Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) is a type of tuber that has a high glucomannan content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of slice thickness on the quality of porang tuber chips ...using the Green House Effect (GHE) method by pretreatment with 0.15% sodium metabisulfite solution immersion. The slice thickness treatment was carried out at three levels, including 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm, while the drying treatment was carried out with two types, which are the GHE drying method and the conventional drying method using sunlight. The results of the research on porang chips on brightness, moisture content, glucomannan content, ash content, and calcium oxalate content showed that the thickness of the slices had an effect on the quality of the chips. The thicker the slices of the porang chips, the darker the color of the porang chips. The thicker the slices of the porang chips, the higher the water content of the chips. The amount of glucomannan (%) in porang chips goes down as the slices get bigger.
This study focuses on the utilization of mineral carbonation as a means to capture carbon dioxide (CO
2
) from the atmosphere. The approach involves using various composites consisting of an inert ...matrix with an active phase. To evaluate the efficiency of mineral carbonation for CO
2
sequestration, three composites were synthesized based on calcium-rich and calcium/magnesium-rich minerals using sol–gel techniques. The results obtained from the characterization techniques used, namely X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, demonstrate the formation of composite materials such as calcium oxide and calcium/magnesium oxides. After the bubbling process, these techniques confirmed the formation of stable calcium and magnesium carbonates. In addition, to assess the efficiency of the synthesized composites in CO
2
capture, a Bernard’s Calcimeter was used to determine the operating parameters favouring the mineral carbonation reaction. Analysing these operating parameters reveals that under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature, increasing the mass of the compound used leads to an increase in the percentage of captured CO
2
up to 0.5 g, but this rate remains relatively constant when the mass is increased to 1 g. Additionally, increasing the particle size results in a higher CO
2
capture rate. The initial pH of the solution plays a crucial role in promoting mineral carbonation, as an increase in the initial pH also leads to an increase in the CO
2
fixation rate. It is essential for the medium to be basic, as this is one of the critical parameters contributing to the enhanced CO
2
sequestration rate through the mineral carbonation method.
There is an entanglement over the rapid exhaust of fossil fuel and soreness of environmental changes. Biofuels are acting as an alternative resource for petroleum products and also salve of emissions ...control and engine performance improvement. Scholars have seen the supreme use of bio-fuel apparent, as it will influence greenhouse effect. Investigation results show the diminished heating value in congruence with conventional pabulum, so it had depleted more in brake mean effective-fuel power ratio and proliferated NO
x
compared with diesel fuel. The article mainly focuses on the selection - process of biofuel and analysis of performance (BSFC, EGT and brake thermal efficiency), emissions (CO, NO
x
, CO
2
, PM and HC) and combustion (NHR and CP) of the engine are exclusively discussed and summarised. Finally, stability, opportunity, and restraint of a selection of alternative fuel and investigation and study on the engine were asserted to guide further future exploration and evolution in that domain.
Abstrak. Diantara permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh sektor usaha perikanan ialah belum efisiennya teknis pengelolaan dan tidak stabilnya kontinuitas produksi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya sarana ...prasarana untuk mengolah ikan serta sistem pemasaran ikan segar yang masih konvensional, sehingga cepat membusuk apabila tidak diolah lebih lanjut. Penanganan dan pengolahan yang cepat dan tepat diperlukan untuk mengurangi resiko pembusukan dan dapat meningkatkan nilai jual hingga sampai kepada konsumen. Salah satu teknologi untuk meningkatkan masa simpan ikan ialah dengan cara proses pengeringan. Sebuah alat pengering ikan Green-House Effect (GHE) telah dikembangkan. Pengujian dan analisis alat pengering untuk ikan tersebut disajikan dalam makalah ini. Pengering surya ini menambahkan ventilator berupa exhaust fan guna memaksimalkan proses sirkulasi udara di dalam ruang pengeringan. Parameter yang diukur dalam pengujian ini adalah distribusi suhu, kelembaban relatif, iradiasi dan pengukuran kecepatan udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa temperatur di dalam ruang pengering terlihat lebih tinggi yaitu 67°C dibandingkan dengan temperatur di lingkungan karena sifat absorber yang mampu menyerap panas. Sementara itu kelembaban relatif di dalam ruang pengering lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kelembaban di lingkungan yaitu sebesar 30,1%. Nilai iradiasi surya yang diperoleh sangat berfluktuasi dengan nilai tertinggi adalah sebesar 180,6 W/m2. Kecepatan udara di dalam ruang pengering surya lebih stabil dibandingkan dengan kecepatan udara lingkungan karena adanya penambahan ventilator berupa exhaust fan. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan proses pengeringan menjadi lebih cepat.Performance of Green House Effect (GHE) Vent Dryer for Fish DryingAbstract. The problems that occur in the fishery business sector are inefficient and unstable continuity of production. The reasons for this include the lack of infrastructure for processing fish and also the very limited marketing of fresh fish due to its fast-rotting nature if not further processed. Fast and precise handling and processing are needed to reduce the risk of spoilage. One of the technologies to increase the shelf life of fish is the drying process. A greenhouse effect vent dryer type fish dryer has been developed. The testing and analysis of the dryer for these fish are presented in this paper. This solar dryer adds a ventilator in the form of an exhaust fan to maximize air circulation in the drying chamber. The parameters measured in this test are temperature distribution, relative humidity distribution, solar irradiation, and air velocity measurement. The results show that the temperature in the drying chamber is 67 ⸰C higher than the temperature in the environment due to the nature of the absorber which can absorb heat. Meanwhile, the relative humidity in the drying chamber was lower than the humidity in the environment, which was 30.1%. The value of solar irradiation obtained fluctuates where the highest irradiation is 180.6 W / m2. The air velocity in the solar dryer is more stable than the ambient airspeed due to the addition of a ventilator in the form of an exhaust fan. This causes the drying process to take place faster.
