The low multiplication and ex vitro survival rates during acclimatization in the culture house limit the in vitro mass propagation of B. vulgaris. Several scientific studies have described the ...development of different protocols for bamboo; however, not all of them address the effects of these systems on plant morphology, physiology, and biochemistry in vitro. In this chapter, a complete and optimized protocol is described for plants propagated via organogenesis in temporary immersion systems. In addition, the morphophysiological and biochemical characterization of the plants as well as the survival rates of the obtained plants under ex vitro conditions are analyzed. The obtained results will be the basis for the development of a technology for in vitro propagation as an alternative for the production of plants of the species.
Somatic embryogenesis in Agave genus has been induced; however, it is desirable to increase the rate of growth to get a more efficient propagation system. In this chapter, we present in detailed a ...protocol for somatic embryogenesis in Agave cupreata and the use of silver nanoparticles in a temporary immersion system. This is an efficient method that can be used commercially to improve the production and germination of somatic embryos.
Agaves are cultivated in Mexico as a source of industrial products such as fibers, nutritional supplements, and alcoholic beverages. Due to the demand for plant material, its long-life cycle, and the ...need to avoid predation on its natural populations, in vitro micropropagation represents a good option for agaves. Plant tissue culture has been successfully used to micropropagate selected elite individuals from plants of various Agave species of economic interest. However, it is necessary to implement systems that lower production costs without losing the quality of the plantlets obtained. This chapter describes the BioMINT™ bioreactor as an alternative for the micropropagation of agaves in the different stages of the micropropagation process.
Nonfreezing Cold Injury (Trench Foot) Zafren, Ken
International journal of environmental research and public health,
10/2021, Volume:
18, Issue:
19
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI) is a modern term for trench foot or immersion foot. Moisture is required to produce a NFCI. NFCI seldom, if ever, results in loss of tissue unless there is also ...pressure necrosis or infection. Much of the published material regarding management of NFCIs has been erroneously borrowed from the literature on warm water immersion injuries. NFCI is a clinical diagnosis. Most patients with NFCI have a history of losing feeling for at least 30 min and having pain or abnormal sensation on rewarming. Limbs with NFCI usually pass through four 'stages.' cold exposure, post-exposure (prehyperaemic), hyperaemic, and posthyperaemic. Limbs with NFCI should be cooled gradually and kept cool. Amitriptyline is likely the most effective medication for pain relief. If prolonged exposure to wet, cold conditions cannot be avoided, the most effective measures to prevent NFCI are to stay active, wear adequate clothing, stay well-nourished, and change into dry socks at least daily.
This book discusses multiple aspects of Chinese dual language immersion (DLI) programs, with a focus on the controversial Utah model. The first part of the book focuses on the parents, teachers, and ...school administrators. It looks at the perceptions of the three groups toward the Utah model, how they build a supportive DLI classroom with an emphasis on teacher–teacher and teacher–parent communication, and how the teachers position themselves in teaching through their teacher identities. The second part of the book emphasizes classroom research and explores teaching and learning strategies, corrective feedback and learner uptake and repair, translanguaging in authentic teacher–student interaction, and Chinese-character teaching. As the first DLI book to include a non-alphabetical language, Chinese, it addresses the need for more research on DLI programs of languages other than Spanish. The book will benefit not only Chinese DLI educators and administrators in the US, but will also offer some useful suggestions and thoughts to educators and administrators of similar programs worldwide.
Trench foot was first seen in World War Ⅰ and was one of the reasons for non combat attrition. We reviewed and analyzed 15 cases of trench foot admitted from 2010 to 2021, summarized clinical ...treatment methods and experiences, analyzed the causes, population characteristics, treatment methods, and treatment experiences of trench foot during peacetime, strengthened attention to high-risk groups, and improved the success rate of clinical treatment.
Hydraulic components used in the maritime environment suffer damage due to the effects of corrosion and marine biofouling accumulation. The application of engineered coatings can overcome these ...problems. This study investigated the corrosion and mechanical performance of novel high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) sprayed ceramic-metal composite coatings; i.e., WC-18 wt% Hastelloy C and WC-10 wt% Ni-5 wt% Cr, designed for the protection of marine hydraulic components. A conventional atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) ceramic coating (i.e., Al2O3-40 wt% TiO2) and uncoated Monel K500 substrate were tested for benchmarking purposes. The corrosion performance of the samples was assessed using a combination of laboratory-based tests (i.e., electrochemical polarization, neutral salt spray, hot water immersion) and field exposure tests by immersion in seawater. The mechanical properties of the samples were assessed via a drop-weight impact test and the tensile adhesion test. The results showed that the HVOF coatings exhibited better corrosion resistance and mechanical performance compared to the baseline APS ceramic coating and uncoated Monel K500 substrate.
