Agricultural and forestry tractors are very often involved in accidents with overturning because of their construction with a high centre of gravity. Such accidents are caused by various factors such ...as drivers, vehicles, driving conditions, or landscape/terrain. The data related to the number of deaths in accidents with agriculture and forestry tractors was collected from several European countries. The landscapes (or terrain) of the countries for tractor traffic was assessed by the coefficient of the topography and the economic development level of the countries was evaluated in terms of the GDP. The correlation analysis among the factors showed us that neither the relief of the country landscape nor the economic development level of the countries have a significant influence on the number of deaths in such accidents. The essential influence is in the legislation for the tractors and drivers. The comparison of three countries (Austria, Slovenia, and Serbia) showed the implementation of legislation in this area and time are needed for reducing the number of deaths by half.
Agricultural and forestry tractors are very often involved in accidents with overturning because of their construction with a high centre of gravity. Such accidents are caused by various factors such ...as drivers, vehicles, driving conditions, or landscape/terrain. The data related to the number of deaths in accidents with agriculture and forestry tractors was collected from several European countries. The landscapes (or terrain) of the countries for tractor traffic was assessed by the coefficient of the topography and the economic development level of the countries was evaluated in terms of the GDP. The correlation analysis among the factors showed us that neither the relief of the country landscape nor the economic development level of the countries have a significant influence on the number of deaths in such accidents. The essential influence is in the legislation for the tractors and drivers. The comparison of three countries (Austria, Slovenia, and Serbia) showed the implementation of legislation in this area and time are needed for reducing the number of deaths by half.
Kmetijski in gozdarski traktorji so zelo pogosto vpleteni v nesreče s prevračanjem, saj imajo zaradi njihove konstrukcije zelo visoko težišče. Take nesreče se dogajajo zaradi različnih vplivov kot so vozniki, vozila, vozne razmere ali površina/teren. Zbrani so bili podatki o številu mrtvih v nesrečah s kmetijskimi in gozdarskimi traktorji za več evropskih držav. Oblika površine držav, po katerih poteka vožnja traktorja, je bila ocenjena s koeficientom topografije, stopnja gospodarskega razvoja držav pa je bila ocenjena z BDP. Korelacijska analiza med faktorji je pokazala, da niti oblika površine države niti stopnja gospodarskega razvoja držav nimata močnejšega vpliva na število mrtvih v tovrstnih nesrečah. Bistveni vpliv imajo predpisi za traktorje in voznike. Primerjava treh držav (Avstrije, Slovenije in Srbije) je pokazala, da sta potrebna implementacija predpisov na tem področju in čas, da se število mrtvih prepolovi.
Представлена разработанная ранее конструкция машины для выкопки саженцев с комом почвы, которая агрегатируется с тракторами тягового класса 9-14 кН. Крупномерные саженцы, которые пересаживаются с ...комом почвы, хорошо приживаются и более устойчивы в конкуренции с травяной растительностью, позволяют ликвидировать сезонность в посадочных работах и сокращают объем работ по подготовке почвы при посадке и дальнейшем уходе за растениями. С целью повышения производительности выкопочного агрегата и более эффективного использования времени рабочей смены разработана конструктивно-технологическая схема размещения сменного устройства для выкопки саженцев с комом почвы на базе манипуляторных энергетических средств. Показан состав и принцип работы предлагаемого орудия, включающего в себя поворотный ротатор с креплениями к рукояти манипулятора, неподвижную и подвижную стойки, раму, рабочий орган, закрепленный на стойках, ограничитель, опоры, гидроцилиндр регулировки положения устройства в горизонтальной плоскости и гидроцилиндр поворота рабочего органа. Рабочий орган в виде полуковша состоит из лезвия, располагающегося по полуокружности, боковых стенок, а также 2 полос, образующих его днище. Для снижения усилия резания почвы и корней растений лезвие и боковые стенки имеют заточку в 30 градусов. Ограничитель, при помощи которого производится позиционирование рабочего органа относительно выкапываемого саженца, выполнен из мягких полимерных материалов во избежание повреждения растения. Применение разработанного устройства повышает эффективность процесса выкопки посадочного материала с комом почвы с одновременной возможностью использования орудия для подготовки посадочных мест, контуры которых повторяют ком почвы саженца.
The developed before design of machine for digging seedlings with a lump of soil, which is aggregated with tractors of 9-14 kN are described. Large-sized plants, transplanted with the lump of soil, take roots well and are more resistant to herbaceous vegetation, besides allow to avoid the season plant works and reduce the scope of work on soil preparation before planting and further plant handling. In order to improve the performance of the digging unit and more efficient use of the time of the working period, constructive and technological layout of device replacement for digging out seedlings with a lump of soil on the basis of manipulators of energy resources is developed. Composition and operation of the proposed tools, including the swivel rotator with attachment to the handle of the manipulator, fixed and mobile stands, frame, working body fixed on a stand, stop, support, the hydraulic cylinder adjusting the position of device in horizon plane and hydraulic cylinder of working body rotation. A working body of semi-scoop, in its turn, consists of a blade that is located on the semicircular side walls, and the two strips forming the bottom thereof. To reduce the cutting force of the soil and roots of plants, blade and sidewalls have sharpening of 30 degrees. Limiter, with the help of which working body positioning relative to dig out seedlings is made, made of soft polymeric materials to prevent damage to the plant. Application of the developed device increases the efficiency of digging planting material with a lump of soil with simultaneous ability to use tools for the preparation of places, the contours of which repeat lump of seedling soil.
Field conditions, high proportion of mountain forests and forest health condition requires ecological forest machinery. Skidding by cable systems is the most ecologically friendly skidding method. On ...the basis of the need of greater use of timber skidding by cable systems we started to work on a proposal of cable system based on transportation-circulating cable as adapters of forest wheeled tractors.
Technical and economic charakteristics and efficiency of forest wheeled skidders are dependent on traction and kinematics parameters as wel as on the operating ekonomy. The parameters of tractors ...must above all correspond to ecological demands. Out of such ecological requirements related to tractor parameters. These ecological requirements regarding proportionate distribution of weight of tractor or tractor and hauling logs and on the motor output need to be considered during the process of projection and construction, in order to prevent any misin ter pretation of these parameters. This paper describe analysis technical parameters of forest wheeled skidders.
According to the still existing regulations, the SD is expressed as certain portion of the smallest angle of the static stability in degrees. Howerer, the research info this matter has reveled that ...apart from other fuctons is a significant function ot the velocity of motion and shoud by assessed by finding the smallest value of slope atagiven speed by specified criteria on condition that lithe the resistance to sliding, resistance to overturning or the functional reliability of vehicle components reach the definined limit. The present state of art predisting hillside performace of wheeled vehicles is ontlined together with some recommendations on the techniques of computation.
In the present paper presents a another result of the use of mechanized work in forest establishment and timber stand improvement. Specifically, the possibility of using other base machines LKT, with ...the hydrostatic transmission of energy, on the power drive adapters for the mechanization of work in the preparation of soil. One of these adapters is the crusher of undesirable advance growth, which functional model is developed at Technical University in Zvolen. The paper presents new knowledge from its technical solution.
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