This article describes expert opinion and expert reports commonly requested by courts and lawyers in those technical disciplines related to real estate, within the framework of the current Spanish ...legislation. As established in Spanish Civil Code Article 348 "property means the right to possess, enjoy and dispose of anything of value with no limitations other than those established by law. In addition, the owner is entitled to claim property ownership as its holder and its possessor". This regulation has resulted in many litigation proceedings in Spain. Performance appraisal reports can be of aid to non-judicial experts and lawyers in relation to technical issues and can at times be decisive.
SI: Geodetske metode so eden od možnih načinov za ugotavljanje stabilnosti geotehničnih objektov. Spremljanje premikov geotehničnih objektov je zaradi velikosti objektov in pričakovanih premikov ...nekoliko specifično. Pričakovana velikost premikov določa potrebno natančnost določitve premikov, velikost objekta pa določa metodo geodetske izmere. V osnovi izbiramo med terestričnimi metodami in metodami GNSS (globalni navigacijski satelitski sistem. Ker za izvajanje geotehničnih meritev ni ustrezne zakonske podlage, predstavljamo posebnosti posameznih metod in navajamo splošna priporočila za izvedbo geodetskih postopkov pri spremljanju premikov geotehničnih objektov. Priporočila so namenjena projektantom geotehničnih objektov in izvajalcem geodetskih del ter investitorjem, ki jim lahko olajšajo nadzor nad izvajanjem geotehničnih projektov.ENG: Geodetic methods are one of the possible means of determining the stability of geotechnical objects. The determination of the displacements of the geotechnical objects is specific due to the size and the expected displacements. The expected size of the displacement determines the necessary precision of the displacement determination, whereas the size of the object determines the method of the geodetic measurement. We choose either the terrestrical or the GNSS methods. There is no relevant legal framework for geotechnical measurements. For this reason,we present the characteristics of the single methods and suggest general recommendations regarding the implementation of the geodetic procedures when monitoring the displacements of the geotechnical objects. The recommendations are intended for geotechnical engineers planning the geotechnical objects and the operators of geodetic measurements and investors. The recommendations the facilitate supervision of the geotechnical projects.
V prispevku so obravnavane aktivnosti geodezije za potrebe določitve premikov zemeljske skorje, lokalnih premikov zemeljske površine ter premikov in deformacij grajenih objektov. Določitev premikov v ...terestrični horizontalni mreži, terestrični višinski mreži in mrežiGNSS obravnavamo na dveh stopnjah natančnosti. Dejavnosti geodezije v geotehniki so razložene v besedilu prispevka in nazorno prikazane v preglednici. Pričujoči prispevek je skupaj s prispevkom Geodezija vgeotehniki, objavljenim v Geodetskem vestniku 54(1), zaokrožena celota. ; This paper deals with surveying activities in order to define the displacement of the Earth’s crust, local displacements of the Earth’s surface, and the displacement and deformation of constructed buildings. The determinations of horizontal movements in the terrestrial network, in the terrestrial altitude network and in the GNSS network are dealt with at two levels of accuracy. Geotechnical surveying activities are explained in the paper and demonstrated in the table. The paper Geodesy in geotechnics, publishedin Geodetski vestnik 54(1), and this paper present an integral whole.
This article describes the geodetic monitoring of the impact that the tunnel excavations have on the rock mass of the tunnel face in Šentvid tunnel. In the preliminary phase. an exploratory gallery ...was built almost along the main tunnel axis to collect geological, tectonic zone and other relevant data. The exploratory gallery is now being used for geodetic and other monitoring of the impact of tunnel excavations on the surrounding rock mass. Before the beginning, methods of point and station point stabilization, and a measurement method was chosen. Thus, the chosen method of 3D inner intersection with adjustment of redundant observation for station point determination, and the polar method for calculating 3D coordinates of detail points. The method of determination of station point was chosen because of far reaching influence that the tunnel excavations have on rock mass behaviour at the tunnel face.
