This article shows the strengths and weaknesses of the usage of the English monolingual dictionary for training translators in Colombian settings where English is spoken as a foreign language. If not ...properly guided by teachers and trainers the use of the dictionary may lead students to make unfaifthful and word for word translations at the beginner's stage. It is the teacher's responsibility to help learners find the best way to exploit one of the translators tools. How to reference this article: Cortés, G. (1999). Dictionary Usage in the Training of Hispanic Translators in EFL settings. Íkala. 4 (1-2), pp. 87 – 99
Eentalige en tweetalige aanleerderwoordeboeke Wanneer besluit moet word oor die beste aanleerderwoordeboek vir 'n spesifieke gebruiker en 'n spesifieke gebruiksituasie moet daar dikwels gekies word ...tussen 'n eentalige en 'n tweetalige aanleerderwoordeboek. Hierdie artikel bespreek bepaalde aspekte van die gebruikersgedrewe benadering wat kenmerkend is van die moderne leksikografiese denke, fokus breedweg op woordeboektipologie en gee in meer besonderhede aandag aan sekere aspekte van eentalige en tweetalige aanleerderwoordeboeke. Bepaalde probleme wat gebruikers ervaar by die aanleer van 'n vreemde taal, bv. taalversteuring en probleme verwant aan die verskynsel van valse vriende, veral in nou verwante tale, kry aandag. Daar word aangedui dat 'n tipologiese hibriede woordeboek van waarde kan wees vir sekere gebruikers. Die belang van 'n ondubbelsinnige vasstelling van die tersaaklike woordeboekfunksies word beklemtoon en die begrippe funksieverdigting en funksiesamesmelting word aan die orde gestel. Daar word aangetoon dat die tipologiese keuse bepaal moet word deur 'n funksie-gebaseerde benadering tot woordeboekgebruik. When deciding on the best learners' dictionary for a specific user and a specific situation of usage one often has to make a choice between a monolingual and a bilingual learners' dictionary. This article discusses some aspects of the user-driven approach so prevalent in modern-day lexicographic thought, focuses broadly on dictionary typology and takes a closer look at monolingual and bilingual learners' dictionaries. Some problems users experience when learning a new language, e.g. language distortion and problems related to the phenomenon of false friends, especially in closely related languages, are mentioned. It is indicated that a typological hybrid dictionary could assist certain users. The importance of an unambiguous identification of the relevant lexicographic functions is emphasised and the notions of function condensation and function merging are introduced. It is shown that the typological choice should be determined by a function-based approach to dictionary usage.
O obxecto deste traballo é a análise e o estudo contrastivo alemán-español das imaxes conceptuais do campo cognitivo FALAR. O artigo pretende centrarse especialmente naqueles fraseoloxismos que están ...relacionados co principio colaborador de Grice (1975:45) e o seu cumprimento ou non dentro da comunicación. A fonte principal do material idiomático é o corpus cognitivo do proxecto de investigación do grupo FRASESPAL, que está clasificado en subcampos e, para elaboralo, seguiuse unha metodoloxía indutiva e unha análise no marco da teoría comunicativa dos actos de fala e da lingüística cognitiva. Convén destacar que son especialmente numerosos os fraseoloxismos que mostran que o principio colaborador foi transgredido, o que confirma a tendencia na fraseoloxía a destacar e dar maior expresividade ó negativo. Isto é observable en ámbalas dúas linguas. Tamén encontramos outras similitudes como imaxes conceptuais idénticas ou moi parecidas. Neste punto, non obstante, hai que considerar con máis vagar os fraseoloxismos de ámbalas dúas linguas, xa que existen varios falsos amigos. A presenza de imaxes conceptuais similares pode levar a pensar que ámbalas dúas unidades posúen un mesmo significado, cando non sempre é así. Por esta razón, o coñecemento destes falsos amigos será de grande importancia tanto para a tradución coma para o ensino de linguas estranxeiras. // The purpose of this paper is the analysis and contrastive study of the conceptual images in German and Spanish of the cognitive field TO TALK. The article aims to focus especially on those idioms that are related to Grice’s cooperative principle (1975:45). Some of these idioms show compliance to this principle whereas others do not. The main source of the linguistic material is the FRASESPAL corpus. This cognitive corpus is classified into different subfields. We followed the inductive methodology and analysis in the context of the communicative theory of speech acts and cognitive linguistics. It should be noted that there are many idioms showing the transgressions of the collaborative principle. This is observable in both languages and confirms the trend in phraseology to emphasize the negative. Although there are more similarities such as the same conceptual images, we have to be careful and watch for false friends. The fact that two or more idioms have/share a similar picture can lead us to assume that than the meaning is the same, but this is not always like that. Therefore it is important to know these false friends well, because this knowledge will be useful for the translation and the teaching of foreign languages.
