The influence of light on phytotoxicity of increased concentration (2, 5, 10 mg/l) of intact fluoranthene (FLT) and photomodified fluoranthene (phFLT) diluted in experimental solutions was ...investigated. The germination rate of lettuce (
Lactuca sativa L.), onion (
Allium cepa L.) and tomato (
Lycopersicum esculentum L.) seeds and some parameters of seedlings primary growth of these plant species were used as laboratory indicators of phytotoxicity. Among them a length of root and shoot, their dry weight and a content of photosynthetic pigments in shoot were measured. The results demonstrated that the higher concentration (5 and 10 mg/l) of FLT and especially of phFLT significantly inhibited the germination rate of seeds and the length of root and shoot seedlings of all plant species. Decreased production of biomass expressed by dry weight of root and shoot was found in lettuce seedlings under the inhibitory effect of FLT and phFLT. An increased concentration of FLT and phFLT did not exhibit an unambiguous effect on the content of photosynthetic pigments in shoot of experimental plants. Only the highest concentration (10 mg/l) of FLT significantly increased content of chlorophylls
a and
b in lettuce, onion and tomato plants and content of carotenoids in lettuce and onion. Light intensified a significant inhibitory effect of phFLT in the most testified parameters of germination and seedling growth.
In many gynodioecious species, sex determination involves both cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) genes and nuclear genes that restore male function. Differences in fitness among genotypes affect the ...dynamics of those genes, and thus that of gynodioecy. We used a molecular marker to discriminate between hermaphrodites with and without a CMS gene in gynodioecious Raphanus sativus. We compared fitness through female function among the three genotypes: females, hermaphrodites with the CMS gene and those without it. Although there was no significant difference among the genotypes in seed size, hermaphrodites without the CMS gene produced significantly more seeds, and seeds with a higher germination rate than the other genotypes, suggesting no fitness advantage for females and no benefit to bearing the CMS gene. Despite the lack of fitness advantage for females in the parameter values we estimated, a theoretical model of gynodioecy shows it can be maintained if restorer genes impose a cost paid in pollen production. In addition, we found that females invest more resources into female reproduction than hermaphrodites when they become larger. If environmental conditions enable females to grow larger this would facilitate the dynamics of CMS genes.
Aiming at the seeding date drought problem of wheat on the loess plateau region, this article studied the compounding of 3 chemical agents, i.e. CaCI2, gibberellins (GA) and composite rare earth at ...different concentrations and the difference of seed dressed wheat in its germination rate, germination vigor and seedling shape under indoor simulation water stress conditions. The composite rare earth with the compounding combination of 1.5% CaCI2+0.1% was selected. Using this combination in seed dressing can raise wheat seedling's germination rate and germination vigor while it helps the vigorous growth in the seedling stage.
The Livistona rotundifolia species is native to Oceania, and has a high potential for landscaping use and as a pot plant. This work aimed to study the effects of the maturation stage, pulp removal ...and storage on the germination of L. rotundifolia seeds. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial arrangement 5×2×2 (five storage periods: 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days; two maturation stages: green and ripe; and the presence or absence of the pulp – exocarp and mesocarp) with four replications of 25 seeds each. After sorting out the fruits by the maturity stage and removing the pulp out of half of the fruits from each plot, the seeds were placed in closed bottles, which were sealed and stored in a cold chamber at 10°C. The seeds were removed from the cold chamber and left to germinate in plastic boxes (gerbox type) with sphagnum. The boxes were kept at 25-35°C and photoperiod of 12 hours. The germination rate was determined when seed germination was steady. The highest germination rate was found when green fruits had their pulp removed. The germination rate gradually decreased with the increase of the storage period regardless the maturation stage and the presence or absence of the pulp.
