Most paints used for printing in the graphic industry contain traces of heavy metals that are dissolved and carried in the effluent, and the risk posed by these contaminants in the environment is ...associated with toxicity and bioaccumulation in living beings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of natural clinoptilolite zeolite (CL) as adsorbent for removal of heavy metals in wastewater from the graphic industry. Adsorption experiments were performed with the CL zeolite for copper(II), chromium(III) and iron(III) so as to determine equilibrium constants and kinetic models. Kinetic assays performed for each metal resulted in removal up to 95.4% iron, 96.0% copper and 85.1% chromium, at 25.0°C and pH 4.0. The zeolite selectivity followed the order Fe>Cr>Cu and the adsorption mechanism followed pseudo-first order kinetic model for copper and chromium and pseudo-second order for iron. The Langmuir model provided the best fit of adsorption isotherms for chromium and copper while Freundlich model was the best for iron. Toxicity and genotoxicity assays in Allium cepa showed the efficiency of the use of CL zeolite as an adsorbent for treating printing industry effluent, showing no toxic and genotoxic potential, contrary to untreated effluent which showed a decrease in germination and increase in total cells with alterations (toxic and genotoxic effect).
El uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación se ha normalizado entre la población, acción que contempla la transferencia de datos de forma virtual en diferentes casi todas las actividades ...humanas.
La industria gráfica se dedica a la impresión de documentos, que utilizan diferentes tecnologías, una de estas es la impresión litográfica tipo “offset”. El proceso productivo de este tipo de ...industria, así como el uso de sustancias químicas, generan impactos ambientales que pueden afectar de forma negativa al ambiente. Una evaluación de impacto ambiental (EIA), tiene la finalidad de identificar y evaluar los impactos ambientales y generar medidas preventivas, correctivas y compensatorias, en pro del ambiente. Entre los principales impactos teóricos de este tipo de industria están: generación de aguas residuales, emisión de gases, generación de ruido y residuos sólidos. En el presente proyecto de investigación se realizó una identificación, valorización y priorización de los principales aspectos ambientales (AAs) e impactos ambientales (IAs) generados en una industria litográfica tipo “offset” en Costa Rica. Con el objetivo de conocer la situación ambiental de la industria, se realizaron análisis fisicoquímicos de aguas residuales (AR), compuestos orgánicos volátiles (VOCs), partículas totales en suspensión (PTS), ruido y luminosidad. La identificación de los AAs se efectuó en conjunto con los funcionarios de la empresa, con expertos en gestión ambiental y mediante sesiones de trabajo con grupos focales, mediante herramientas como: revisión bibliográfica, lista de chequeo, entrevistas e inspecciones de campo. La valorización y priorización de los AAs identificados se llevó a cabo mediante la metodología denominada Matriz de Importancia de Impacto Ambiental (MIIA). En total se identificaron 16 AAs y 5 IAs. El AA crítico más negativo para el ambiente es la emisión de VOCs, lo cual se debe principalmente a las altas concentraciones encontradas en el ambiente interno de la planta de producción y a la ineficiencia de los sistemas de extracción general o localizada. Los tres principales IAs de carácter negativo al ambiente encontrados fueron: contaminación de la atmósfera, afectación a la salud y agotamiento de recursos no renovables, con valores de impacto ambiental de -64, -62 y -62, respectivamente.
Starting from the revision of the ISO 9001, the new version ISO 9001: 2015 was set up. About twenty key changes are made, but this paper deals with the concept of process as well as process ...performance indicators and measures to implement it. In this paper, key performance business indicators in graphic industry were consolidated. Measurement, analysis, improvement and their impact on the process are connected by unbreakable bond. By specifying the key performance indicators in this industry, the correct way for proper use and application of inputs (requirements, resources, energy) and outputs (finished product and by-products) in the business is explained. The quality standard ISO 9001:2015 was applied in this study.
This paper analyses the possibility of using group technology (GT) in printed packaging production in the graphic industry. The method of grouping that was used is based on the technological ...processes analysis of products and their pathways through the production system (Production Flow Analysis--PFA). Using this method, after recording all the paths of products through the production system, the diagram was recorded. A total of 1600 different products were analyzed and a total of 37 paths through the production were recorded. Products with the same or similar paths were shaped to form the basis for the formation of cells and virtual cells. Furthermore, times in the production for 5 main product groups were recorded and lead times and total processing times were calculated. For further research, the simulation model in Simio will be made, which will be used to test the results as well as show new alternatives for the improvement of the system. Keywords: Group Technology; Graphic industry; Manufacturing cells; Printing and packaging
Frente a la oportunidad que brinda el mercado de bienes creativos a la diversificación exportadora y a la creación de empleo e inclusión, el objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar el mercado ...mundial y regional de objetos de arte, colección, antigüedad, editorial e industrias gráficas y determinar las variables que pueden estar influyendo en el comportamiento exportador de estos bienes creativos en Argentina y Chile durante el período 2002-2015. Para ello, se desarrollará una investigación descriptiva y empírica, revisando detalladamente datos y evidencias y; posteriormente, se determinará un modelo gravitacional ampliado que será estimado mediante datos de panel estáticos y dinámicos. Los principales resultados indican que el comportamiento exportador de estos bienes creativos en Argentina y Chile está explicado por un modelo dinámico, en que a mayor producto nacional bruto del país importador y mejor facilidad reglamentaria y legal para hacer negocios mayores será la exportación de estos bienes.
It is widely recognized that the Graphic Industry handles toxic products and produces, in its various operations, toxic wastes. These wastes can cause serious environmental damages and can lead to ...severe health problems.
In this work we report an efficient, simple and cheap to run method for the removal of some of the most common pollutants involved in the various stages of the Graphic Industry production, using a Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) methodology. We have determined equilibrium constants, Keq, and adsorption (kup) and desorption (koff) rate constants for the extraction of benzene, xylene, toluene and ethylbenzene (BXTE) from water, using C18 disks. The removal of these compounds was monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy, at room temperature. Average extraction efficiencies were of 60% in a mixture of BXTEs and close to 80% when pollutants were assessed separately.
Since the retention mechanism in the C18 disk is essentially governed by hydrophobic interactions between the compounds and the alkyl chains of the disk, we have also shown that these pollutants' lipophilicity plays an important role in the rationalization of their behavior during the extraction process.
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► A simple, efficient and cheap method for removal of toxic wastes is proposed. ► C18 disks were used as adsorbents to extract BXTE from aqueous solutions. ► Average extraction efficiencies of 70% were obtained. ► Pollutants' lipophilicity was identified as a key factor in the extraction process.
Graphic industry as a field of work and a field of study offers ability for economic growth of every country or region. The increase in competition and the development of the market method of ...prediction, increase the need for business organizations to continuously observe their own position. Faced with a variable, turbulent and complex environment, the business organizations adopt strategic management, and modern managers, especially those in top management, have to possess knowledge and skills of the concepts and application of strategic management.In this paper the case method, as a method used in strategic management, will be applied as a general approach of strategic analysis in creating strategy map for businesses in graphic industry.
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