific discourse for quite a long time, but the research approaches have been constantly expanding from the historical, legal, and economic points of view. The article considers corruption as a multidimensional phenomenon and analyzes it from the perspective of an integrative approach, which implies taking into account territorial aspects, socio-demographic factors, and the citizens’ perception of the political and economic situation in the country and in the region. The analysis of the assessment results of the public opinion about the corruption level in the region showed that the authorities and the health care system are the most susceptible to corruption. The assessment of the territorial prevalence of corruption showed that the corruption index values along the “center – periphery” line are higher in the regional center than in the districts. It was also revealed that differences in the socio-demographic characteristics insignificantly influence the perception of changes in the corruption level, unlike the perception of corruption depending on the economic and political situation in the region. Scientific novelty : Based on the analysis of the results of the corruption level monitoring in the region, it is shown that positive assessments of the political and economic situation are associated with an unchanged or decreased level of corruption perception. Hence, good and very good assessments of the economic situation were more often associated with a decrease in the corruption level last year. Practical significance : the identified links between corruption, socio-demographic, political and economic factors can serve as a basis for adjusting and improving anti-corruption policy at the regional and state level.
Increasing the competitiveness of Hungarian crop production plays a key role in moving forward at the international level. However, improving efficiency and profitability is essential in this regard. ...The natural resources in Hungary provide an excellent opportunity for crop production. About 8% of the arable land in Hungary (a total of 4.3 million hectares) belongs to farmers in Hajdú-Bihar County. This research is based on secondary data that can be found in the HCSO and EMIS databases. HCSO data was used for the comparison of national and county data characterising crop production, while the EMIS database was used to process the financial data of enterprises dealing with field crop production. The Hungarian sample size is 853, of which 69 enterprises are from Hajdú-Bihar County. The aim of this study is to assess the profitability, assets and financial situation of arable crop production enterprises operating in Hajdú-Bihar County as a function of national average data. Based on the examined profitability indicators (operating ROS and ROA), it was established that the enterprises in Hajdú-Bihar County are profitable, even in a national context. In terms of operating ROS, the farms in the examined county were able to achieve a 3.6 percentage point higher value due to their more efficient cost management, despite having a similar level of technology compared to businesses spanning across the entire country. The proportion of farms with the lowest leverage ratio (<20%) is 16 percentage points higher at the county level than at the national level. In addition, almost 70% of the enterprises operating in Hajdú-Bihar County have excellent liquidity. This rate is 50% at the national level.
Bu çalışma, Mardin ilinde küçükbaş hayvancılık üreticilerinin sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri, desteklemelerden faydalanma durumları, birliğe üye olma durumları, hayvan sağlığı uygulamaları ve sorunlarını ...tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma 2019 yılı Şubat ve Haziran ayları arasında yürütülmüş olup araştırma materyalini Mardin ilinin 4 ilçesinde tabakalı tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 142 işletmede yapılan anket verileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler neticesinde işletmelerde ortalama 197.4 baş hayvan varlığı olduğu ve işletmelerin % 16.2’sinin hayvancılığı sadece ailenin hayvansal ürün ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde hayvan sayısı arttıkça bilgiye ulaşma isteği ve desteklemelerden faydalanma durumunda artış gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde Mardin ilinde küçükbaş hayvancılık faaliyetlerinin gelişmesini önleyen en önemli faktörlerin başında yem giderlerinin yüksek olması ve çoban sıkıntısının geldiği belirlenmiş olup gençlerin hayvancılık faaliyetlerine yönlendirilmesi için çobanlık mesleğinin cazibeli hale getirilmesi önerilmiştir.
The current study was undertaken to investigate the socio-economic characteristics, the situations of benefits from subsidies, the participation of union membership, and the animal care practices and problems of the small ruminants' farmers in Mardin. The study was conducted between February and June 2019 by analyzing self-reported questionnaire data involving 142 participant enterprises selected by stratified random sampling method in 4 districts of Mardin province. Analyzed data obtained from the study displayed that there was an average of 197.4 heads of animals in the enterprises, and 16.2% of the enterprises were engaged in livestock production only to meet their family needs. As the number of animals increased in the enterprises, the desire to reach the information and the situation of benefiting from the supports increased. Results obtained showed that the most important factors preventing the development of small ruminant farming activities in Mardin province were high feed costs and shepherd shortage. In line with this data, making the shepherding occupation attractive was suggested to tend young people to be employed in the small livestock-keeping activities.
The current study was undertaken to investigate the socio-economic characteristics, the situations of benefits from subsidies, the participation of union membership, and the animal care practices and ...problems of the small ruminants' farmers in Mardin. The study was conducted between February and June 2019 by analyzing self-reported questionnaire data involving 142 participant enterprises selected by stratified random sampling method in 4 districts of Mardin province. Analyzed data obtained from the study displayed that there was an average of 197.4 heads of animals in the enterprises, and 16.2% of the enterprises were engaged in livestock production only to meet their family needs. As the number of animals increased in the enterprises, the desire to reach the information and the situation of benefiting from the supports increased. Results obtained showed that the most important factors preventing the development of small ruminant farming activities in Mardin province were high feed costs and shepherd shortage. In line with this data, making the shepherding occupation attractive was suggested to tend young people to be employed in the small livestock-keeping activities.
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