The ratification of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement has laid the platform for the signatory nations to boost their respective economic growth rates, and also raised ...environmental concerns. So far, little is known regarding the roles of export diversification and the composite risk index in the abatement of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions for the RCEP countries. Accordingly, this study investigates the impacts of export diversification and composite risk index on CO
2
emissions for the RCEP countries between 1987 and 2017. The empirical findings indicate that lowering the composite risk index, undertaking a transition to renewable energy, and enhancing environmentally-related technological innovations help reduce CO
2
emissions in the long run. In contrast, export diversification is found to monotonically boost CO
2
emission levels. The findings also authenticate the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis to certify that the economic growth of the RCEP nations will be both an initial contributor and ultimate inhibitor of CO
2
emissions. In line with these findings, it is important to lower the country risk profiles of the RCEP nations, restructure the export diversification schemes, ensure technological advancement and expedite economic growth in an environmentally-friendly manner.
•The relationships between strategic commitment to environmental issues, product and process innovation, and export intensity are examined.•A sample of 409 Polish family firms is used.•Strategic ...commitment to environmental issues and process innovation are positively related.•Process innovation and export intensity are positively related.•Quality certifications strengthen the relationship between strategic commitment to environmental issues and product innovation.
Recognizing the extent of inconclusive findings in the environmental commitment – export performance nexus, this study examines this link in order to reduce theoretical ambiguity. The paper focuses on family firms in Poland and assesses the distinct rate of export intensity resulting from strategic commitment to environmental issues, through product innovation and process innovation. Analyzing a sample of 409 firms sourced from the World Bank Enterprise Survey database, the results indicate that strategic commitment to environmental issues encourages process innovation but not product innovation. In turn, process innovation increases export intensity while product innovation does not. It is also found that quality certifications interact with the relationship between strategic commitment to environmental issues and product innovation. These findings pose important theoretical implications and offer insights to stakeholders particularly interested in the sustainable practices of family firms.
En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados de los trabajos bioarqueológicos realizados entre 2006 y 2012 en 8 sitios arqueológicos ubicados en la costa sur de la Laguna Mar Chiquita, noreste de ...Córdoba, Argentina. La intervención en dichos sitios se produjo en el marco de un programa de arqueología pública, solicitada por museos públicos y vecinos de la región. En total, se identificaron restos óseos de 11 individuos adultos. Se presenta la descripción arqueológica de los sitios, la caracterización bioarqueológica y las paleopatologías identificadas en los restos, así como las prácticas mortuorias. En cuanto a la cronología de los hallazgos, se realizaron 6 fechados radiocarbónicos sobre el material esqueletal, que permiten ubicar a los restos entre 4058 ± 89 y 487 ± 45 años 14CAP.
This paper presents analysis of a survey of fresh produce export firms in 10 countries of sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the determinants of GlobalGAP certification and the returns in terms of ...expansion of export sales revenue. The results suggest that technical and/or financial assistance and being in an established export country are key discriminating factors for being GlobalGAP certified. Using propensity matching, it is shown that firms that have achieved certification have appreciable higher export revenues, suggesting an appreciable return on the required investments.
This thesis studies the shipwrecks in the South China Sea and their recovered artefacts to discuss the ceramic trade between South China and Southeast Asia during the Song dynasty (960-1279). This ...period is of particular interest because it was when Chinese ceramics started to be exported in bulk and make its name around the world. And shipwrecks in the South China Sea are the best materials to uncover the first leg of the long-distance trans-Asian trade route that led from China to the Mediterranean. Although there have been cases studies regarding one or several shipwrecks, thorough research that examines the overall findings of this period and addresses not only the products but also the trade network and the market of the products is somewhat lacking. To this aim, this thesis attempts to address the central questions as to how the trade was conducted and by whom, what are the changes of the exported ceramic types during this period and why, and whether there were vessel forms and decoration made to cater to the need of the Southeast Asian market. In doing so, the thesis provides a broader picture of the ceramic trade during the Song period and manages to extract some information on the human level. First, I argue that in the tenth century, as represented by the Intan and Cirebon shipwreck, the trade of major cargo was organized by a few people or a single authority possibly the state government and headed towards limited destinations. During the later period, as the case studies of the Nanhai No.1 and Quanzhou Bay wreck show, the sea-borne journey was mainly a profit-oriented peddler trade undertaken by individual merchants whose identities were not confined to traders with an official background or abundant assets, but also included those of lower social status such as sailor and small merchants. Secondly, through the systematic comparison between the findings on the wrecks and those from domestic sites, especially kiln sites, the provenance of most ceramic cargo is assigned and the shift of production from Zhejiang to Guangdong and then Fujian province is revealed. The reason behind the first shift, I argue was due to the change of the nature of maritime commerce, from being part of a tributary system to profit-orientated, from state-monopoly to being mainly conducted by private shipping. As for the shift of trade to Fujian province, it was driven by merchants based on the products and regional manufacturing industrial competitiveness. By examining a large number of published materials, it is demonstrated that effort was made to cater to the need of the Southeast Asian market. Nevertheless, the detailed analysis of the recovered ceramics indicates high uniformity among ceramic cargos of contemporaneous shipwrecks despite the differences in the targeted markets. I suggest that the ceramic trade between South China and Southeast Asia during the Song period was mainly dominated by the seller instead of the buyer.
► Our estimation of vertical specialisation takes into account the speciality of processing trade, using linked firm-transaction data. ► Processing exporters have value-added shares 50% lower than ...non-processing exporters. ► The increased sophistication of Chinese exports has been largely driven by within-industry skill and technology improvement.
In this paper we use new, detailed, and comprehensive linked firm-transaction data to measure the domestic content and technology intensity of Chinese exports over the period 2000–2007. We evaluate the extent of value-added in China’s exports, using a modification of a method proposed by Hummels et al. (2001) which takes into account the prevalence of processing firms. In addition, we provide new estimates of the skill-and technology-intensity of China’s exports. Our estimates of value-added suggest that the domestic content of China’s exports increased from only 53% to about 60% over the period 2003–2006. Our cross-firm analysis reveals that processing exporters have value-added shares approximately 50% lower than non-processing exporters, even after accounting for ownership, location, and industry. We also show that Chinese exports have become increasingly sophisticated, largely driven by skill and technology improvement within industries.
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