The presented work is devoted to the development of an information and measuring system for identifying emergency situations arising at public transport facilities. This paper presents statistics on ...the most common types of emergency situations occurring at public transport facilities. The paper considers a limited set of, the most common, emergency situations, automatic selection of which is possible at the present stage of science and technology. A method for classifying emergency situations in a continuous stream of images is proposed. This method is based on the use of a fuzzy classifier based on a fuzzy model based on the Mamdani algorithm. To improve the quality of the classifier, the method for measuring the parameters of emergency situations was modernized in order to exclude from the analysis objects present in the image that are obviously of no interest. To do this, each moving object present at a given moment in time on the scene was subjected to a classification procedure based on a dynamic feature vector. In order to further increase the number of contingencies, the method of classifying contingencies in the continuous flow of images includes two stages: 1) detection of the withdrawal of certain values of the feature vector components outside the defined values; 2) a method for identifying/classifying emergency situations. Testing of the proposed classification method and experimental testing confirmed its effectiveness.
Emergency situations arising out of natural disasters like tsunami, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes or man-made ones like terror strikes, riots, accidents, etc. cause tremendous social and economic ...loss and badly affect the poor in low-income economies, in particular. In this paper, we attempt to see and analyze the relationship between emergencies and online social media, especially Twitter, Facebook, and Youtube. Specifically, we look at three important issues. First, we try to see the effect of occurrence of emergencies on social media. Second, when there is a sudden surge of posts in social media due to the occurrence, how that deluge of data can be effectively extracted and processed to create situational awareness and minimize the damage due to the disaster. Third, how different social media posts can help different government and other agencies to get prepared and to take necessary steps to manage emergencies in order to minimize the loss. In this survey, the papers centered around emergencies and its effect on social media and different organizations related to crisis management are considered that are published in the past decade.
•The papers included here represent the development of the field in the last decade, specifically (2007–2019).•We attempted to include papers from both theory and practice covering the techniques and methodologies of using social media data.•We explored the domain from three different angles and included the papers from each such perspectives.
Smart cities provide new applications based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Moreover, Software Defined Networks (SDNs) offer the possibility of controlling the network based on applications ...requirements. One of the main problems that arise when an emergency happens is minimizing the delay time in emergency resource forwarding so as to reduce both human and material damages. In this paper, a new control system based on the integration of SDN and IoT in smart city environments is proposed. This control system actuates when an emergency happens and modifies dynamically the routes of normal and emergency urban traffic in order to reduce the time that the emergency resources need to get to the emergency area. The architecture is based on a set of IoT networks composed by traffic lights, traffic cameras and an algorithm. The algorithm controls the request of resources and the modification of routes in order to ease the movement of emergency service units. Afterwards, the proposal is tested by emulating a Smart City as a SDN-utilizing Mininet. The experiments show that the delay of the emergency traffic improves in a 33% when the algorithm is running. Moreover, the energy consumed by the IoT nodes is modeled and the obtained results display that it increases linearly with the number of nodes, therefore, the proposal is scalable.
•We present a hybrid IoT-SDN architecture for smart cities.•We introduce a message protocol to handle emergency alerts.•We propose an algorithm to modify the traffic routes in a smart city using IoT nodes.•We use an energy model to calculate the energy consumed by the IoT nodes.•It reduces the time needed by an emergency resource to arrive to an emergency area.
The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based communication has been emerged as a feasible solution for remote applications such as disaster management, and search and rescue due to its mobility and cost ...efficiency. The prior researches in this domain focused on positioning and path planning of UAVs; however, these approaches faced several limitations due to adverse weather conditions of the environment. In this paper, the impact of weather-based positioning and path planning of UAVs (IWPOP-UAV) is carried out to achieve increased QoS, reliability and energy efficiency in UAV communications. Initially, the prediction of weather conditions in the emergency situations is performed by utilizing the Cerebral Long Short-Term Memory (C-LSTM) which possesses negligible training loss and increased accuracy. The cell-based partitioning of emergency area is carried out in order to determine the target UEs. The decision upon number and position of the UAVs in each cell is provided by the A3C algorithm based on weather conditions and other significant factors thereby achieving increased coverage ratio and minimal requirement of UAV transmit power. The path planning of the UAV in order to perform effective collection of data is considered as a multi-objective optimization problem and executed by using Mayfly Optimization Algorithm (MOA). By doing so, the proposed approach is able to achieve increased QoS, reliability and energy efficiency in UAV based communication. The proposed IWPOP-UAV approach is experimented in NS 3.26 and evaluated in terms of performance metrics such as coverage ratio, cell coverage, delay, path gain, number of collected packets, UAV transmit power, and energy consumption. The results obtained are summarized and concluded to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Background and Objective: One of the most important challenges that is considered in process industries to improve performance and increase productivity is the optimization of the incident command ...system (ICS). It is a standard approach to control and coordinate the management of incidents on the scene. The present study aims to evaluate and prioritize the factors affecting the effectiveness of the ICS using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methods in process industries in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this research, firstly, a questionnaire was compiled and designed using the AHP method in order to weigh the criteria and prioritize them, and a questionnaire was designed using the DEMATEL method in order to determine the effectiveness and mutual effect of the criteria and sub-criteria. Thereafter, the questionnaires were completed by 15 incident commanders, process industry safety officials, and crisis management activists working in the oil and petrochemical industry. Results: Based on the results, AHP analysis ranked 'command' highest with a standard weight of 0.256. DEMATEL results demonstrated 'command' as the most influential (standard weight of 10.59), effective (11.9), and interactive (21.96) indicator. 'Standardization' (1.35) and 'professionalism' (1.19) emerged as causal factors, while 'command' (-0.50), 'planning/organizational structure' (-1), 'facilities and resources' (-0.18), and 'disability index' were responsive indicators. Conclusion: According to the results of both AHP and DEMATEL methods, the command index assumes critical importance and effectiveness in the success of the incident command system in process industries in Iran.
The article contains the results of research on the organization and course of communication (contacts) in emergency situations, e.g., the COVID 19 pandemic (border closure, quarantine, social ...distance, epidemiological supervision). The conducted research concerned the contact of children in foster families in emergency situations with their natural parents with the use of electronic communication, which has been standardized by Polish law. The diversified involvement of natural parents in contacts as well as the low use of electronic communication means for contacts was indicated. The obtained research results make it possible to recommend the use of children in foster families in emergency situations with natural parents from electronic communication means in emergency situations, such as pandemics, epidemics, long-term separation in the vast majority of cases. Such solutions should be legally established as alternatives. The conducted research and analysis of results supplement the knowledge in the field of communication, education and organizational solutions for communication in emergency situations. The author, analyzing the common phenomenon of the effectiveness of contacts between natural parents and children staying in foster families in emergency situations, analyzed the involvement of the natural family and foster family from the perspective of emergency situations and the possibilities offered by electronic communication means.
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