The effect of water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC) extract in eliminating ethanol was evaluated in New Zealand white rabbit and ICR mice. When a hot-water extract of water dropwort extract and ...ethanol was injected into New Zealand white rabbit, the plasma ethanol level was rapidly reduced, similar to metadoxine treatment. Specifically, the n-butanol fraction of hot-water extract was the strongest in eliminating plasma alcohol in ICR mice. When ethanol was orally ingested, administration of the hot-water extract eliminated up to 44% of the plasma ethanol in mice while the n-butanol fraction eliminated around 70%. Alcohol removal behaved in a close-dependent manner in response to 50-200 mg/kg of n-butanol fraction. These data show O. javanica extract is effective in overcoming alcohol intoxication by the accelerating ethanol metabolism.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tratamento com etanol (Et) sobre a gliconeogênese em ratos intolerantes à glicose. A intolerância à glicose foi induzida pela injeção de ...dexametasona (DEXA) (0,1 mg kg-1; s.c., quatro dias). O teste de tolerância à glicose (GTT) e os experimentos de perfusão de fígado in situ (avaliação da gliconeogênese) foram realizados em ratos submetidos a jejum de 15h dos grupos experimentais: Controle (salina 0,9%, s.c., quatro dias); DEX (DEXA 0,1 mg kg-1; s.c., quatro dias); DEX+Et 3% (per os, 14 dias); DEX+Et 20% (per os, 14 dias); DEX+Met (Mettformina 300 mg kg-1, per os, quatro dias). Os animais tratados com DEX apresentaram elevada concentração de glicose sanguínea e também no perfusato coletado. O tratamento com metformina promoveu redução significativa na concentração de glicose no perfusato obtido de animais intolerantes à glicose. Entretanto, somente o tratamento com Et 3% promoveu redução na intolerância à glicose, mas não na produção da glicose hepática observada em animais DEX. Os dados obtidos demonstram que a administração de Et 3% melhora a intolerância à glicose induzida pela DEX sem influenciar na gliconeogênese, diferentemente do observado pelo tratamento com a metformina.
We compared the preventive capacity of high intakes of vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) on oxidative stress and liver toxicity in rats fed a low-fat ethanol diet. Thirty-two Wistar rats received the ...low fat (10% of total calories) Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet as follows: either ethanol alone (Alc group, 36% of total calories) or ethanol in combination with VC (Alc + VC group, 40 mg VC/100 g body weight) or VE (Alc + VE group, 0.8 mg VE/100 g body weight). Control rats were pair-fed a liquid diet with the Alc group. Ethanol administration induced a modest increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), conjugated dienes (CD), and triglycerides but decreased total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) in plasma. VE supplementation to alcohol-fed rats restored the plasma levels of AST, CD, and TRAP to control levels. However, VC supplementation did not significantly influence plasma ALT, AST, or CD. In addition, a significant increase in plasma aminothiols such as homocysteine and cysteine was observed in the Alc group, but cysteinylglycine and glutathione (GSH) did not change by ethanol feeding. Supplementing alcohol-fed rats with VC increased plasma GSH and hepatic S-adenosylmethionine, but plasma levels of aminothiols, except GSH, were not influenced by either VC or VE supplementation in ethanol-fed rats. These results indicate that a low-fat ethanol diet induces oxidative stress and consequent liver toxicity similar to a high-fat ethanol diet and that VE supplementation has a protective effect on ethanol-induced oxidative stress and liver toxicity.
As questões energéticas Brasileiras para o período 2012 -2021 estão expressas no Plano Decenal de Expansão Energética, cuja edição preliminar foi disponibilizada para consulta pública em setembro de ...2012 pelo Ministério das Minas e Energia. Este artigo discute as premissas e diretrizes adotadas para os combustíveis de carros de passeio, com foco nos seus aspectos ambientais. Destacam-se os riscos de considerar que o etanol possa atender todo o crescimento da demanda de combustíveis para carros de passeio, e os aspectos e impactos previsíveis que virão em decorrência da necessária expansão da cultura da cana de açúcar planejada para o início do período decenal. O artigo também inclui recomendações para o uso de outras opções de combustíveis existentes e a livre concorrência para garantir abastecimento e preços competitivos. Do ponto de vista ambiental, o artigo também recomenda que um inventário consequente de todos os impactos, negativos e positivos, deve ser levantado e considerado para direcionar as políticas e estratégias nacionais.
The effect of furfural on aerobic and anaerobic batch cultures of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 growing on glucose was investigated. Furfural was found to decrease both the specific growth rate ...and ethanol production rate after pulse additions in both anaerobic and aerobic batch cultures. The specific growth rate remained low until the furfural had been completely consumed, and then increased somewhat, but not to the initial value. The CO
2 evolution rate decreased to about 35% of the value before the addition of 4 g ·
l
−1 furfural, in both aerobic and anaerobic fermentations. The decrease of the CO
2 evolution rate was rapid at first, and then a more gradual decrease was observed. The furfural was converted mainly to furfuryl alcohol, with a specific conversion rate of 0.6 (±0.03) g (furfural)· g
−1 (biomass)· h
−1 by exponentially growing cells. However, the conversion rate of furfural by cells in the stationary phase was much lower. A previously unidentified compound was detected during the conversion of furfural. This compound was characterized by mass spectrometry and it is suggested that it is formed from furfural and pyruvate.
En el trabajo se conceptualizan los aspectos claves y se presenta la propuesta de un procedimiento para el escalado a nivel industrial, con ayuda de una Planta Piloto, de una tecnología para la ...obtención de etanol y coproductos en el concepto de biorrefinería de bagazo de caña de azúcar. Acorde con el procedimiento propuesto se determinan mediante la vigilancia tecnológica los requerimientos para el escalado industrial de una nueva tecnología para la obtención de bioetanol a partir de bagazo de caña de azúcar y se ejecutan y validan los pasos del procedimiento de escalado, de una nueva tecnología de etanol a partir de residuos lignocelulósicos, que anteceden y preparan los estudios a nivel de Planta Piloto de una tecnología de producción de etanol de bagazo caña de azúcar.
