Three Species of Histerid Beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) New to Korea Lee, H.A., Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Hwasung, Republic of Korea; Han, T.M., National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Lee, Y.B., National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Republic of Korea ...
Korean Journal of Applied Entomology,
12/2012, Volume:
51, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Until now, 53 species belonging to 22 genera of 6 subfamily of family Histeridae have been recorded in Korea. As a result of this study, we newly add two subfamily, three genera, and three species, ...Niponius osorioceps Lewis, 1885, Plegaderus (Plegaderus) marseuli Reitter, 1877, and Trypeticus fagi (Lewis, 1884), to Korea along with a brief description and illustration of the diagnostic characters.
The gall midge Contarinia fagi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causes damage to the terminal buds of beeches near Zundert, Noord Brabant, The Netherlands. Notes are given concerning the type of damage, ...morphology, life history and geographical distribution of the species, which has not previously been recorded for the fauna of The Netherlands.
In the present paper we describe for the first time the ultrastructure of the male reproductive system of aphids using Phyllaphis fagi as a representative. Paired testes of this species consist of ...three follicles each, arranged in a rosette, the walls of the proximal part of vasa deferentia cling together, accessory glands are club-shaped and elongated whereas the ejaculatory duct is reduced. Our study also shows that vasa deferentia, accessory glands and ejaculatory duct are histologically very simple. All of them are composed of cubical epithelium of secretory type. The epithelial cells are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and produce small heterogeneous vacuoles. The apical membrane of these cells forms microvilli. The reproductive system epithelia stand on thin basal lamina. Outside the basal lamina thin muscle fibres are observed. Histochemical staining shows that secretion filling the lumen of vasa deferentia and accessory glands contains proteins and polysaccharides. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Pieces of rotten wood collected in the forest were screened for the presence of yeasts. In spring time 3 tree species were sampled, followed by 9 species in summer. Yeast strains were identified by ...traditional methods. Identifications were confirmed by sequencing of ribosomal DNA in case of doubt. In total 14 yeast species of ascomycetous affiliation and 6 anamorphic basidiomycetous yeasts were isolated and identified. Most species were represented by only one strain, but Candida bertae by two and Trichosporon porosum by six strains, all from different wood samples. Three strains represented novel species, one of which is described as Cryptococcus fagi Middelhoven et Scorzetti. The type strain is CBS 9964 (JCM 13614). All strains were tested for growth on several polysaccharides as sole carbon source. Only some of these polymers supported growth of ascomycetous yeasts. Basidiomycetous yeasts assimilated soluble starch, pullulan, dextran, xylan, polygalacturonate, galactomannan and tannic acid or at least some of these. Cryptococcus podzolicus and T. porosum were the most active in this respect. None of the isolated strains grew on carboxymethyl cellulose, colloidal chitin, arabinogalactan and gum xanthan. Phenolic compounds were assimilated by several strains, belonging to the Trichosporonales and the Microbotryum and Stephanoascus/Blastobotrys clades, but not by members of the Tremellales (Cryptococcus musci excepted) and the Debaryomyces/Lodderomyces clade. Most of the ascomycetes assimilated n-hexadecane.
The identification of Scolytus fagi Walsh has been difficult because of the lack of diagnostic literature, the occurrence of several morphologically similar sympatric Scolytus species and the loss of ...the syntypes. In an effort to reduce taxonomic confusion, we designate a neotype for Scolytus fagi, redescribe the male and female, add new distributional records and create a key for the identification of eastern Scolytus species.
Cryptococcus fagi, the vector of Nectria sp., is one of the most important pests in beech forests which can cause beech bark disease. Because of its dispersion in the most beech forests of the ...northern Iran it should be taken under consideration. In this study, after forest survey, the infected area in watercatchment 30, district 5 of Safarod/Ramsar region were distinguished and 123 infected individual trees have been demarcated. Some characteristics such as d.b.h, height, infection intensity, structure and forest type have been determined. Results showed that, the most infected trees were categorized in small timber, but the highest infection intensity was observed in large timber trees. Also the pest high abundance can be seen in the small timber with regular structure. On the other hand, the stands with less stem density have been appropriated for most infection. The pure beech stands were more infected compare to mix stands. The pest abundance rate was higher in north and north-west directions. According to the results, although the disease symptoms are being observed, but no sever disease is recognized yet. As a matter of fact, it can be concluded that the pests are in their primary attack stage which could be controlled easily in this stage.
