Research studies on brand transgression (BT), service failure and recovery (SFR), and product-harm crisis (PHC) appear to have a common focus, yet the three streams developed surprisingly ...independently and with limited reference to one another. This situation is unfortunate because all three fields study a similar phenomenon by using complementary conceptualizations, theories, and methods; we argue that this development in silos represents an unnecessary obstacle to the development of a common discipline. In response, this review synthesizes the growing BT, SFR, and PHC literatures by systematically reviewing 236 articles across 21 years using an integrative conceptual framework. In doing so, we showcase how the mature field of SFR in concert with the younger but prolific BT and PHC fields can enrich one another while jointly advancing a broad and unified discipline of negative events in marketing. Through this process, we provide and explicate seven overarching insights across three major themes (theory, dynamic aspects, and method) to encourage researchers to contribute to the interface between these three important fields. The review concludes with academic contributions and practical implications.
A Liberal Theory of Commodification Mildenberger, Carl David
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy,
06/2024, Volume:
38, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Judging on the basis of standard accounts of commodification, one might reasonably suggest that liberalism intrinsically lacks an adequate theory of commodification. Liberalism, with its commitment ...to individual choice and to neutrality as regards competing evaluation practices, seems conceptually incapable of identifying or abolishing many significant forms of commodification. This essay aims to refute this claim. It employs a strategy of appealing to the harm principle as grounds for a liberal anti-commodification theory. I claim that we are harmed when we are denied ways to meaningfully engage in certain evaluative practices, ways that depend on evaluations shared with others with whom we stand in meaningful social relationships. Markets can crowd out these shared evaluations, and to this extent cause us psychological harm; this in turn supplies grounds for restrictions on certain markets within a liberal state.
Unhealthy dietary patterns are an important contributor to obesity and related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As with any public health challenge, as well as providing care to affected ...individuals, whole-population interventions are required to mitigate the environmental determinants of population dietary patterns. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has established recommendations, including a set of low-cost, high-impact ‘best buys’ for governments seeking to implement these strategies. The Irish government has stated that it wishes to make ‘the healthy choice the easy choice.’ Yet, in marked contrast to its approach to tobacco- or alcohol-related harms, the Irish government has shown reluctance in implementing those WHO-endorsed strategies or other population-level measures to address unhealthy dietary patterns. Meanwhile, commercial interests work to discredit these measures as “paternalism” or more commonly as “nanny state” violations of individual liberty.
We conducted a narrative review of the philosophical literature on paternalism, particularly the work of the 19th century philosopher John Stuart Mill, who originally formulated what became known as the ‘harm principle.’
Though an ardent defender of free trade and individual liberty, Mill argued that governments have a responsibility to limit the activities of commercial interests (such as taverns or gambling houses) where they encourage ‘excess’ that might harm the individual or society.
The philosophical literature on paternalism gives strong arguments that government measures to limit potential public health harms arising from the consumption of unhealthy diets are not violations of individual liberty. On the contrary, governments are ethically obliged to make such interventions as are necessary to protect the liberty of individuals who are being misinformed and manipulated by industry. Rather than public health measures representing nannying by the state, we argue that they serve to counteract the ‘nefarious nannying’ by commercial actors, thus enhancing individual liberty rather than diminishing it.
Clinical ethicists must be attuned to nonverbal cues and the deeper issues they raise, and be willing and agile to change course, if needed, from discussing goals of care to establishing trust. We ...present a case study where a family and care team disagree about whether a lack of a do-not-resuscitate and do-not-intubate (DNR/DNI) order for a patient with a terminal prognosis is leading to medically justifiable and ethically defensible decisions. An ethicist called a family meeting to discuss the order but determined, after reading the family’s nonverbal cures, that establishing trust was first needed in order to have that discussion, and that such trust could be built by not discussing the order.
Abstract Pecuniary externalities—costs imposed on third parties mediated through the price system—have typically received little philosophical attention. Recently, this has begun to change. In two ...separate papers, Richard Endörfer (Econ Philos 38, pp. 221–241, 2022) and Hayden Wilkinson (Philos Public Affairs 50: 202–238, 2022) place pecuniary externalities at center stage. Though their arguments differ significantly, both conclude pecuniary externalities are in some sense morally problematic. If the state is not called on to regulate pecuniary externalities, then, at the very least, individuals should be conscious of how their productive and consumptive decisions affect others by changing prices. We disagree. Both arguments fail, in that neither gives us reason to think pecuniary externalities are cause for moral concern. Unless a new argument emerges, pecuniary externalities should be left alone.
We modified and applied the surrogate decision-making framework of Buchanan and Brock for pediatrics, and present an integrated framework of pediatric health care decision-making, specifying ...authority and intervention principles, 2 guidance principles, and an additional category of relational principles, governing stakeholder interactions.
Many proponents of the Harm Principle seem to implicitly assume that the principle is compatible with permitting the free exchange of goods and services, even if such exchanges generate so-called ...market harms. I argue that, as a result, proponents of the Harm Principle face a dilemma: either the Harm Principle’s domain cannot include a large number of non-market harm cases or market harms must be treated on par with non-market harms. I then go on to discuss three alternative arguments defending the status of market harms as exceptions to the Harm Principle and discuss why these arguments also fail.
The Case Studies in Social Medicine demonstrate that when physicians use only biologic or individual behavioral interventions to treat diseases that stem from or are exacerbated by social factors, we ...risk harming the patients we seek to serve.
The role of the loss-gain context in human social decision-making remains heavily debated, with mixed evidence showing that losses (vs. gains) boost both selfish and prosocial motivations. Herein, we ...propose that the loss context, compared to the gain context, exacerbates intuitive reactions in response to the conflict between self-interest and prosocial preferences, regardless of whether those dominant responses are selfish or altruistic. We then synthesize evidence from three lines of research to support the account, which indicates that losses may either enhance or inhibit altruistic behaviors depending on the dominant responses in the employed interactive economic games, prosocial/proself traits, and the explicit engagement of deliberative processes. The current perspective contributes to the ongoing debate on the association between loss-gain context and human prosociality by putting forward a theoretical framework to integrate previous conflicting perspectives.
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