Immunomodulatory Activities of Ethanol Extract of Cordyceps militaris in Immunocompromised Mice Kim, H.J., Research Center, Dong-A Pham. Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea; Lee, T.H., Research Center, Dong-A Pham. Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea; Kwon, Y.S., Research Center, Dong-A Pham. Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea ...
Han'guk Sikp'um Yŏngyang Kwahakhoe chi,
20/Apr , Volume:
41, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In order to determine the functional benefits of Cordyceps militaris in the immune system, we examined the immunomodulatory activities of Cordyceps militaris in an immunocompromised C57BL/6 mice ...model. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with an immunosuppressive drug, cyclophosphamide, and then administered orally with 3% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of 50% ethanol extract of Cordyceps militaris (CM 30, CM 100, and CM 300, respectively) for 12 days. Mice treated with CM displayed significantly increased splenocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity compared to immunosuppressed control mice (p less than 0.05). The spleen cells isolated from mice treated with CM also displayed increased production of Th1 cytokines, including IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α, suggesting enhanced cellular immunity in response to CM. However, CM had no significant effect on the production of IL-4 and IL-10. These results indicate that Cordyceps militaris enhances immune function by promoting immune cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine production.
Recently, alage has been considered as a potential anti-inflammatory source due to its distinctive habitat environemtn exposing to light and high oxygen concentration. In present study, ...anti-inflammatory effect of brown alga, Sargassum fulvellum ethanol extract, was examined . SFEE inhibited not only the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines but also the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells without affecting cell viability . SFEE also suppressed the expression of nuclear factor kappa B , suggesting that SFEE could affect the expression of inflammation related cytokines and proteins through the regulation of NF-kB .
ABSTRAK Limbah cair industri minyak sawit memiliki potensi sebagai substrat pembentukan etanol. Pemanfaatan kultur campuran dalam pembentukan etanol memiliki keuntungan karena tidak memerlukan ...sterilisasi substrat, namun akan dihasilkan berbagai produk samping dan sebaliknya pada Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pengaturan pH terhadap pembentukan etanol dan produk asidogenesa. Rancangan penelitian terdiri dari reaktor bakteri anaerob dan ragi dengan perlakuan pengendalian pH pada rentang 6-6,5 dan tanpa pengendalian pH dengan pH awal fermentasi 6-6,5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Degree Acidification (DA), Total Asam Volatil (TAV) dan etanol tertinggi berurutan sebesar 0,32; 808,03 mg/L dan 24,03 mg/L pada reaktor bakteri dengan pengendalian pH; 0,23; 522,43 mg/L dan 23,12 mg/L pada reaktor tanpa pengendalian pH; 0,25; 775,78 mg/L dan 34,11 mg/L pada reaktor ragi dengan pengendalian pH dan 0,32; 866,71 mg/L dan 29,17 mg/L pada reaktor ragi tanpa pengendalian pH. Pengendalian pH fermentasi meningkatkan pembentukan produk asetil-KoA dari 4,35% menjadi 7,34% pada reaktor bakteri dan dari 17,92% menjadi 18,78% pada reaktor ragi dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan etanol. ABSTRACT Palm oil mill effluent has potention for substrate to ethanol formation. Utilization of anaerobic mixed culture bacteria to form ethanol has advantages i.e not requiring sterilization of the substrate and vice versa in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but resulting side products. The aims of this research are to study effect of controlling pH on ethanol formation and acidogenic products. Design experiment consisted of anaerobic bacteria and yeast reactor with the pH control in the range of pH 6 - 6.5 and initial pH 6-6.5 for without pH control treatment. The results showed the highest Degree Acidification (DA), Total Volatile Fatty Acid (TVFA) and ethanol are 0.32; 808.03 mg/L and 24.03 mg/L for bacteria reactor with pH control; 0.23; 522.43 mg/L and 23.12 mg/L for bacteria reactor without pH control; 0.25; 775.78 mg/L and 34.11 mg/L for yeast reactor with pH control and 0.32; 866.71 mg/L and 29.17 mg/L for yeast reactor without pH control. Controlling pH increasing acetyl-CoA product formation from 4.35% to 7.34% for bacteria reactor and from 17.92% to 18.78% for yeast one and not affect to rising ethanol formation.
El siguiente artículo presenta los resultados de la caracterización ambiental de las vinazas resultantes de la producción de etanol de segunda generación a partir de dos fuentes: la primera, de ...substratos sintéticos producidos en el laboratorio que simulan las condiciones de los residuos de caña, y la segunda, a partir de los hidrolizados de residuos de caña de azúcar. Esto con el fin de identificar alternativas de tratamiento que disminuyan su impacto y potencial de contaminación. Se determinaron parámetros de importancia para la calidad de las mismas, como son Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno (DBO5), Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO), sólidos en suspensión, nitratos, fosfatos, etc. los cuales arrojaron una menor carga contaminante al compararse con las resultantes de otros procesos cuya materia prima es diferente. Sin embargo, contienen altos valores de DBO5 y DQO, así como de nitratos, fosfatos y sólidos totales, que exceden la legislación colombiana para vertimientos de efluentes.
Asaia lannaensis sp. nov. was described for two strains isolated from flowers of the spider lily collected in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The isolates produced acetic acid from ethanol on ethanol/calcium ...carbonate agar, differing from the type strains of Asaia bogorensis, Asaia siamensis, and Asaia krungthepensis, but did not grow in the presence of 0.35% acetic acid (v/v). The new species is the fourth of the genus Asaia, the family Acetobacteraceae.