Experiment was conducted to assess the effect of temperature and salinity on germination and seedling growth of C. polygonoides and H. recurvum. Seeds were incubated at five temperatures (15, 20, 25, ...30 and 35 °C) with six NaCl concentrations (0,100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM) for H. recurvum and with seven NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM) for C. polygonoides. The 20–25 °C temperature seems to optimum for germination and seedling growth of C. polygonoides and H. recurvum. Germination and seedling growth were inhibited by either an increase or a decrease in temperature from the optimal temperature. The C. polygonoides germinated up to 100 mM NaCl concentration, whereas H. recurvum germinated up-to 400 mM NaCl concentration under optimal temperatures. The 50 % reduction in seedling growth of C. polygonoides and H. recurvum was recorded with > 50 mM and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The interaction effect of temperature and salinity on all measured variables was significant. Salinity- induced inhibition of germination and seedling growth was more at higher temperatures in both species. These results provide information pertaining to germination behaviour of species, and shows that in arid region, selection of suitable planting time and site must take into account both salinity and temperature.
Synthesis of Pyto-patch as Silver Nanoparticle Product and Antimicrobial Activity Kwak, Y.K., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Kim, S.I., Gangwon Provincial ARES, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Lee, J.M., ABC NANOTECH CO. LTD., Daejeon, Republic of Korea ...
Journal of Bio-Environment Control,
20/Jun , Volume:
21, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The commercial product "pyto-patch" prepared as nano sized silver particle less than 5 nm, has effective antifungal activity against Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia ...sclerotiorum in vitro. As a fungal growth inhibiton mechanism, it can reduce spore germination rate and mycelial growth. As s promising fungicide, Phyto-patch can control anthracnose effectively. The spore of C. gloeosporioides dipped in 5 ppm phyto-patch dilute suppressed germination rate to 13.2%, and mycelial growth stopped for 15 days at 10 ppm. The spore postinoculated on 10 ppm phyto-path smeared PDA surface could not germinate for 3 days and prohibit pathogen infection effectively. In field test, the anthracnose development of 4 ppm phyto-patch treated plot was less than 7% after 21 days compaired to 40% of it in untreated plot. In heavy rainfall season, pepper anthracnose effectivly contrrolled by regular 10 ppm phytopatch spraying every 7 days. The diseased pepper fruit decreased to 5.8% compaired to 94.6% in untreated plot. During drying period, the diseased pepper fruit havested in phyto-patch treated plot was 24.2%, but pepper fruit havested in untreated plot destroyed to 100% within 3 days. The nano silver particle coated on multching textile prevented late blight of pepper effectively and disease occurance delayed about month.
Comparison of seed characteristics between the cultivated and the weedy types of Perilla species Sa, K.J., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Kim, J.A., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Lee, J.K., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
Horticulture, environment and biotechnology,
08/2012, Volume:
53, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
We evaluated the morphological characteristics of 54 Perilla accessions by examining two quantitative and four qualitative characteristics in order to understand better the relationships between the ...cultivated types and the weedy types of Perilla species. The size, germination rate, hardness, and color of seeds were examined. The cultivated type of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens showed variation in seed size (2.08 to 2.96 mm) and germination rate (54 to 99%). Most accessions had soft seeds, but the seed colors of white, gray, brown, and dark brown. The weedy type of var. frutescens also showed the variation in seed size (1.54 to 1.94 mm), germination rate (0 to 46%), and had only the hard seeds in dark brown. The cultivated type of var. crispa showed the seed size range of 1.6 to 1.72 mm, and the germination rate of 3 to 34%, and had only the hard seeds in dark brown. The weedy type of var. crispa showed the seed size of 1.45 to 1.96 mm, the germination rate of 0 to 27%, and also hard seeds with dark brown color. The accessions of cultivated type of var. frutescens exhibited the bigger variation in seed characteristics than the weedy type of var. frutescens and the cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa. Principal component analyses clearly discriminated between the cultivated and weedy types in var. frutescens, and between var. frutescens and var. crispa in the two cultivated types. However, the seed characteristics of the cultivated type and the weedy type in var. crispa were not clearly discriminated. In this study, the size, germination rate, and hardness of seed were the useful characters for discriminating var. frutescens and var. crispa in the cultivated types, and the cultivated type and the weedy type in var. frutescens. The cultivated type of var. frutescens might be regarded as a more domesticated type than the cultivated type of var. crispa.
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