The notification of unexpected and violent death represents a challenging experience for police officers and health workers. These professionals are exposed to very intense emotions during this task.
...We aimed to investigate the degree of preparation, and the emotions and attitudes of police officers and health professionals while communicating such a death.
An ad hoc online questionnaire was created and disseminated through Qualtrics software. The participants were recruited through the institutional channels of Police, the College of Physicians, the ONG De Leo Fund and the Department of General Psychology of the University of Padua. In this qualitative study, thematic content analysis was used to examine the responses.
A total of 155 individuals participated in the study (44 females, 111 males): 102 individuals were police officers, 23 were doctors and were 30 nurses. Five main themes were identified: (1) how the communication took place; (2) the experiences during the communication; (3) the difficulties encountered; (4) coping strategies, and (5) forms of support. Most communications were performed in person, and most represented an intense emotional experience for the notifiers. There is a generalised lack of specific preparation and training for this practice. The recipient's characteristics (culture of origin, language, age, health conditions, psychological vulnerability) may add to the difficulties of the notification process. Professionals unload their tension by practicing sport, relying on their hobbies or interacting socially. The presence of other colleagues during and after the death notification is usually able to alleviate the burden of the communication.
Communication modalities can have a profound impact on the recipients and intensify the trauma of the loss; however, they also have the possibility of mitigating it. The notification of a violent and unexpected death remains a difficult and challenging task for the notifier, which is potentially stressful and emotionally charged. The topic is of great relevance and more research should be promoted in this area.
Obrazovne su nejednakosti sustavne prepreke koje dovode do nejednakog pristupa različitim razinama kvalitetnog obrazovnog sustava te, kao posljedica toga, do različite uspješnosti unutar njega, a ...uvjetovane su podrijetlom, društvenim uvjetima i brojnim drugim činiteljima koji su izvan osobne odgovornosti pojedinca. Razvijanje politika koje osiguravaju obrazovnu jednakost zahtijeva prepoznavanje činjenice da poteškoće djece proizlaze iz različitih karakteristika samoga obrazovnog sustava uključujući: organizaciju i strukturu sustava, oblike školovanja, okruženje za učenje, načine na koje se podupire napredak djece te načine vrednovanja njihova napretka. Ovaj se rad odnosi na analizu načina na koje odgojno-obrazovni djelatnici pružaju podršku djeci u nepovoljnom položaju, u svrhu prevencije obrazovnih nejednakosti. U sklopu projekta Tematska mreža: ‘Cjeloživotno obrazovanje dostupno svima’ provedeno je istraživanje na reprezentativnom uzorku odgojitelja i učitelja za Republiku Hrvatsku (n = 1.288). Oni su u mrežnom okruženju popunjavali Upitnik o mogućnostima prevencije obrazovne nejednakosti djece rane, predškolske i osnovnoškolske dobi koji je razvijen za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Percipirano iskustvo odgojitelja i učitelja u odgoju i obrazovanju različitih skupina djece u nepovoljnom položaju analizirano je temeljem deskriptivnih pokazatelja, χ² testom i analizom varijanci razlika između odgojitelja te učitelja razredne i predmetne nastave. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na zaključak da su izvori obrazovne nejednakosti različiti na trima analiziranima razinama obrazovanja. U ranom i predškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju osobito je primjetan deficit podrške drugih stručnjaka djeci i odgojiteljima. U razrednoj nastavi utvrđena je pretežna usmjerenost na individualne i individualizirane oblike podrške djeci, dok u predmetnoj nastavi dominira oslanjanje na podršku stručnih suradnika.