•Corrosion/mechanical properties of HVOF WC-based Ni binder coatings were studied.•HVOF coatings had excellent corrosion performance in seawater field exposure tests.•HVOF coatings have high impact strength than Monel or Al2O3.40TiO2 coating.•HVOF coatings have high adhesion strength compared to Al2O3.40TiO2 coating.•HVOF WC-based Ni binder coatings are suitable for use in maritime industry.
IntroductionUK endoscopy training follows an apprenticeship model with the target of one dedicated training list (DTL) per week.1 With changing curricula requirements for specialty trainees and ...service pressure, there is concern endoscopy training will be adversely affected.2 With HEE funding, the Northern Endoscopy Training Academy (NETA) launched in September 2022 and provides 4 week immersion training blocks to endoscopy trainees in North East and North Cumbria to accelerate the training process.MethodThe immersion process involves four centres in Newcastle, Sunderland, Hartlepool and Middlesbrough providing gastro and clinical endoscopist trainees with 4 week training blocks and surgical trainees with 2 week blocks, each with 5 DTLs per week. The academy links with the deanery and base hospitals of each trainee to adjust oncall rotas so trainees can attend all lists at the immersion centres without interference. We obtained trainee feedback to evaluate the immersion process and the delivery of training lists.ResultsTo date, 10 trainees have completed an immersion block with feedback forms completed by 8, including 5 gastro trainees and 3 surgical trainees. Each of the four sites has had feedback from two trainees. 75% of trainees described the volume and frequency of lists as ‘Just right’, with 25% saying it was ‘too little’. Figure 1 describes the trainee experience of multiple trainers, setting learning objectives and completion of DOPS.Free text comments showed trainees widely reporting ‘excellent quality of training’ and ring-faced training was beneficial – ‘not being expected on the ward gives so much room for endoscopy training’ and they ‘didn’t have to worry about scheduled endoscopy lists around oncalls’. Trainees described the immersion block as being superior to the traditional model with ‘effortless consolidation of knowledge during closely applied lists’ and they ‘cannot imagine how trainees managed to pick up endoscopy without immersion blocks’.ConclusionThe first 4 months of NETA show that coordination between deaneries and hospital bases can successfully deliver regional multicentre training blocks. Initial trainee feedback shows it provides high quality learning environment with strong continuity between trainers and is an effective method of rapid endoscopic skill development. The next steps are to determine the effect immersion training has on achieving minimum KPIs, DOPS assessed competencies and the time to sign off.ReferencesSiau K, Hawkes ND, Dunckley P. Training in Endoscopy. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2018 Sep;16(3):345–361.FitzPatrick M, et al. How can gastroenterology training thrive in a post-COVID world? Frontline Gastroenterology 2020;0:1–4.
This book brings together scholars, researchers and educators to present a critical examination of Arizona's restrictive language policies as they influence teacher preparation and practice. The ...Structured English Immersion model prescribes the total segregation of English learners from English speakers and academic content for at least one year.
This study evaluated the effect of air thawing (AT), water thawing (WT), and ultrasound‐assisted immersion thawing (UT) at different power levels (200, 300, 400, and 500 W) on the thawing rate, ...physicochemical properties, and protein structure of chicken breast muscle (pectoralis), and the weight of each sample was approximately 106 ± 3 g. UT shortened the total thawing time and decreased the cutting force with increasing ultrasound power. Additionally, UT at 300 W (UT‐300) remarkably reduced the thawing and cooking losses of the samples compared to AT, WT, and other UT powers (p < 0.05). Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the T21 and T22 of the UT‐300 samples were shorter than those of the AT and WT samples (p < 0.05), which revealed that UT‐300 reduced the mobility and losses of both immobilized and free water. Moreover, UT‐300 remarkably reduced the damage to the myofibrillar protein (MP) structure. Overall, with appropriate ultrasonic power, the thawing rate increased and changes in the MP structure were reduced.
Practical Application
This study found that compared to that of AT samples, the thawing time of the UT‐300 samples markedly decreased by 57%. In addition, UT‐300 could reduce the damage to the myofibrillar protein structure, which was very beneficial for further processing of frozen foods.
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