Many transgenic plant studies use constitutive promoters to express transgenes. For certain genes, deleterious effects arise from constant expression in all tissues throughout development. We ...describe a chemically inducible plant gene expression system, with negligible background activity, that obviates this problem. We demonstrate its potential by showing inducible manipulation of carbon metabolism in transgenic plants. Upon rapid induction of yeast cytosolic invertase, a marked phenotype appears in developing leaves that is absent from leaves that developed before induction or after it has ceased.
This study investigated the effect of improved liver function in rats administered with ethanol by kimchi lactic acid bacteria with high GABA producing capacity. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided ...into four groups; normal diet control (NC), ethanol control (EC), ethanol＋Lactobacillus sp. OPK2-59 normal powder (EL1), ethanol＋Lactobacillus sp. OPK2-59 GABA powder (EL2) and fed for 6 weeks. Analysis showed that there were no significant differences in body weight and feed consumption among the groups during the experimental period. Also, there were no significant differences in organ weight among the groups. The test results showed total cholesterol and triglyceride in the blood concentration that were increased by ethanol administration were significantly lowered in EL2 group. Liver triglyceride was also significantly lowered in the EL2 group compared with the EC group. Serum GOT and GPT, and liver GOT levels were significantly lower in the EL2 group compared with the EC group. Serum ethanol concentration was lower in the EL1 and EL2 groups compared with the EC group. SOD activities in liver were significantly increased in the EL1 and EL2 groups compared with the EC group. These results suggest that Lactobacillus sp. OPK2-59 GABA powder improves lipid and enzyme profiles of rats administered with ethanol.
This paper shows that the State of São Paulo, by having a deliberated policy of different rates of taxation related to the consumer tax (ICMS) for gasoline C (25%) and hydrous ethanol (12%) has had a ...positive impact over: a) the consumption of ethanol; b) the economy of the State; and c) in the Brazil economy. To do so this study uses: a) an interregional input-output system for São Paulo and Rest of Brazil; and b) price and cross price-elasticity of the demand for gasoline and ethanol. The model was used to estimate how the economy would have behaved (GDP, employment, gross output, imports, and government revenue), had the rates of ethanol and gasoline being kept equal (25%).
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the disinfectant effectiveness of alcohol 70% (w/v) using friction, without previous cleaning, on work surfaces, as a concurrent disinfecting procedure in Health Services. ...METHOD: An experimental, randomized and single-blinded laboratory study was undertaken. The samples were enamelled surfaces, intentionally contaminated with Serratia marcescens microorganisms ATCC 14756 106 CFU/mL with 10% of human saliva added, and were submitted to the procedure of disinfection WITHOUT previous cleaning. The results were compared to disinfection preceded by cleaning. RESULTS: There was a reduction of six logarithms of the initial microbial population, equal in the groups WITH and WITHOUT previous cleaning (p=0.440) and a residual microbial load ≤ 102 CFU. CONCLUSION: The research demonstrated the acceptability of the practice evaluated, bringing an important response to the area of health, in particular to Nursing, which most undertakes procedures of concurrent cleaning /disinfecting of these work surfaces. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia desinfectante de alcohol al 70% (p/v) por fricción, sin limpieza previa, en las superficies de trabajo, como procedimiento de desinfección cotidiana o de rutina en Servicios de Salud. MÉTODO: Fue desarrollado un estudio experimental de laboratorio, aleatorio y uni-ciego. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de superficies esmaltadas, intencionalmente contaminadas con microorganismos Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 106 UFC/mL acrecido con 10% de saliva humana, sometidas al procedimiento de desinfección SIN limpieza previa. Los resultados fueron comparados a la desinfección después de limpieza. RESULTADOS: Hubo una reducción de seis logaritmos de la población microbiana inicial, igualmente en los grupos COM y SIN limpieza previa (p=0,440) y una carga microbiana residual ≤ 102 UFC. CONCLUSIÓN: La investigación demostró que es aceptable la práctica evaluada ofreciendo así una importante respuesta para el área de la salud, especialmente para la Enfermería, que es la que más ejecuta procedimientos de limpieza/desinfección cotidiana o de rutina de esas superficies de trabajo. OBJETIVO: avaliar a eficácia desinfetante do álcool 70% (p/v) sob fricção, sem limpeza prévia, nas superfícies de trabalho, como procedimento de desinfecção concorrente em Serviços de Saúde. MÉTODO: foi desenvolvido estudo experimental laboratorial, randomizado e unicegado. As amostras foram constituídas de superfícies esmaltadas, intencionalmente contaminadas com microrganismos Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 106 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias/mL, acrescidos de 10% de saliva humana, e submetidas ao procedimento de desinfecção sem limpeza prévia. Os resultados foram comparados à desinfecção precedida da limpeza. RESULTADOS: houve redução de seis logaritmos da população microbiana inicial, igualmente nos grupos com e sem limpeza prévia (p=0,440) e uma carga microbiana residual ≤ 102 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias. CONCLUSÃO: a pesquisa demonstrou a aceitabilidade da prática avaliada, trazendo importante resposta para a área da saúde, especialmente à enfermagem, que mais executa os procedimentos de limpeza/desinfecção concorrentes dessas superfícies de trabalho.
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