Educational inequalities are systemic barriers that result in unequal access to various levels of a quality education system, leading to divergent levels of success. These disparities are caused by background, social conditions and numerous other factors beyond the personal responsibility of individuals. Developing policies to ensure educational equality requires recognising that children’s difficulties stem from various features of the education system. These include system organisation and structure, types of schools, learning environment, ways of supporting children’s progress and of assessing their progress. This paper explores how educational professionals support children in disadvantaged situations to prevent educational inequalities. Within the ‘Lifelong Education for All’ Thematic Network project, a survey was conducted among a representative sample of educators and teachers in Croatia (n = 1,288). Participants completed an online questionnaire developed specifically for this research, addressing strategies to prevent educational inequality among preschool and primary-school children. The perceived experiences of educators and teachers in educating various groups of children in disadvantaged situations were analysed using descriptive indicators, the χ²-test and analysis of variance to assess differences between educators, classroom teachers and subject teachers. The research findings suggest that the causes of educational inequality differ across the three levels of education. In early childhood and preschool education, there is a striking deficit of support from other experts for both children and educators. In classroom teaching, there is a predominant focus on individual and personalised forms of support for children, while
This article presents examples of alternative forms of support for the elderly. The first part presents the concept and use of telecare - the information and communication system, which monitors the ...situation of senior and alerts in case of danger. The second part contain the advantages and disadvantages of senior cohousing. The third part is about popular in Spain and France the idea of intergenerational (senior and student) home-sharing and analysis capabilities to popularize this solution in Poland.
Purpose. The problem of bullying remains one of the major social problems in Lithuanian schools. But the acquired experience of practices in fighting the negative phenomenon enables professionals to ...improve the measures already taken and to foresee new methods in overcoming the problem. The purpose of the present article is to explore the teacher-offered forms of support for teenagers with low self-esteem and suffering from bullying. Methods and resources. The methods used in the study are research literature analysis and qualitative methods. The sample of the qualitative research comprises 86 teachers from schools of general secondary education, of different subjects, with different professional qualifications and experience, of different age groups. The teachers were asked to respond to half-structured questionnaires. Results. On the basis of the obtained data, it has been established that the most efficient forms of support for teenagers with low self-esteem and suffering from bullying were the ones involving the development of the sense of learner responsibility within school and class community (including the encouragement of empathy and tolerance, raising the awareness of human rights, creating the atmosphere of intolerance towards bullying, and initiating peer-support groups) as well as the enhancement of personal responsibility on the part of every individual who comes into contact with teenagers suffering from bullying (namely, peers, form tutor, social pedagogue, school psychologist, parents and others).
The purpose of the paper is to reveal the conditions of the innovative development of the small and mediumsized entrepreneurship in Ukraine; the problems that suppress the innovative activity and ...small and medium-sized enterprises development; peculiarities of the tax incentives for the development of the entrepreneurship in the advanced countries and in Ukraine; the main kinds and characteristics of the small and medium-sized enterprises public support. Methodology. The methods of scientific research include: analysis and generalization for studying the main kinds and characteristics of the government support of the small and medium-sized enterprises; dynamic and comparative analysis for studying the problems and factors influencing the development of small and medium enterprises and innovative activity, peculiarities of tax incentives for business development; systemanalytical method for studying the conditions of the innovative development of the small and medium-sized entrepreneurship. Results. The government's financial support priorities should be: optimal application of the fiscal regulation instruments (reduction of the amount of taxes, determination of the criteria for the maximum taxation amount, tax incentives etc.), maintenance of the self-investment of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as investment, financial means of the public influence over the development of the enterprises, effective combination of both direct and indirect forms of the innovative development support. Practical implications. The obtained results can be used in the process of formation and implementation of the small and medium enterprise sector development strategy and innovative activity in the long-term perspective. Value/originality. The obtained data can provide a better understanding of the direction of innovative business development in Ukraine.
