Existing research has suggested a predominantly negative view of dependency-oriented help. In contrast, the current research aims to test the positive function of dependency-oriented help in intimate ...relationships where interpersonal dependency is valued. We hypothesized that dependency-oriented help-seeking could function in communicating liking and romantic interests and, therefore, can be instrumental in attracting mates. Our hypothesis was confirmed across nine studies (
= 2,535). For help-seekers, a mate-seeking motivation could positively predict (Study 1) and lead to (Studies 2A-4) dependency-oriented help-seeking behavior tendencies (Studies 1-2B) and actual behavior (Studies 3 and 4). For help-providers, after activating a mating goal, imagining (Studies 5A and 5B) and actually receiving (Study 6) dependency-oriented (vs. autonomy-oriented) help-seeking requests from a potential mate increased help-providers' romantic interests in that mate. Study 7 further showed the function of dependency-oriented help from the perspective of romantic competitors. As such, people in romantic relationships were more likely to see a potential competitor as a mate poacher when this person asked for dependency-oriented help from their partner. Theoretical and practical implications have been discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Objective
Guided self‐help treatments based on cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT‐GSH) are efficacious for binge eating. With limited availability of CBT‐GSH in the community, mobile technology offers a ...means to increase use of these interventions. The purpose of this study was to test the initial efficacy of Noom Monitor, a smartphone application designed to facilitate CBT‐GSH (CBT‐GSH + Noom), on study retention, adherence, and eating disorder symptoms compared to traditional CBT‐GSH.
Method
Sixty‐six men and women with DSM‐5 binge‐eating disorder (BED) or bulimia nervosa (BN) were randomized to receive eight sessions of CBT‐GSH + Noom (n = 33) or CBT‐GSH (n = 33) over 12 weeks. Primary symptom outcomes were eating disorder examination objective bulimic episodes (OBEs), subjective bulimic episodes (SBEs), and compensatory behaviors. Assessments were collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Behavioral outcomes were modeled using zero‐inflated negative‐binomial latent growth curve models with intent‐to‐treat.
Results
There was a significant effect of treatment on change in OBEs (β = −0.84, 95% CI = −1.49, −0.19) favoring CBT‐GSH + Noom. Remission rates were not statistically different between treatments for OBEs (βlogit = −0.73, 95% CI = −1.86, 3.27; CBT‐GSH‐Noom = 17/27, 63.0% vs. CBT‐GSH 11/27, 40.7%, NNT = 4.5), but CBT‐GSH‐Noom participants reported greater meal and snack adherence and regular meal adherence mediated treatment effects on OBEs. The treatments did not differ at the 6‐month follow‐up.
Discussion
Smartphone applications for the treatment binge eating appear to have advantages for adherence, a critical component of treatment dissemination.
Objective: Problematic alcohol use is the third leading contributor to the global burden of disease, partly because the majority of problem drinkers are not receiving treatment. Internet-based ...alcohol interventions attract an otherwise untreated population, but their effectiveness has not yet been established. The current study examined the effectiveness of Internet-based therapy (therapy alcohol online; TAO) and Internet-based self-help (self-help alcohol online; SAO) for problematic alcohol users. Method: Adult problem drinkers (n = 205; 51% female; mean age = 42 years; mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score = 20) were randomly assigned to TAO, SAO, or an untreated waiting-list control group (WL). Participants in the TAO arm received 7 individual text-based chat-therapy sessions. The TAO and SAO interventions were based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing techniques. Assessments were given at baseline and 3 and 6 months after randomization. Primary outcome measures were alcohol consumption and treatment response. Secondary outcome measures included measures of quality-of-life. Results: Using generalized estimating equation regression models, intention-to-treat analyses demonstrated significant effects for TAO versus WL (p = .002) and for SAO versus WL (p = .03) on alcohol consumption at 3 months postrandomization. Differences between TAO and SAO were not significant at 3 months postrandomization (p = .11) but were significant at 6 months postrandomization (p = .03), with larger effects obtained for TAO. There was a similar pattern of results for treatment response and quality-of-life outcome measures. Conclusions: Results support the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy/motivational interviewing Internet-based therapy and Internet-based self-help for problematic alcohol users. At 6 months postrandomization, Internet-based therapy led to better results than Internet-based self-help.
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In this era where dollar value signals moral worth, Daniel Fridman paints a vivid portrait of Americans and Argentinians seeking to transform themselves into people worthy of millions. Following ...groups who practice the advice from financial success bestsellers, Fridman illustrates how the neoliberal emphasis on responsibility, individualism, and entrepreneurship binds people together with the ropes of aspiration. Freedom from Work delves into a world of financial self-help in which books, seminars, and board games reject "get rich quick" formulas and instead suggest to participants that there is something fundamentally wrong with who they are, and that they must struggle to correct it. Fridman analyzes three groups who exercise principles from Rich Dad, Poor Dad by playing the board game Cashflow and investing in cash-generating assets with the goal of leaving the rat race of employment. Fridman shows that the global economic transformations of the last few decades have been accompanied by popular resources that transform the people trying to survive—and even thrive.