The toxic ectomycorhizal fungi Amanita muscaria (Agaricales: Amanitaceae) was first recorded in New Zealand in 1937, and it is now widespread throughout the country. We collected decaying fruiting ...bodies of the mushroom in 2005 and 2006 and placed them in enclosed emergence traps to determine use by fungivorous insects. This study clarified that the endemic species Mycetophila fagi, M. filicornis (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) and Zedura curtisi (Diptera: Trichoceridae), as well as exotic Drosophila busckii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), utilised the exotic A. muscaria in various vegetation types in the North and South Islands of New Zealand. A significant difference was observed in the number of fungivorous insects found on the mushrooms between North and South Islands; the endemic M. fagi was dominant in South Island, while Psychodidae sp. dominated North Island. A significant difference was observed in the number of fungivorous insects between the exotic and endemic vegetation inhabited by A. muscaria. Furthermore, the biodiversity of fungivorous insects on A. muscaria within endemic Nothofagus vegetation was more than three times greater than that within the exotic Betula, Pinus, Pseudotsuga and Tsuga vegetation. These observations suggest that the greater diversity of fungivorous insects on A. muscaria in natural Nothofagus forests may reflect the higher diversity found in natural forests compared with plantation forests.
Biological and other alternative control methods were tested against the woolly beech aphid (Phyllaphis fagi). Field applications of mineral oil to the egg stage reduced initial aphid population by ...75%, but only when the eggs were exposed to oil close to the time of hatching. Earlier oil treatments had no effect. Bioassays with the insect pathogenic fungus Lecanicillium lecanii (Verticillium lecanii) in the commercial formulation Vertalec® were conducted using different dosages, i.e. 1 x 10⁶ ml-¹ (recommended dosage) and 2 x 10⁷ ml-¹. Both nymphs and adults were susceptible to fungal infection at both dosages. The existence of a dense wax-covering in adult P. fagi had no protective effect against fungal infection. In bioassays where leaves were treated with the recommended dosage of Vertalec, there was no difference in mortality measured after 14 days between adult P. fagi with an intact wax-layer and adult P. fagi where the wax-layer had been removed. In semi-field trials with two L. lecanii treatments at the recommended dosage, the aphid population was reduced. There was no enhanced effect with the addition of an additive to the fungal suspension or from covering the plants with a polypropylene cover. The results reveal potential alternative control methods against P. fagi populations. However, adequate control with L. lecanii probably requires several treatments as opposed to the two that were tested in the present experiment. Furthermore, efficiency may depend on summer temperatures and humidity.
The structural details of wax glands and the physical form of the secreted wax is described for the apterae of three aphid species beech woolly aphid, spruce root aphid and woolly apple aphid. The ...glands are composed of greatly enlarged epidermal cells underlying a modified cuticle that forms distinctive wax gland plates. Secreted wax in the form of threads passes out of the cuticle as filaments, the arrangement of these filaments in the cuticle above each epidermal cell gives rise to the distinctive wax skein found in each species hollow, solid or honeycombed. It is suggested that the primary role of the secreted wax is to prevent the aphids becoming contaminated by their own secreted honeydew and that of other members of the colony. Other secondary roles considered include: individual microclimate isolation; protection from fungi, parasites and predators; waterproofing and frost protection.
In permanent observation plots across Switzerland, nitrogen (N) concentration in the foliage of mature beech has increased by 15% and phosphorus (P) concentrations in beech and mature Norway spruce ...decreased by 12 and 13% respectively between 1984 and 1995, leading to increased N:P ratios. Modelled N deposition was correlated with stem increment in both beech and spruce, with indications of P limitation in some beech plots. Experimental application of 0-160 kg N ha^sup -1^> yr^sup -1^> over four to five years caused nutrient imbalances in various afforestation plots comparable to those observed in the permanent observation plots. The changes in the trees caused by N treatment led to increased attacks by parasites such as Apiognomonia errabunda, Phomopsis sp., Phyllaphis fagi in beech and Botrytis cinerea, Sacchiphantes abietis and Cinara pilicornis in Norway spruce. The results suggest current N deposition in Switzerland induces significant changes in the forest ecosystem.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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