Optimization is a mathematical tool developed in the early 1960's used to find the most efficient and feasible solutions to an engineering problem. It can be used to find ideal shapes and physical ...configurations, ideal structural designs, maximum energy efficiency, and many other desired goals of engineering. This book is intended for use in a first course on engineering design and optimization. Material for the text has evolved over a period of several years and is based on classroom presentations for an undergraduate core course on the principles of design. Virtually any problem for which certain parameters need to be determined to satisfy constraints can be formulated as a design optimization problem. The concepts and methods described in the text are quite general and applicable to all such formulations. Inasmuch, the range of application of the optimum design methodology is almost limitless, constrained only by the imagination and ingenuity of the user. The book describes the basic concepts and techniques with only a few simple applications. Once they are clearly understood, they can be applied to many other advanced applications that are discussed in the text. * Allows engineers involved in the design process to adapt optimum design concepts in their work using the material in the text * Basic concepts of optimality conditions and numerical methods are described with simple examples, making the material high teachable and learnable * Classroom-tested for many years to attain optimum pedagogical effectiveness
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in applications ranging from electric vehicles to wearable devices. Before the invention of secondary LIBs, the primary lithium-thionyl chloride ...(Li-SOCl.sub.2) battery was developed in the 1970s using SOCl.sub.2 as the catholyte, lithium metal as the anode and amorphous carbon as the cathode.sup.1-7. This battery discharges by lithium oxidation and catholyte reduction to sulfur, sulfur dioxide and lithium chloride, is well known for its high energy density and is widely used in real-world applications; however, it has not been made rechargeable since its invention.sup.8-13. Here we show that with a highly microporous carbon positive electrode, a starting electrolyte composed of aluminium chloride in SOCl.sub.2 with fluoride-based additives, and either sodium or lithium as the negative electrode, we can produce a rechargeable Na/Cl.sub.2 or Li/Cl.sub.2 battery operating via redox between mainly Cl.sub.2/Cl.sup.- in the micropores of carbon and Na/Na.sup.+ or Li/Li.sup.+ redox on the sodium or lithium metal. The reversible Cl.sub.2/NaCl or Cl.sub.2/LiCl redox in the microporous carbon affords rechargeability at the positive electrode side and the thin alkali-fluoride-doped alkali-chloride solid electrolyte interface stabilizes the negative electrode, both are critical to secondary alkali-metal/Cl.sub.2 batteries.
When an innovation is inspired by design, it transcends technology and utility. The design delights the user, seamlessly integrating the physical object, a service, and its use into something whole. ...A design-inspired innovation is so simple that it becomes an extension of the user. It creates meaning and a new language.
This study proposes a novel population-based metaheuristic algorithm called the Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA), inspired by the gazelles’ survival ability in their predator-dominated ...environment. Every day, the gazelle knows that if it does not outrun and outmaneuver its predators, it becomes meat for the day, and to survive, the gazelles have to escape from their predators consistently. This information is vital to proposing a new metaheuristic algorithm that uses the gazelle’s survival abilities to solve real-world optimization problems. The exploitation phase of the algorithm simulates the gazelles grazing peacefully in the absence of the predator or while the predator is stalking it. The GOA goes into the exploration phase once a predator is spotted. The exploration phase consists of the gazelle outrunning and outmaneuvering the predator to a safe haven. These two phases are iteratively repeated, subject to the termination criteria, and finding optimal solutions to the optimization problems. The robustness and efficiency of the developed algorithm as an optimization tool were tested using benchmark optimization test functions and selected engineering design problems (fifteen classical, ten composited functions, and four mechanical engineering design problems). The results of the GOA are compared with nine other state-of-the-art algorithms. The simulation results obtained confirm the superiority and competitiveness of the GOA algorithm over nine state-of-the-art algorithms available in the literature. Also, the standard statistical analysis test carried out on the results further confirmed the ability of GOA to find solutions to the selected optimization problems. It also showed that GOA performed better or, in some cases, was very competitive with some state-of-the-art algorithms. Also, the results show that GOA is a potent tool for optimization that can be adapted to solve problems in different optimization domains.