Aims
People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are more likely to experience binge eating than the general population, which may interfere with their diabetes management. Guided self‐help (GSH) is the ...recommended treatment for binge‐eating disorder, but there is currently a lack of evidenced treatment for binge eating in individuals living with T2D. The aims of the current study were to adapt an existing evidence‐based GSH intervention using the principles of co‐design to make it available online, suitable for remote delivery to address binge eating specifically in adults living with T2D. The Working to Overcome Eating Difficulties GSH intervention comprises online GSH materials presented in seven sections delivered over 12 weeks, supported by a trained Guide.
Methods
In order to adapt the intervention, we held four collaboration workshops with three expert patients recruited from diabetes support groups, eight healthcare professionals and an expert consensus group. We used thematic analysis to make sense of the data.
Results and Conclusions
The main themes included; keeping the GSH material generic, adapting Sam the central character, tailoring the dietary advice and eating diary. The length of Guidance sessions was increased to 60 min, and Guide training was focussed around working with people with diabetes.
Relations between groups are characterized by competition and suspicion. As a consequence, members of low status groups may question the meaning of apologies offered by a high status group, ...especially under unstable status relations. In two experiments, the present research investigated the role of the intergroup versus interpersonal apology and the potential moderating effect of the stability of intergroup relations on low status group members' (a) help seeking (Study 1) and (b) responses to receiving help (Study 2) from a high status group. Consistent with our hypotheses, when status relations were unstable rather than stable, following a formal intergroup relative to an interpersonal apology by an Israeli official, Israeli‐Arab students sought less dependency‐oriented and more autonomy‐oriented help from an Israeli‐Jewish study coordinator (Study 1) and Jewish‐Ethiopian newcomers reacted more negatively when they read about an Ethiopian‐Jewish student receiving unsolicited dependency‐oriented help from an Israeli‐Jewish college student (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
African American couples experience greater levels of relationship distress than other racial/ethnic groups, but they are less likely to seek formal couple counseling. Existing literature highlights ...the importance of community support in the form of church, family, and friends. While the literature suggests that African Americans encounter unique barriers, we do not know how racism and discrimination impact the couple help‐seeking process. This study seeks to address this gap and better understand unique barriers in the African American couple help‐seeking (AACHS) process via a grounded theory‐informed qualitative study. Findings from interviews with 11 African American individuals in committed relationships highlighted mistrust as a significant barrier to AACHS, while community supports are frequently sought out. Our findings add to current understandings about AACHS and highlight important areas for future research. In the clinical implications section, the authors outline tangible steps that clinicians can take based on the findings from this study.
Background and Aims
Multiple studies have examined barriers and facilitators to help‐seeking, but the prevalence of help‐seeking for problem gambling (PG) is not well established. We aimed to ...estimate the international prevalence of help‐seeking for PG among the general population and among subgroups of people at risk for PG (i.e. low‐risk, moderate‐risk and PG).
Methods
Systematic search of grey literature (through gambling repositories, gambling research institutes and Google) and peer‐reviewed literature (through ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus) for gambling prevalence studies that reported on help‐seeking for PG. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses. Studies used representative sampling methods to determine the prevalence of gambling participation and data collection 2010 onward. Twenty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria. The main outcome was population prevalence of help‐seeking for PG. Help‐seeking was defined as any intentional action to change gambling behaviours, including professional services (inclusive of in‐person or distance help), non‐professional help (e.g. from family and friends) and self‐help. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explain variability in help‐seeking prevalence estimates.
Results
Measurement of help‐seeking was inconsistent across included studies and, overall, there was high risk of bias. We estimated a general population help‐seeking prevalence for PG of 0.23% (95% CI, 0.16–0.33). Prevalence estimates were significantly higher in studies assessing lifetime (0.50%; 95% CI, 0.35–0.71) compared with current help‐seeking (0.14%; 95% CI, 0.10–0.20, P < 0.001), but there was no evidence of difference in prevalence estimates by gambling participation, region, type of help‐seeking, or year of data collection. Compared with people with low‐risk gambling (0.27%; 95% CI, 0.07%–1.04%), prevalence estimates were significantly higher in those with moderate‐risk (3.73%; 95% CI, 2.07%–6.63%) and problem gambling (20.63%; 95% CI, 12.89%–31.35%, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
One in 25 moderate‐risk gamblers and 1 in 5 people with problem gambling have sought help for problems related to their gambling.
Highlights • Of persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) nationally, 18% had heroin use disorder (HUD). • Persons with Rx OUD + HUD tended to be white, uninsured, or adults aged 18-49 years. • Of ...persons with OUD, 26% used any alcohol or drug use treatment in the past year. • Of persons with OUD, 19% used opioid-specific treatment. • Adolescents, the uninsured, blacks, those with Rx OUD only and had low odds of treatment use.
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