The knowledge and identification of stem forms allow more accurate quantification of timber resources as the volume and knowledge of aspects related to species genetics and environmental factors on ...tree growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was the development of methodology based on concepts of solids of revolution to identify the different forms along the tree stems; define the most appropriate formulas to compute the volume of each part of the stem; and estimate diameters along the stems (stem taper). For this, data from 27 felled sample trees of Eucalyptus grandis, separated equally into nine diameter classes, with 60 months of age, planted under 3 × 3 meters spacing were used to establish the relationships between the variables and develop the methodology. For the set of sample trees, the basal part of the stems resembled a neiloid, a cone at the center, and a paraboloid at the top. The differences between stem volumes obtained by applying specific formulas for each stem section and those obtained by a single formula for all sections were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The proposed methodology provided accurate estimates of diameters outside the bark compared to the diameters estimated by the taper models for most sample trees, showing the potential of using the methodology as an alternative to traditional methods.
Bu çalışmada, iç mekânlarda yaygın olarak kullanılan üç farklı geometrik formun (daire, üçgen ve kare) kullanıldığı duvar panellerinin katılımcıların algısal değerlendirmeleri üzerindeki etkilerinin ...belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, insanların günlük yaşamının yaklaşık 1/3’ünü geçirdiği yatak odası mekânı araştırma ortamı olarak seçilmiştir. Daha sonra üç farklı geometrik form kullanılan sanal deney mekânları modellenmiş olup, katılımcıların bu sanal mekânların fiziksel çevre faktörlerini algısal değerlendirmeleri ayrıntılı bir anket yardımıyla ölçülmüştür. Sonuçta, katılımcılar tarafından dairesel formlu duvar panelinin kullanıldığı yatak odası mekânının, üçgen ve kare formun kullanıldığı mekânlara oranla daha sıcak, aydınlık, çekici, ferah, samimi, yakın, iyi planlanmış, özgür, sade, huzur verici ve seyrek olarak algılandığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, 25-35 yaş grubunun genel itibariyle sanal yatak odası mekânlarının fiziksel çevre faktörlerini 36-45 yaş grubuna göre daha olumlu yönde algıladıkları belirlenmiştir.
The unconscious processing of information is an important skill used by competitive athletes to handle the rapidly changing movements of opponents and equipment. Previous studies have shown that ...unconscious information processing among athletes is better than that among non-athletes in the sports-specific domain. However, it is not yet clear whether athletes also show superior unconscious information processing in the general cognitive domain.
Twenty-five competitive table tennis players (athletes) and 26 aged-matched non-athletic college students (non-athlete controls) were recruited for this study. Participants first performed a masked priming task that used geometric shapes as primes and targets to examine unconscious information processing in the general cognitive domain. As a control, participants then completed a prime identification task to determine whether they could consciously detect the priming geometric forms. Reaction times and error rates were analyzed to examine whether motor expertise influenced unconscious information processing in the general domain. Nineteen athletes and 17 non-athletes from our present study, which used general stimuli, also participated in our previous study, which used sport-specific stimuli. The strength of the unconscious response priming effect was analyzed to examine whether the effect of motor expertise on unconscious processing could be transferred from a sports-specific domain to a general domain.
Signal detection analyses indicated that neither athletes nor non-athletes could consciously perceive the priming stimuli. Two-way repeated-measures analyses of variance followed by simple main effects analyses of the masked priming performance, indicating that athletes responded faster and committed fewer errors when the priming stimulus was congruent with the target stimulus. These results suggested that athletes exhibited a significant unconscious response priming effect of geometric forms. By contrast, non-athletes did not respond faster or commit fewer errors for congruent vs. incongruent conditions. No significant difference was detected between athletes and non-athletes in error rates for congruent trials, but athletes committed significantly more errors than non-athletes on incongruent trials. The strength of the unconscious response priming effect that athletes exhibited was greater than that for non-athletes, both in the present study with general stimuli and in our previous study with sport-specific stimuli.
The results indicated that motor expertise facilitated the unconscious processing of geometric forms, suggesting that the influence of motor expertise on unconscious information processing occurs not only for the sports-specific domain but also transfers to the general cognitive domain.
This article intends to define a new methodology that allows the processing of complex surfaces in space through processing cycles, in parallel superposed planes—the variant known as generic ...processing in 2 ½ D—but with predictable control over the deviation from the geometric form of the surface to be processed. The novel methodology consists of identifying the optimal distances between the working planes and the corresponding successive positions so that the deviations from the resulting geometric form fall within the prescribed limits. It is also envisaged that the method will provide facilities in terms of the possibilities for evaluation of deviations from the given form of the surface, and keeping them under control by the stage of elaboration of the numerical control programs. The new optimization is designed to determine the maximum distances between successive processing planes and their position in space, depending on the spatial shape of the surface to be processed. Thus, the aim is to obtain a small number of processing planes with a favorable effect on productivity, but under conditions that respect the tolerances of the surface or the profile, a restriction that otherwise has a negative effect on the same process.