Over the past few years, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of women taking up entrepreneurship in Tamil Nadu. Many married women have started their businesses, driven by their ...passion, skills, and desire for financial independence. No study has analyzed spousal support and its impact on women's decision-making, performance, success, and overall well-being, specifically in the Tamil Nadu cultural context. Addressing this gap is essential because businesswomen are intensely embedded in their families and are an imperative force for monetary and communal improvements. The sample of this study was 147 married businesswomen in Tamil Nadu. Researchers assessed various descriptive factors to examine the association between spousal support and business engagements (Hypotheses 1 and 2) and spouses' education and business knowledge (Hypotheses 3 and 4). These factors impact Tamil Nadu businesswomen's performance, success, and psychological well-being. The assessments ranged from a low of 1.03 to a high of 1.09. The chisquare divergence between the interrupt lone model and the model between all predictors entered is significant (p
This paper draws on an anthropological perspective on social security to explore the complex ways in which Czech- and Slovak-speaking migrants living in Glasgow negotiated their healthcare concerns ...and built security in the city and beyond. It is based on 12 months of ethnographic research conducted in 2012 with migrants who moved to Glasgow after 2004. Inquiring into healthcare issues and the resulting insecurities from the migrants’ perspective and in their everyday lives, the paper demonstrates how these issues were largely informed by migrants’ experiences of ‘uncaring care’ in Glasgow, rather than due to their lack of knowledge or understanding of the Scottish/UK health system. Furthermore, the findings reveal how these migrants drew on multiple resources and forms of support and care – both locally and transnationally – in order to mitigate and overcome their health problems. At the same time, the analysis also highlights constraints and limitations to the actors’ care negotiations, thus going beyond a functional approach to social security, which tends to overlook instances of ‘unsuccessful’ or unrealised care arrangements. In conclusion, I propose that migrants’ care negotiations can be best understood as an ongoing process of exploring potentialities of care by actively and creatively opening up, probing, rearranging and trying out sources of support and care in their efforts to deal with perceived risks and insecurities in their everyday lives.
The present paper argues that the growth of organic farming correlates with the past support policy decisions. Not the recent direct organic farming payments are of importance, but rather the extent ...to which the past policies focused on rural development. Building on the OECD positive policy principles, the paper assesses the support policies of Austria, Finland and the EU. The policy appraisal was based on 16 distinct assessment criteria, with 1960–1994 as the timeframe.
In addition to the largest organic farming sector, Austrian support policy demonstrated the highest rural development orientation. The CAP framework enabled but did not enforce rural development, whereas the rationalisation tendencies were strongest in Finland.
The aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the theoretical and practical basis for financing national economy innovative development, and ways of financing innovation with ...international experience.The results of the analysis. It should be noted that Ukraine's transition to an innovative model of national economy development is the only way to improve the quality of economic growth. Some aspects of innovative development are shown in several regulatory documents. However, at 01.01.12 only 16,2% of innovative enterprises are active, and the proportion of innovative products in the total volume of industrial production is 3,8%. It should be noted that in the EU countries these indicators are at 40-60%. Ukrainian model of innovation financing involves the following sources: own (depreciation, mobilization of domestic assets, proceeds from the sale of certain types of assets, retained earnings, etc.), borrowings (long-term loans of financial institutions, leasing, forfeiting, franchising) and involved (budget state and local levels, domestic and foreign investment: grants, international programs, mutual contributions of foreign investors, funds of foreign research funds, emission of shares). In the process of financial flows and their structure forming should be considered the following approaches: aggressive (maximum satisfaction operational needs in all types of assets with minimum insurance stocks and financial reserves), conservative (full coverage or current operational needs in all types of assets in the presence of sufficient levels of insurance stocks and financial reserves), moderate (full coverage of current needs in all types of assets in the presence of medium or normal in insurance stocks and financial reserves). Also, special attention should be paid to factors that affect the magnitude, intensity, time of formation and direction of the cash flows. According to the principles of financial management we decided to divide them into two groups: external and internal. The experience of developed countries shows the existence of a lot of effective forms of innovation sphere support: state guarantees of loans, preferential loans for innovative entrepreneurship, tax incentives to encourage scientific research and development work, the tax write-off (reduction of taxable income), tax credits (reduce the amount of tax liability), bank lending, investing funds in the innovation infrastructure development, increased use of program-target method in budget allocation, reverse and irreversible financing of small innovative firms on a competitive basis, venture (risk) capital.Conclusions and directions of further researches. Thus, due to the lack of attention to the development of scientific and technical sphere, structural deformation of the national economy, the dominance of low-tech industries there is insufficient use of Ukraines innovative potential. Found that for innovation need to use different sources of funding, because each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. Accordingly, the resolution of the existing problems of planning, use and management of innovative development financing will ensure the national economy competitiveness.
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