We are used to thinking about inequality within countries--about rich Americans versus poor Americans, for instance. But what about inequality between all citizens of the world? Worlds Apart ...addresses just how to measure global inequality among individuals, and shows that inequality is shaped by complex forces often working in different directions. Branko Milanovic, a top World Bank economist, analyzes income distribution worldwide using, for the first time, household survey data from more than 100 countries. He evenhandedly explains the main approaches to the problem, offers a more accurate way of measuring inequality among individuals, and discusses the relevant policies of first-world countries and nongovernmental organizations.
From a Nobel Prize–winning pioneer in environmental economics, an innovative account of how and why "green thinking" could cure many of the world's most serious problems—from global warming to ...pandemics Solving the world's biggest problems—from climate catastrophe and pandemics to wildfires and corporate malfeasance—requires, more than anything else, coming up with new ways to manage the powerful interactions that surround us. For carbon emissions and other environmental damage, this means ensuring that those responsible pay their full costs rather than continuing to pass them along to others, including future generations. In The Spirit of Green, Nobel Prize–winning economist William Nordhaus describes a new way of green thinking that would help us overcome our biggest challenges without sacrificing economic prosperity, in large part by accounting for the spillover costs of economic collisions.In a discussion that ranges from the history of the environmental movement to the Green New Deal, Nordhaus explains how the spirit of green thinking provides a compelling and hopeful new perspective on modern life. At the heart of green thinking is a recognition that the globalized world is shaped not by isolated individuals but rather by innumerable interactions inside and outside the economy. He shows how rethinking economic efficiency, sustainability, politics, profits, taxes, individual ethics, corporate social responsibility, finance, and more would improve the effectiveness and equity of our society. And he offers specific solutions—on how to price carbon, how to pursue low-carbon technologies, how to design an efficient tax system, and how to foster international cooperation through climate clubs.The result is a groundbreaking new vision of how we can have our environment and our economy too.
How can small cities make an impact in a globalizing world dominated by ‘world cities’ and urban development strategies aimed at increasing agglomeration? This book addresses the challenges of ...smaller cities trying to put themselves on the map, attract resources and initiate development. Placemaking has become an important tool for driving urban development that is sensitive to the needs of communities. This volume examines the development of creative placemaking practices that can help to link small cities to external networks, stimulate collaboration and help them make the most of the opportunities presented by the knowledge economy. The authors argue that the adoption of more strategic, holistic placemaking strategies that engage all stakeholders can be a successful alternative to copying bigger places. Drawing on a range of examples from around the world, they analyse small city development strategies and identify key success factors. This book focuses on the case of ‘s-Hertogenbosch, a small Dutch city that used cultural programming to link itself to global networks and stimulate economic, cultural, social and creative development. It advocates the use of cultural programming strategies as a more flexible alternative to traditional top-down planning approaches and as a means of avoiding copying the big city. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Knowing the structure and dynamics of the economy in an area is an important prerequisite for generating a good development strategy. The Shift-share method enables deeper insights into the dynamics ...of structural changes in the local economy and provides the opportunity to make a first assessment of the level of competitiveness of the overall local economy as well as the competitiveness of individual components or activities. An important advantage of this method is that it allows to distinguish the impact of different components on local growth (national component, mix-component and local component). This paper will analyze the long-term structural changes in the economy of Bjelovar-Bilogora County. In particular, the hypothesis on the monostructural characteristics of the County’s economy will be examined and differences in the competitiveness of individual sectors will be pointed out, which is the basis for long-term planning of structural changes through which a higher growth rate and employment can be ensured.
Metrics matter for policy and policy matters for well-being. In this report, the co-chairs of the OECD-hosted High Level Expert Group on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, ...Joseph E. Stiglitz, Jean-Paul Fitoussi and Martine Durand, show how over-reliance on GDP as the.
The UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics was first launched in 1967. Over the past 50 years, the handbook has evolved to incorporate new statistics and ensure that readers have access to the best possible ...information available. The 2017 edition of the Handbook continues in this tradition of excellence and innovation. On the 50th anniversary of the first UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics, we are proud to launch our new and updated version. This new presentation style is designed to integrate the detailed and lengthy statistical time-series available on our UNCTADstat data center with summary tables, state-of-the-art charts, maps and modern infographics.
