The field experiments were conducted in 2021-2022 on the experimental field of the Mykolaiv State Agricultural Research Station of The Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of The National Academy ...of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine under non-irrigated conditions on southern chernozem. The humus content in the arable soil layer is 2.90%, the depth of the humus layer is 0-30 cm, and the transitional layer is 30-60 cm. The research was conducted by establishing a three-factor field experiment, where factor A is sunflower hybrids of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine - Vyrii, Yarylo, Blysk, Yaskravy and Epikur; factor B - different plant densities (30, 40 and 50 thousand/ha) and factor C - treatment of vegetative plants in the phase of budding with substances of biological origin (Helafit Combi, Organic Balance and Biocomplex BTU). The field experiment is located on the winter wheat forecrop. Fertilizers were applied during the main cultivation at a dose of N30P30K30. Sowing is carried out with a row spacing of 70 cm in the last decade of April. Yield accounting and the evaluation of the crop structure were carried out by manual threshing of plants selected from the accounting area of the test plots and recalculation by 8% seed moisture. From the results of observations, it was found that foliar treatments of sunflowers with environmentally friendly combined-action substances contributed to the prolongation of the interphase periods in the second half of the growing season of all studied hybrids. Treatment of plants with environmentally friendly substances helped to reduce the level of damage to all hybrids by pathogenic microflora, the highest fungicidal efficacy was observed in Helafit Combi and Organic Balance. All hybrids formed the highest yields at a density of 40 thousand units/ha. Dense plantings up to 50 thousand units/ha were inferior in yield to the ones with a planting density of 40 thousand units/ha and were almost at the same level as the ones with 30 thousand units/ha. Hybrids Yarylo, Epikur and Yaskravy were significantly inferior in productivity, however, their foliar treatments also had a similar tendency to increase their productivity.
Ko, D.; Kang, J., and Ryu, Y., 2019. Experimental study on relation between breach process and velocity distribution on levee due to overflow. In: Lee, J.L.; Yoon, J.-S.; Cho, W.C.; Muin, M., and ...Lee, J. (eds.), The 3rd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 91, pp. 16-20. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal levee is an defensive structures important in low-lying coastal areas prone to floods, but is vulnerable to overflows when water levels increase extremely. Due to storm surge and high waves, water overflow and wave overtopping occur over coastal levee. Likewise, river levee is to protect lowland areas from floods. However, levee breaches due to aging of levees have caused huge damages on properties and human casualties. To advance as a society, it is essential to pursue meaningful implementations of solutions that prevent the erosion of levees during floods. To find a resilient structure of levee against overflow, this study has tested an environmentally friendly substance for reinforcing levee. With intent to testify the new method, a series of hydraulic experiments were carried out for to verify a flow state and surface velocity distribution according to levee breach progress by building a semi-prototype levee with a bottom width of 5 m, a slope of 1:2, a crown width of 1 m, and a height of 1 m in a 3 m bottom-wide natural channel. By building a measuring system using a number of imaging devices on site, the surface velocity distributions on the earthen levee and the levee reinforced with the new environmentally friendly substance were measured using a LSPIV technique. It is expected to be able to examine the characteristics of flow velocity distribution following breach processes on levees to evaluate the initial points of failure and the weak points during overflow.