Abstract
In both affluent and developing countries, electricity serves as the focal point for all developmental initiatives. Alternative sources of energy must be found in order to ensure a reliable ...supply of clean energy for everyone as the world, and Nigeria in particular, are facing impending shortage of fossil fuels, most immediately oil, which has created a significant gap between energy demand and supply due to insufficient local production. In this article, the potential for solar energy to increase Nigeria’s energy supply is discussed. Sunlight, a renewable, non-depleting energy source, generates solar energy. The quantity of solar Energy being received by the Earth hourly is abundant to supply the required energy on annual basis. Due to the constant demand for power in our present age, solar energy is incredibly effective and pollution-free. As a result, in this regard, solar energy and its potential to improve Nigeria’s energy supply as well as its future trends are discussed. The article is aimed to cover several uses and strategies for promoting solar energy in our society: Nigeria as a case study.
Agriculture is a source of emissions of the greenhouse gas methane into the environment. These emissions can be reduced by appropriate storage of animal slurry and manure, with proper fertilization ...and processing of organic agricultural waste into biogas, where methane is captured and used as an energy source. Biogas is a renewable source of energy that is produced by microbial anaerobic digestion in biogas plants. As a substrate in biogas plants using different types of organic biomass such as animal manure and slurry, crop residues, spoilt silage, waste from food processing industry and biodegradable industrial and municipal waste. Biogas can be used to produce heat and electricity or purified to biomethane as a fuel for vehicles. Digestate can be used as a high-quality fertilizer. Biogas as a renewable energy source represents a replacement for fossil fuels, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil sources. The system of financial supports for electricity produced from biogas is applied in Slovenia. There were 24 operating biogas plants in Slovenia in year 2014. Slovenian biogas plants currently produce the majority of biogas from energy crops. As only the minority of biogas is produced from animal excrements we will primarily support the development of agricultural microbiogas plants that will use animal excrements and organic waste biomass from agri-food sector as substrates.
Several catalytic systems containing Ni/Mg/Al/Ce were synthesized from nitrates of Ni
2+
, Mg
2+
, Al
3+
and Ce
3+
cations with M
2+
/M
3+
= 2 ratios by means of the carbonate co-precipitation ...method and subsequent calcination at 800 °C. Atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, BET, temperature programmed reduction and scanning electron microscopy were used in order to describe the structural, morphological and surface characteristics of the solids completely. The effect of substitution/incorporation of Al by Ce and/or Mg on NiAl sample was studied. XRD analyses confirm that on Al-containing samples (NiAl, NiMgAl), the formation of the precursors layered double hydroxide structure. On the other hand, on cerium containing samples (NiCe, NiMgCe), poorly resolved diffractograms were observed what can be explained by the large radius of cerium. The catalysts were evaluated in the reaction of CO
2
reforming of methane at 750 °C. NiCe and NiMgAl catalysts exhibit higher activity and a H
2
/CO ratio of almost 1. NiAl and NiMgCe samples showed lower conversions and a CH
4
/CO
2
ratio <1, indicating the occurrence of reverse water gas shift reaction.
Citizens need to be prepared on socio- scientific issues in order to argue in interdisciplinary subjects related to cycles in soil, air and water, and the increased greenhouse effect. The ecological, ...economic and social perspectives must be understood as a whole, while the consumption of resources stems from various conflicts of interest. Focus in the study is to investigate how students in secondary school argue in a long term perspective about their ability to act in food-, water- and energy issues. Interviews and questionnaires have been the data collection methods. The analytical method was to reflect the students' statements regarding the external and internal environment in which the Earth System Science respective Agens´ model accounted analyzers. Most pupils expressed egocentric and short-term perspectives in their reasoning and they reflected on their lack of factual knowledge from school.
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