Embracing the "Two-Nations theory" that Hinduism and Islam are intrinsically antagonistic and incompatible, the advocates of Pakistan took the apocalyptic motto "Islam in danger" as their battle ...cry.\n With no political programs to address the socio-economic needs of the peoples in question, these improvised interventions repeat the worst impulses of the Cold War, and do so without any similar overarching historical vision to justify them-not even the narrower goal of American national security. More important, to provide a viable alternative to jihadism it would entail cultivating strong, direct relationships- ranging from military assistance and diplomatic support to economic and humanitarian aid-with the reformers and modernizers in the Near East who have long been crushed by our preference for tyrants.
Linguists and translators are familiar with the problem of "false friends": words in different languages that sound similar yet have significantly different meanings. These words can be obstacles for ...nonfluent speakers of a language, as it is easy to confuse their meaning with cognates in one's native tongue. The campus free-speech movement is not, however, driven by a commitment to the academic profession or the idea of the university. Its agenda is brazenly political. Consider the Goldwater Institute, which now spearheads the movement. This Phoenix-based think tank cut its teeth promoting causes such as "school choice." It belongs to the State Policy Network, a coalition of think tanks that works aggressively with the American Legislative Exchange Council to promote conservative priorities in state legislatures.
Italian False Friends Breitkreuz, Hartmut
IRAL,
08/1997, Volume:
35, Issue:
3
Journal Article, Book Review
Peer reviewed
Mainly as a lexical phenomenon deceptive cognates, English-Italian falsi amici, English-French faux amis, English-German falsche Freunde, English-Portugese falsos amigos or English-Polish falszyui ...przyjaciele etc. have become of increasing interest to lexicographers, applied linguists, translators, foreign-language methodologists, psycholinguists and ESP-researchers. ...a special feature of Ferguson's reference book is the inclusion of false anglicisms, his expression for the more usual term pseudo-anglicisms, completely missing in Browne's dictionary of Odd Pairs and False Friends. The following pseudo-anglicisms have been explained by Ferguson: It. autostop for BE hitch-hiking (p. 109), It. big for BE big-name or AE bigwig (p. 14), It. dancing for BE dance-hall (p. 35), It. flipper for BE pinball (machine) (p. 53), It. frac for BE frock-coat or tail-coat (p. 57), It. golf for BE sweater, jumper, cardigan (p. 57), It. montgomery for BE duffle coat (p. 75), It. pocket for BE a (cheap) paperback (p. 85) - to name the most prominent ones.
References to Providence reflect the Deistic ideologies2 of the country's early leaders and a quasi-acceptable value system for readers in 1845.3 If the discoursive power belongs to the reader-the ...meaning maker and judge who masters Douglass's recorded life by interpreting it-then in trading Deist references like "Providence" for references to his Methodist affilitation (Life and Times 565), Douglass also maps the public shift in religious beliefs and becomes "brothers" with his Christian readers as well, simultaneously mastering their discourse and joining their metaphorical holy family. ... it is possible that his experiences with "servitude and persecution" as a slave and later with "false friends, desertion and depreciation" (1045) as a free man but useful cog in William Lloyd Garrison's movement forced him to acknowledge that all men, slaveholders and abolitionists alike, have the capacity for evil, racism, and prejudice and can likewise (according to a free man's embrace of Christian doctrines) be worthy of forgiveness.
Abstract Research on loanword semantics seldom investigates systematic patterns of change because semantic change is not nearly as constrained and predictable as phonological change. Hong Kong is a ...bilingual city of English and Chinese/Cantonese, where people frequently use English loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese (ELCs). Drawing upon the notion of cognates, this questionnaire-based study examines the extent to which Hong Kong Cantonese speakers are aware of the contrasts in meaning between ELCs and the English words from which they have been borrowed. Three ELCs that are false friend cognates with their English source words were selected to be included in the study. Respondents who completed the questionnaire included a group of native English speakers ( N = 19) and a group of native Cantonese speakers ( N = 107). Their responses were compared and contrasted through both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that the ELCs affect the Cantonese speakers’ understanding of the English source words. The English proficiency of native Cantonese speakers has been identified as a contributing factor that correlates with the accuracy of understanding word meanings. This study delineates the relationship between false friend cognates, ELCs and English vocabulary acquisition. It offers pedagogical implications for vocabulary learning and teaching in bilingual contexts.
This paper provides a fundamental understanding of “false friend” formation, i.e., hidden defects associated with lack of fusion, using an experimental setup that allowed an insight into the ...processing zone based on high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging. The setup enabled the welding of a lap joint of AISI 304 high-alloy steel sheets (X5CrNi18-10/1.4301), with the ability to adjust different gap heights between top and bottom sheet (up to 0.20 mm) and to acquire high-speed X-ray images at 100 kHz simultaneously with the welding process. On this basis, a time-resolved description of the “false friend” formation can be provided by visualizing the interaction between keyhole and melt pool during laser welding and solidification processes within the gap area. The bridgeability of the gap was limited due to the gap height and insufficient melt supply leading to the solidification of the bridge. The distance between the solidified bridge and the keyhole increased with time, while the keyhole and melt pool dynamics initiated the formation of new melt bridges whose stability was defined by melt flow conditions, surface tension, and gap heights. The alternating formation and solidification of melt bridges resulted in entrapped areas of lacking fusion within the weld, i.e., “false friends.” Finally, based on the results of this study, a model concept is presented that concludes the main mechanisms of “false friend” formation.
This article presents the advantages that the proximity between languages has for teachers and students, if both are aware of them. At the same time, it highlights some of the disadvantages, such as ...false friends and fossilized errors, especially between Portuguese and Romanian students of the Spanish language. After reviewing some of the most recent definitions of false friends, the article examines the opinion of some scholars: managing lexical false friends is not so difficult as to manage structural ones. Consequently, the article goes on to argue for a contrastive grammar Spanish-Romanian grammar and discusses the most original features of the book written by Madrona & Pisot (2009), Diferencias de usos gramaticales entre el español y el rumano Differences of grammatical uses between Spanish and Romanian.
This study explores the role of false cognates in Russian-speaking learners of EFL classes where developing intercultural communicative competence is the primary goal of learning English. False ...cognates, also known as false friends, are pairs of words which have a similar form and/or pronunciation but different meanings in two languages. The aim of this study is to raise awareness in avoiding misunderstanding, which English-Russian false friends cause in English-medium intercultural communication. Some of the common English-Russian false friends in English-medium communicative situations have been identified and analyzed by the participation of teachers and learners. The implications of this study will provide new insights into the development of intercultural communicative competence in ELT.
Automated complex word identification (CWI) is a crucial task in several applications, from readability assessment to lexical simplification. So far, several works have modeled CWI with the goal of ...targeting the needs of non-native speakers. However, studies in language acquisition show that different native languages can create positive or negative interferences w.r.t. reading comprehension, favouring or hindering the understanding of a document in a foreign language. Therefore, we propose to modify CWI to address the specific difficulties connected to different native languages. In particular, we present a pipeline that, based on the user native language, identifies complex terms by automatically detecting cognates and false friends on the fly. The selection presented by the CWI module is adaptive in that it changes depending on the native language of the user. We implement and evaluate our approach for four different native languages (French, English, German and Spanish), in a setting where documents are written in Italian and should be read by language learners with low proficiency. We show that a personalised strategy based on false friend detection identifies complex terms that are different from those usually selected with standard approaches based on word frequency.
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