The article is devoted to the literary heritage of the Russian emigration in China and the Russian cultural code, which was preserved in the works of emigrants. A brief overview of the scientific ...literature, which formed the basis of the research methodology, and a description of the centers of Russian emigration in the Middle Kingdom - Harbin and Shanghai, the living conditions of emigrants are given. The relevance of the topic is due to the attention of modern researchers to the insufficiently studied literary heritage of the “eastern branch” of the Russian emigration.The material for the research was the works from the ten-volume “Literature of Russian emigrants in China” published in 2005 in Beijing. In this work, an integrated research approach is used, when various literary methods are combined with general scientific, linguistic, and private ones. The ten-volume collection includes the works of almost a hundred of Russian writers and poets in China, who for various reasons found themselves in emigration in Harbin, Shanghai and other Chinese cities. This work reveals the frequency themes of emigre creativity: Motherland, China-stepmother, historical events, faith in God, separation, longing for the Fatherland, etc. Basically, these are cultural codes, encoded information transmitted to us by our ancestors and allowing us to identify Russian culture: “Motherland”， “Holy Russia”，“Faith”，“God”，“Icon”，“Love”，“Home”， “Family”，“Soul”，“Hope”，“War”，“Separation”，“Foreign”， “Longing for the Homeland”，etc., as well as concepts (code units) that make up the concept sphere of the Russian picture of the world.The peculiar cultural mission of the Russian writers and poets of the “eastern branch” is that their literature is as much a cultural monument of their time as the works of emigrant writers of the “western branch”. Russian emigrants not only preserved their native culture, language, traditions, religion in exile but also increased the cultural heritage of Russia. The literary work of Russian emigrants in China should become a full-fledged part of the great Russian literature. Keywords: Russian emigrant literature, Russia, China, cultural heritage, cultural code, theme
L’article est écrit pour honorer le centenaire de la naissance du poète, typographe, peintre, imprimeur et éditeur Jean Vodaine. Il est né à Čiginj, en Slovénie, le 6 juillet 1921, dans une famille ...ouvrière qui déménagé en Lorraine en 1924. Au début de sa carrière, Jean Vodaine travaille comme ouvrier parallèlement à ses activités artistiques. Après un grave accident, il se consacre entièrement à l’art. Il est le fondateur de Dire, revue littéraire régionale mais de portée internationale, autour de laquelle il réunit des poètes du monde entier. Il l’a lui-même mise en page et imprimée sur sa propre presse. Il a mis l’accent sur la conception typographique des textes, ce qui fait de ses revues des Gesamkunstwerks. L’importance de son travail réside dans le fait qu’il ait réussi à apporter la culture dans une région culturellement moins développée profitant de sa position « carrefour » où se sont rencontrées les influences et les artistes allemands, français, belges, luxembourgeois et immigrés. Il avait des liens avec le cercle des artistes de l’art brut dont plusieurs membres, comme Vodaine, appartenaient à la classe ouvrière. Pour les Slovènes, il est important en tant que promoteur de la poésie slovène en France. Sa double identité nationale et linguistique aussi bien que la qualité de ses œuvres le rendent intéressant du point de vue biographique ainsi que du point de vue esthétique encore au 21ème siècle, bien qu’il soit relativement inconnu dans son pays natal. Jean Vodaine est décédé le 8 août 2006.
Tsvetaeva spent seventeen years in exile and could not avoid the topic of nostal¬gia. However, her solution of the theme is polemical against the dominant tendencies in emigrant literature. Instead ...of aspiration to return to a concrete place, to the unchangeable organization of life (prerevolutionary Russia), she forges baroque-romantic type of nostal¬gia as a desire for eternal movement following a mobile target (after Charles Baudelaire).
Deepak Unnikrishnan's debut text, Temporary People, attempts to explore certain vulnerabilities and anxieties of transience that accompany emigrants to the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, where ...citizenship is not an option. By representing one of the largest Gulf diaspora in contemporary history-the Keralan emigrants or pravasis-as spectral figures and as absence-presences that signal a non-present presence in the Gulf, Unnikrishnan's book attempts to retrieve and register their occulted histories on the Gulf landscape. In particular, this article explores how, by creating a Keralan Gulf-pravasi spectre, Unnikrishnan critically engages with a more varied version of Gulf diasporic experience and, therefore, a more complex definition of emigration itself.
The article is devoted to the Russian emigrant collection in Hamilton Library, University of Hawaii (Honolulu, USA). The range of Russian emigrant literature covers materials published in China, ...Korea, Japan, Australia, Alaska, the Pacific coast of the United States, and South America. The children literature collection is a special value. Besides there are archival materials devoted to Russians in the Asia-Pacific region. The history of its formation is described.