Working as a copy editor for science journals published in English in a non-anglophone environment may pose challenges in terms of linguistic difficulties and cultural differences. This chapter ...explores the complexities of journal editing based on the experience of copy editors working for English-language science publishers in several non-English-speaking European countries. Good communication between the copy editor and the other participants in the publication process, from the authors to the journal editors, peer reviewers and production staff, will help to make copy-editing more effective. Additional capacities such as teaching and translation skills and knowledge of multiple languages are a plus for copy editors in this setting.
This paper studies false friends in spanish and greek, with a wide range of examples
than often can create situations of poor comunication between speakers. Among other examples,
we study words of ...common use in Greek but that, in Spanish, has became technical terms.
En esta comunicación se estudian los falsos amigos en español y en griego,
recogiendo una muestra variada de ejemplos que pueden provocar situaciones de incomprensión
entre hablantes. Se estudian, entre otros, palabras de uso común en griego que se utilizan como
tecnicismos en España.
The detection and correction of false friends - also called real-word errors - is a notoriously difficult problem. On realistic data, the break-even point for automatic correction so far could not be ...reached: the number of additional infelicitous corrections outnumbered the useful corrections. We present a new approach where we first compute a profile of the error channel for the given text. During the correction process, the profile helps to restrict attention to a small set of "suspicious" lexical tokens of the input text where it is "plausible" to assume that the token represents a false friend. Using a conventional word trigram statistics for disambiguation we obtain a correction method that can be successfully applied to unrestricted text. In experiments for OCR documents, we show significant accuracy gains by fully automatic correction of false friends.
Lažni parovi, tj. parovi riječi u dva ili više jezika koje su slične ili istovjetne u pisanju ili izgovoru,
a različita su značenja, već su dugo vrijeme vrlo popularna tema u lingvistici (Koessler ...and
Derocquigny 1928, Ivir 1968, Nilsen 1977, Chamizo Domínguez and Nerlich 2002). Poznati su po
tome što stvaraju teškoće pri učenju stranih jezika jer zbog jezične interferencije (Breitkreuz 1973)
može doći do pogrešnog prepoznavanja riječi. Kad prevodimo ili uspoređujemo dva različita jezika,
lažni parovi mogu nastati na više načina kao što su homonimija, pseudoanglicizmi, srodne riječi i
frazemi (Chamizo Domínguez 2006).
Postoje mnoge engleske riječi koje dijele istu etimologiju sa sličnim riječima u drugim europskim
jezicima, ali imaju različito značenje. Riječ ’eventually’ na engleskom znači konačno, dok u
većini drugih europskih jezika (njemački ’eventuell’, španjolski ’eventualmente’, hrvatski ’eventualno’)
znači ’moguće’. ’Actual’ ne znači ’aktualan’ na hrvatskom, ’aktuell’ na njemačkom ili ’actual’
na španjolskom, već ’stvaran’. Ti primjeri pokazuju kako je došlo do značenjske promjene kod
određenih riječi u engleskom koje imaju svoje srodne parnjake u drugim europskim jezicima. Za
primjere u kojima dolazi do lažnih parova između engleskog i drugih europskih jezika u ovom
istraživanju odabrani su njemački, španjolski i hrvatski kao predstavnici triju velikih jezičnih grana
indoeuropske jezične skupine. Ovaj članak istražuje internacionalizme u engleskome, kao što su
actually, eventually, etiquette, fabric, billion, chef, preservative, sensible, sympathetic i biscuit. Najbolji
historijski korpus za to istraživanje pokazao se Oxford English Dictionary koji bilježi primjere prvih i najpoznatijih uporaba riječi, navodeći pritom i izvor i godinu sve do samih početaka engleskog
jezika.
Uzroci značenjskih promjena tumače se pomoću kognitivnih mehanizama metonimije i metafore,
a ponuđen je i jedan od mogućih razloga zašto je do promjene došlo. Vokabular suvremenog
engleskog nastao je spajanjem germanskog i romanskog leksika pa su tako značenja bila podložnija
promjenama radi izbjegavanja bliskoznačnosti.
Peter Lauwers, Gudrun Vanderbauwhede, and Stijn Verleyen (eds.). (2012). Pragmatic Markers and Pragmaticalization: Lessons from false friends. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 160 p.
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