U radu se autori fokusiraju na lokalne i prekogranične migracijske procese u sjevernoj Dalmaciji i njihov utjecaj na razvoj vranskog feuda tijekom 17. i 18. stoljeća. Nakon kvalitativne analize ...demografske, crkvene i kartografske arhivske građe uspostavljena je veza između ekonomskih i okolišnih procesa i razvoja u nizinskome močvarnom pograničju, u odnosu spram prirodne osnove, geostrateške pozicije te komunikacijsko-komercijalnoga i (i)migracijskog potencijala prostora. U radu se pokušava odgovoriti i na pitanje je li se privatni pothvat melioracije posjeda obitelji Borelli pokazao ekonomski uspješnim ili pak avanturističkim eksperimentom u okolnostima neuspješne sesilizacije doseljenog stanovništva iz Bukovice. Pritom protomoderne lokalne migracije Morlaka rezultiraju njihovim angažmanom na isušivanju močvara i blata, uz već postojeću ulogu u obrani Novoga i Najnovijega mletačkog posjeda od eventualnih ponovnih osmanskih upada. Iako njihovo doseljavanje nema okolišni predznak, u konačnici su oni melioracijom izmijenili okoliš Kotara, usprkos činjenici da je ratarska ekonomska eksploatacija ostala nerazvijena, dok je prevladavajuće stočarenje na plodnoj i melioriranoj zemlji predstavljalo ekonomski neracionalno iskorištavanje zemlje. Način na koji je ravnokotarski kraj demografski, pa i ekonomski profitirao od redistribucija stanovništva iz zaleđa dio je odgovora na demografsku devastaciju izazvanu osmanskim ratovima početkom ranoga novog vijeka, pustošenjem te okolišnim pritiskom na močvarno zemljište nakon mletačke rekonkviste. Nizinski je okoliš izmijenjen melioriranjem zapuštenih vodotoka, čime je čovjek ponovno, prvi put nakon antike, intenzivnije zadirao u okoliš. Ishod toga ranonovovjekovnog sraza ekonomskih i okolišnih interesa na ograničenom prostoru vranskog feuda rezultirao je značajnim razlikama u kvaliteti i predznaku razvoja u kratkoročnoj u odnosu na dugoročnu perspektivu.
Djelovanje institucija pokazalo se iznimno važnim u ostvarenju gospodarskog rasta i razvoja nacionalnih gospodarstava. Osim toga, uočene neravnoteže unutar nacionalnog gospodarstva mogu se ...minimizirati zahvaljujući doprinosu institucija. Stoga je potrebno otkriti prilike i aktivnosti koje bi uz primjenu adekvatne institucionalne implementacije, mogle potaknuti razvoj određenog područja. U Republici Hrvatskoj postoji niska razina poticajnog okruženja za mala i srednja poduzeća kao jednog od pokretača gospodarstva. Osim toga, dijelovi Republike Hrvatske u kojima prevladava primarni sektor generalno su znatno manje razvijeni (primjerice, županije istočne Hrvatske). Stoga je cilj ovoga rada ispitati ulogu i važnost institucija u gospodarskomu razvoju. Također, cilj je otkriti i opisati institucionalne zapreke u promicanju malog i srednjeg poduzetništva te prikazati odabrane primjere promašene institucionalne promocije unutar primarnog sektora, kao gospodarske grane najzastupljenije u dijelovima Republike Hrvatske čiji je razvoj znatno niži od prosjeka ili čak najniži. U radu se pretežno koriste teorijske deskriptivne metode potkrijepljene dodatnim podacima kako bi se potvrdilo postojanje navedenih zapreka unutar malog i srednjeg poduzetništva te primarnog sektora.
The political instability affects the investment especially the foreign investment which has a close relationship with economic development. This paper investigates the mechanism of the economic ...influence of political risk through a case of China. The synthetic control methodwill be used to deal with the problem caused by the counterfactual analysis in the case study. The intense situation of the cross-Taiwan Strait relation has great influence on the economic development of Fujian province because of the closely geographic features and economic links. The empirical result reveals that there is an economic loss measured by GDP per capitain Fujian province as political risk increases. Furthermore, the mechanism is investigated. The result shows that FDI in Fujian province receives adverse impact correspondingly.
PDF