Ergosterol is an essential component of yeast cells that maintains the integrity of the membrane. It was investigated as an important factor in the ethanol tolerance of yeast cells. We investigated ...the effects of brewing conditions on the ergosterol contents of S. cerevisiae K-9, sake yeast, several kinds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that produce more than 20% ethanol, and X2180-1A, laboratory yeast. K-9 had a higher total ergosterol contents under all the conditions we examined than X2180-1A. Ethanol and hypoxia were found to have negative and synergistic effects on the total ergosterol contents of both strains, and significantly reduced the free ergosterol contents of X2180-1A but only slightly reduced those of K-9. The maintenance of free ergosterol contents under brewing conditions might be an important character of sake yeast strains. DNA microarray analysis also showed higher expression of ergosterol biosynthesis genes in K-9 than in X2180-1A.
We focused on the effects of a mutation of xylose reductase from Pichia stipitis (PsXR) on xylose-to-ethanol fermentation using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with PsXR and PsXDH ...(xylitol dehydrogenase from P. stipitis) genes. Based on inherent NADH-preferring XR and several site-directed mutagenetic studies using other aldo-keto reductase enzymes, we designed several single PsXR mutants. K270R showing decreased NADPH-preferring activity without a change in NADH-preferring activity was found to be a potent mutant. Strain Y-K270R transformed with K270R PsXR and wild-type PsXDH showed a 31% decrease in unfavorable xylitol excretion with 5.1% increased ethanol production as compared to the control in the fermentation of 15 g /l xylose and 5 g/l glucose.
INTRODUÇÃO: Queimaduras são lesões aos tecidos orgânicos causadas por agentes externos, com destruição do revestimento epitelial. O objetivo deste estudo é divulgar o perfil epidemiológico das ...queimaduras do maior centro de queimados da América Latina, localizado no Hospital João XXIII, em Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. MÉTODO: Foi criado um banco de dados com 687 pacientes internados no Hospital João XXIII, no período de fevereiro de 2009 a julho de 2010, incluindo identificação dos pacientes, etiologia da queimadura, superfície e áreas queimadas, intencionalidade, tempo de internação e perfil dos óbitos, entre outros dados. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes internados era do sexo masculino (62,5%), com média de idade de 29 anos, sendo 66% provenientes de Belo Horizonte e 34%, do interior ou de outros estados. O álcool foi o agente etiológico mais frequente (34,4%), o causador das queimaduras mais extensas (média de 28% de superfície corporal queimada) e o maior responsável pelos óbitos (52,7%). Quanto à intencionalidade, 79% foram queimaduras acidentais, seguidas pelas tentativas de autoextermínio (12%) e agressão (9%). A média do tempo de internação foi de 23,5 dias, com taxa de mortalidade de 16,3%, que vem caindo progressivamente. Foram realizados 984 desbridamentos e 584 enxertias durante o período de acompanhamento. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados obtidos são similares aos disponíveis na literatura e evidenciam a importância da prevenção e da fiscalização na forma de comercialização dos produtos inflamáveis para diminuir a morbidade e a mortalidade causadas pelas queimaduras, uma vez que a maioria é acidental e decorrente do álcool líquido.BACKGROUND: Burns are lesions to organic tissues caused by external agents, resulting in destruction of the epithelial covering. This study aims to clarify the epidemiological profile of burns at Hospital João XXIII, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil - the largest center for burn care in Latin America. METHODS: A database of 687 patients admitted to Hospital João XXIII from February 2009 to July 2010 was created; it included patient demographics, burn etiology, surface and burned areas, intentionality, time of admission, and death profiles among other data. RESULTS: Most of the admitted patients were male (62.5%), and the mean age was 29 years old; 66% were from Belo Horizonte, and 34% were from the countryside of other states. Alcohol was the most frequent etiologic agent (34.4%), which was responsible for the most extensive burns (average burned body surface: 28%) and responsible for most deaths (52.7%). With regard to intentionality, 79% were accidental burns, followed by suicide attempts (12%) and aggression (9%). The average period of admission was 23.5 days with a mortality rate of 16.3%, which is decreasing progressively. During the monitoring period, 984 debridement and 584 grafting procedures were performed. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data are similar to those available in the literature. They also evidence the importance of burn prevention and highlight the need to re-examine how flammable products are marketed in order to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates caused by burns, since most burns are accidental and caused by liquid alcohol.
Protective Effect of Korean Medicinal Plants on Ethanol-Induced Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells Song, E.J., Kangwon national University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Kim, N.Y., Kangwon national University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Heo, M.Y., Kangwon national University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
Natural product sciences,
12/2013, Volume:
19, Issue:
4
Journal Article
The purpose of this study is to evaluate cytoprotective effect of Korean medicinal plants on alcoholinduced cytotoxicity in liver cells. Out of the 120 plant extracts tested in this study, 53 plant ...extracts enhanced alcohol-induced cytotoxicity in liver cells by 50~80%, while other 11 plant extracts including Crataegus pinnatifida reduced cytotoxicity by 1~68%. The results of DPPH free radical test and LDL lipid peroxidation test on the plant extracts that sharply reduced cytotoxicity in liver cells shows that Crataegus pinnatifida and Cinnamomum cassia had antioxidative effect. This study reports that the plant extracts that enhance or reduce ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in liver cells can be research objects as cytotoxic plants or cytotoxicity-protective plants.
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