The article deals with the problem of formation of poetic self-determination in early works of the Russian émigré poetesses M. Vizi, E. Grot, O. Skopichenko. They belong to two branches of the ...Russian émigré literature of the first wave: eastern and western (American). They left early enough Russia and moved to the Far East, where M. Vizi and O. Skopichenko published their first collections of poems. Later all three poetesses settled in San-Francisco and they were among the organizers and members of the Literary-Art Circle. There communication of creativity of these authors with the Russian tradition of the Silver age, in particular with the Russian symbolism is analyzed in the article. It is noted that during an initial period their poetry has literature-oriented character that is caused by the cultural and historical and biographic reasons. The role of A. Blok`s poetic traditions, the systems of motives, images in M. Vizi, O. Skopichenko and E. Grot’s early works are considered. Authors of the article examine the value of a figure of the poet of the Silver age for poetic self-determination in poetry of all three poetesses as well as the idea of a „zhiznestroyeniye“ in early poems of M. Vizi. It is revealed that a framework of modernism extends and there is a ties with classical tradition in the poetry of E. Grot and O. Skopichenko. Poetic self-determination is connected with search of a spiritual way in M. Vizi’s art and the aspiration to return home and overcome an exile in O. Skopichenko’s poetry. In O. Skopichenko’s poems there are the feeling of bitterness of emigration, constant recollecting of fleeing trauma and hopelessness. The poetic path of E. Grot is connected not only with tragic experience of exile, but with the tragedy of the person in the XX century. Also, some specific features of early poetry of three poetesses are shown in the article; some features of poetics and style are analyzed.
U ovome su radu istraženi i opisani motivi, stil i poetika Malkice Dugeč, hrvatske pjesnikinje koja živi i radi u Stuttgartu u Njemačkoj. Težište rada je na analizi stilskih figura u autoričinu ...pjesništvu čitanih kroz prizmu studije Luke Zime „Figure u našem narodnom pjesništvu” te kroz prizmu čitanja modernih književnih povjesničara i teoretičara Cvjetka Milanje i Krešimira Bagića. U radu je istražena povezanost poezije Malkice Dugeč s dvama dominantnim modelima u hrvatskome pjesništvu druge polovice 20. stoljeća, gnoseološkom i semiotičkom, odnosno naraštajna autoričina pozicija. Posebna pažnja u radu se pridaje odnosu prema hrvatskome jeziku kao ne samo ključnoj temi autoričina lirskoga opusa, nego ujedno glavnoj preokupaciji njezina društveno-političkog angažmana. Istraživanjem se dolazi do zaključka kako Malkica Dugeč, kao jedna od najznačajnijih hrvatskih izvandomovinskih pjesnikinja, uvelike reprezentira nacionalnu književnost koja nastaje izvan Republike Hrvatske, a posebice hrvatsku emigrantsku književnost. Izvandomovinska pozicija snažno se upisala u strukturu autoričina pjesništva, u prvome redu na razini motiva, a potom i stila i stilske figuracije, što za posljedicu ima i relativnu distanciranost od aktualnih pjesničkih praksi matične, odnosno domovinske hrvatske književnosti.
В статье рассматривается важная для эпохи 1920-30-х годов проблема написания литературных биографий, как она ставилась и решалась в литературе и критике русского зарубежья и Советской России. ...Биографии русских писателей-классиков рассматриваются в качестве особой формы сохранения национальной культуры, особой формы мышления об этой культуре, особой формы идеологической и философской полемики. На примере биографических текстов В. Ходасевича, К. Мочульского, Б. Зайцева, В. Набокова выделяются характерные черты биографий русских писателей-классиков,
Abstract. The author of article considers a problem of a writing of literary biographies which was important for an epoch of 1920-30th years. This problem is studied on an example of the literature and the literary criticism of Russian abroad and the Soviet Russia. Biographies of Russian writers are considered as the form of preservation of national culture, as the reflexion about culture, as the form of ideological and philosophical polemic. Characteristic lines of literary biographies are studied on an example of biographies of the Russian writers created by V. Khodasevich,
The article deals with various aspects of the reception of the concepts "Own" and "Alien" in S. Dovlatov's "Suitcase" cycle: material, ideological, philosophical, socio - and ethnocultural, etc. ...Special attention is paid to the reception of the categories of Soviet and official as not-Own. An important component of the problem of Own and Alien in the "Suitcase" cycle is also the attitude of the hero-narrator to Soviet and American culture. Widely articulated desire to associate his biography and professional activities allows us to conclude about the hero’s attempt to position himself as a person outside the Soviet system. The appeal to the realities of culture helps the author to identify their value orientations and express their attitude to people and the world. Certainly, the significance of the problem of the correlation of Own and Alien in the literary heritage of S. Dovlatov is predetermined by his status as a dissident writer and an immigrant writer. However, the writer is not characterized by a tendency toward the antithetic character of creating an opposition between Own and Alien. In the art world of S. Dovlatov, there are no types of "stigmatized Alien" and "hostile Alien". Moreover, the model of his interaction with the world is defined as "Own among your Own".
The first part of the book discusses the position of Slovenian émigré literature and its place in the framework of Slovenian national literature and culture. In the second part, the most significant ...immigrant writers in Slovenia are presented, and their position in the cultural context of Slovenia is analyzed. The third part comprises a broader examination of the immigrants’ position in Slovenia, their (cultural, socio-economic, political) integration, and the level of their equality regarding the status of their cultural-artistic activities and their affirmation in broader Slovenian society. The last part of the book opens a number of comparisons between the positions of Slovenian emigrants and the immigrants in Slovenia.The comparative analysis focuses on the factors influencing cultural life of the immigrant community as such. This is followed by a chapter on literary bilingualism among emigrant/immigrant writers. The concluding chapters continue to problematize the concept of a single “national language” as the demarcation line between national literatures. A theoretical concept of a “concentric paradigm of national literature” is introduced. The authors of the included foreword and review are Matjaž Hanžek and Aleš Debeljak.
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