Building on the network and institutional environment perspectives, this study examines the foreign market entry strategies of 851 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based in Taiwan, a newly ...industrialized economy. From the network perspective, our findings show that SMEs prefer to enter new markets in two distinct ways: (1) through wholly-owned subsidiaries when they are following their customers into a host country, or when the operations in a host country have more internal network linkages; and (2) through joint ventures when they have stronger supplier relationships. From the institutional environment perspective, SMEs set up wholly-owned subsidiaries when they perceive differences in the macro-economic and industrial-policy environment in a host country; however, they will choose to enter into joint ventures if they perceive a significant degree of socio-cultural difference in a host country. As SMEs decide on entry strategies, they must carefully consider not only the different types of network resource, but also the influence of institutional factors in host countries.
This paper analyzes the internationalization of new multinationals from emerging countries. It also focuses on Production's role in firm internationalization, a subject seldom addressed because the ...discipline of International Manufacturing is still embryonic, while International Business tends to overlook production. The authors integrate International Business and International Manufacturing concepts and frameworks in order to analyze new multinationals from emerging countries, using the empirical evidence of a survey plus case studies of Brazilian multinationals for understanding late-movers’ strategies and competences, with emphasis on production.
The shopping center sector has been growing steadily over the last years in Latin America. Many countries such as Chile, Mexico, and Brazil lead the industry in the region, with so many projects ...still under development and different companies with international expansion perspectives in their portfolio. The purpose of this paper is to identify which are the most recommendable entry mode strategies for Latin American countries and which are the essential resources and capabilities that a shopping center company needs to develop to increase the likelihood of success in the sector. Thus, different factors, such as political, economic, and social factors, which impact the industry operation, are analyzed to create a high-level overview of this industry's most important subjects. For this purpose, primary and secondary data are used, based on a literature review and an empirical qualitative study, giving information of the Chilean Commercial Real Estate company, and interviewing its top managers. Thereby, the results lead to an entry strategy proposal into the Mexican market, identifying the most important shopping centers in the country, the main actors, and the best opportunities to enter.
A long-term perspective on the evolution of inward and outward foreign investment in Portugal over the twentieth century has been absent from the existing literature. In a few cases the analysis has ...a larger chronological depth, namely in the studies by Salgado de Matos (1973). However, even in this case the author zooms in a specific period of time: the 1960s and early 1970s. Other studies provide a long-term synthesis on foreign direct investment (see for all, Leite et al, 2001; Moreira and Dias, 2008), but they rely on a descriptive and very superficial approach. The chapters dedicated by the recent and in-depth História Económica de Portugal (Lains and Silva, 2005, vol. 3) to the internationalization of the Portuguese economy or to capital as a factor of production never address FDI, which constitutes one important weakness of this work.
The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the international market entry strategies in the light of globalisation processes and to propose a conceptual model of turnkey projects as market entry ...mode. The specific research objectives are as follows: 1. to develop an integrated framework of the turnkey marketing process as a conceptual model; 2. to analyse BRICS countries as potential host countries for turnkey projects implementation; 3. to assess potential implications of proposed conceptual model for global market entry decisions.
The purpose of the present work is to identify the main factors that impacted regional entry decisions in the Brazilian cement market from 2003 to 2012. Another purpose is to explore possible causes ...for the incumbents' decision to accommodate new entry in these regions. The main considered factors are: consumption, consumption growth, transportation cost, number of active firms, number of plants, and regional characteristics, in the period from 2003 to 2012. An exploratory analysis based on case discussion is also conducted on an attempt to explain the incumbents' behavior. The results indicate that in addition to regional characteristics, a high level of consumption, and a low market concentration are the conditions that most significantly favor entry. The incumbents' expansion decision, on the other hand, is most strongly correlated with the potential for consumption growth, allowing entry to occur in the Brazilian regions with high levels of consumption but low levels of growth. / A indústria de cimento é um exemplo clássico de uma indústria concentrada-homogênea, onde a entrada é difícil. Ainda assim, ocorreu um aumento no número de entrantes na indústria de cimento brasileira nos últimos anos. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar os principais fatores que impactaram as decisões de entrada regionais no mercado de cimento brasileiro, no período de 2003 a 2012. Outro objetivo é explorar possíveis causas para as firmas incumbentes dessas regiões terem decidido acomodar essas novas entradas. Outros estudos que analisaram a indústria de cimento (Salvo, 2010; Miller & Osborne, 2014; Zeidan & Resende, 2009, 2010; La Cour & Møllgaard, 2003) não focaram as entradas. O presente estudo se integra à literatura acadêmica sobre o comportamento de firmas brasileiras em estruturas de mercado concentradas ao focar a análise da ocorrência de entradas nesses mercados. Os principais fatores considerados são: consumo, crescimento do consumo, custo de transporte, número de empresas atuantes, número de fábricas e características regionais no período entre 2003 e 2012. Um modelo logit é utilizado para estimar o impacto desses fatores nas probabilidades de entrada e expansão das incumbentes. Uma análise exploratória baseada em discussão de casos também é realizada na tentativa de explicar o comportamento das incumbentes. Os resultados indicam que, além das características regionais, um alto nível de consumo corrente e uma menor concentração de mercado - medida pelo número de firmas atuantes ou de fábricas existentes por região - são as condições que mais significativamente favorecem a ocorrência de entradas. As decisões de expansão das incumbentes, por sua vez, são mais fortemente correlacionadas com o potencial de crescimento de consumo, permitindo que a entrada ocorra em regiões brasileiras com alto nível de consumo corrente mas baixo potencial de crescimento.
The topic of this paper is the selection of entry strategies of multinational companies for international markets, as well as the identification of factors, which have a stimulating or inhibiting ...effect on that process. Factors that influence the selection of entry strategies are presented on the basis of several analyzed criteria (degree of control, company resources, product, state regulations, country's position, culture, risk) in order to enable us to select a good, better or the best position of a company entering an international market. With respect to various forms of investments of multinational companies, the significance and presence of different entry strategies (export, licensing, franchising, strategic alliances and direct foreign investments) are presented as the result of a survey conducted on perspectives of investments in the world, presented within World Investment Report, in order to further the internationalization of business.
The study investigated the effect of service and process innovation on internationalization of Nigeria deposit money banks, using a survey research design. A structured questionnaire was administered ...to a purposively selected sample of seven hundred and sixty five (765) staff of five international banks; from the population of one thousand six hundred and fifteen (1615) staff of strategy and international operation departments of the ten Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) licensed international banks. Ordinary Least Squares was employed to estimate the regression model and this was done with the aid of STATA 12. The findings revealed that service and process innovation significantly affect bank’s internationalization. It is therefore recommended that banks seeking internationalization should adopt services and processes innovativeness strategy.
This paper investigates the determinants of the choice between two alternative methods of pooling similar and complementary assets: the merger/acquisition and the greenfield equity joint venture. Two ...theories of the determinants of that choice are tested on a sample of Japanese investments in the United States. The results show that equity joint ventures are preferred over acquisitions when the desired assets are linked to nondesired assets because the U.S. firm owning them is large and not divisionalized, when the Japanese investor has little previous experience of the American market and hence seeks to avoid postmerger integration problems, when the Japanese investor and the U.S. partner manufacture the same product, and when the industry entered is growing neither very rapidly nor very slowly.
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