•We asked asked whether laboratory-generated stimulus–stimulus relations established between arbitrary geometrical shapes would show the semantic priming effect.•Subjects learned six conditional ...relations and demonstrated derived symmetry.•Subjects also demonstrated a priming effect – faster reaction times to target stimuli when the prime and target came from the same trained or derived conditional relations.•Data suggest that laboratory-generated equivalence relations may serve as useful analogues of symbolic behavior.•An alternative interpretation in terms of simpler behavioral processes also works, however.
Psychologists interested in the study of symbolic behavior have found that people are faster at reporting that two words are related to one another than they are in reporting that two words are not related – an effect called semantic priming. This phenomenon has largely been documented in the context of natural languages using real words as stimuli. The current study asked whether laboratory-generated stimulus–stimulus relations established between arbitrary geometrical shapes would also show the semantic priming effect. Participants learned six conditional relations using a one-to-many training structure (A1-B1, A1-C1, A1-D1, A2-B2, A2-C2, A2-D2) and demonstrated, via accurate performance on tests of derived symmetry, that the trained stimulus functions had become reversible. In a lexical decision task, subjects also demonstrated a priming effect as they displayed faster reaction times to target stimuli when the prime and target came from the same trained or derived conditional relations, compared to the condition in which the prime and target came from different trained or derived conditional relations. These data suggest that laboratory-generated equivalence relations may serve as useful analogues of symbolic behavior. However, the fact that conditional relations training and symmetry alone were sufficient to produce the effect suggests that semantic priming like effects may be the byproduct of simpler stimulus–stimulus relations.
Icons of mathematics Alsina, Claudi; Nelsen, Roger B
c2011., 20110701, 2011, Volume:
45
eBook
Icons of mathematics are certain geometric diagrams that play a crucial role in visualizing mathematical proofs, and in the book the authors present 20 of them and explore the mathematics that lies ...within and that can be created. The authors devote a chapter to each icon, illustrating its presence in real life, its primary mathematical characteristics and how it plays a central role in visual proofs of a wide range of mathematical facts. Among these are classical results from plane geometry, properties of the integers, means and inequalities, trigonometric identities, theorems from calculus, and puzzles from recreational mathematics.
In descriptive geometry teaching, mean of thought training and plane representation ofthe space, the theoretical base of the technical design, there are some specific aspects which,because a short ...time of the educational plans of the students, in different ways may affect thetraining of the future engineers. This paper gives the possibility to process the spatial forms, theintersection of the geometric forms, with the methods of the descriptive geometry, using thedrawing software.
The geometric forms of relative motions are the digital art forms developed by the researcher over the recent years. Papers have been published on orbital, polygonal wheelbase, pursuit and ...weight-relative motion digital art forms. This case study developed a set of visual media, namely, Relative Motion Creator (RMC), based on the creating methods for relative motion digital art, allowing users without professional programming capability to create and edit complicated motion modes and structures. The recursive structure is a concept of great complexity for relative motion, and thus this study used RMC to observe the effect of chaotic terms on the geometric forms of recursive motions. This case study has completed the operational tools and artistic design of relative motion digital art. Future studies will aim to create more relative motion digital art using RMC for online sharing and demonstrating.
Creativity in Drawings of Geometric Shapes Chen, Chuansheng; Kasof, Joseph; Himsel, Amy J. ...
Journal of cross-cultural psychology,
03/2002, Volume:
33, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This study examines whether European Americans and Chinese differ in their creation and evaluation of drawings of geometric shapes. Two hundred ninety-four drawings created by 50 European American ...and 48 Chinese college students were selected from a larger study of culture and creativity. Drawings were judged by eight Chinese and six European Americans following the Consensual Assessment Technique. The drawings were coded by content to examine what the judges considered creative. Results showed high consensus between European American and Chinese judges and great similarity in the creativity of drawings generated by the two groups. Judges liked best those drawings they judged more creative. The most creative drawings typically involved representations of geometric shapes in contexts (either concrete or abstract). Results run counter to the belief that there are wide cultural variations in the evaluation of and attitudes toward creativity, demonstrate the feasibility of cross-cultural comparisons with the Consensual Assessment Technique, and provide a basis for further cross-cultural research on creativity.
By backward-reasoning and analyzing the features of spatial forms of contemporary minimalism architecture, an abstract concept, space interface, is introduced to restore the original elements, ...investigate the construction processes and explain the essential connotations of the spatial forms. On this basis, three different types of rational construction logics are summed up: the geometric forms of volume, the illumination manifestations of light and the folding appearances of surface, in order to interpret the inherent simplicity and purity of the space interface characteristics of minimalism architecture and provide a kind of realistic theories and methods of space interface manipulation for architectural practices.
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