Metamodeling is becoming a rather popular means to approximate the expensive simulations in today’s complex engineering design problems since accurate metamodels can bring in a lot of benefits. The ...metamodel accuracy, however, heavily depends on the locations of the observed points. Adaptive sampling, as its name suggests, places more points in regions of interest by learning the information from previous data and metamodels. Consequently, compared to traditional space-filling sampling approaches, adaptive sampling has great potential to build more accurate metamodels with fewer points (simulations), thereby gaining increasing attention and interest by both practitioners and academicians in various fields. Noticing that there is a lack of reviews on adaptive sampling for global metamodeling in the literature, which is needed, this article categorizes, reviews, and analyzes the state-of-the-art single−/multi-response adaptive sampling approaches for global metamodeling in support of simulation-based engineering design. In addition, we also review and discuss some important issues that affect the success of an adaptive sampling approach as well as providing brief remarks on adaptive sampling for other purposes. Last, challenges and future research directions are provided and discussed.
Design research is a fast-growing field of inquiry with significant importance in terms of helping society to create products and processes of improved quality and for enhancing the environment in ...which we live. The step-wise, hands-on approach of DRM studies the ways in which design research can best be undertaken to address specific questions. This study gives rise, for the first time, to a generic and systematic design research methodology intended to improve the quality of design research – its academic credibility, industrial significance and societal contribution – by enabling more thorough, efficient and effective procedures. Professors Blessing and Chakrabarti provide a comprehensive list of types of design research linked to appropriate research methods – familiar as well as new – and supported by illustrative examples throughout the text. Furthermore, the book points the way to more detailed sources of various established research methods that can be applied. The practical emphasis of the text is reinforced by a whole section of design research project examples contributed by eminent design researchers and placed in the context of the proposed methodology to demonstrate the application of the variety of approaches available in a structured fashion. DRM, a Design Research Methodology, speaks to a broad readership: it will provide the graduate student with an excellent grounding in good design research practice, inculcating good habits of research for the future and showing how the process of understanding and improving design can become more effective and efficient, it will interest the academic and industrial researcher as a source of useful and well-ordered methods within a common design research ethos, as well as a methodological framework for research projects and programmes, it will attract the supervisors of young researchers by offering research methods and a well-thought-out and logically structured research process for u
The international sanctions on Russian industry necessitate the study of consumer behavior in such conditions. Legal aspects of economic regulation are reviewed. Analysis of what is entailed in ...protecting the social and economic rights of Russian citizens permits clearer understanding of the sanctions’ influence on consumer behavior. Measures to stabilize the Russian economy are evaluated, and the current circumstances of industry and citizens are discussed.
In this paper, a new stochastic optimizer, which is called slime mould algorithm (SMA), is proposed based on the oscillation mode of slime mould in nature. The proposed SMA has several new features ...with a unique mathematical model that uses adaptive weights to simulate the process of producing positive and negative feedback of the propagation wave of slime mould based on bio-oscillator to form the optimal path for connecting food with excellent exploratory ability and exploitation propensity. The proposed SMA is compared with up-to-date metaheuristics using an extensive set of benchmarks to verify its efficiency. Moreover, four classical engineering problems are utilized to estimate the efficacy of the algorithm in optimizing constrained problems. The results demonstrate that the proposed SMA benefits from competitive, often outstanding performance on different search landscapes. The source codes of SMA are publicly available at http://www.alimirjalili.com/SMA.html and https://tinyurl.com/Slime-mould-algorithm.
•An abstract simulation of the bio-oscillator of slime mould by SMA.•Vibration parameters balance the exploration and exploitation.•Fitness evaluation parameter p optimize location updating.•The utilization of historical information orientated weights.
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