Within the scope of a bilateral cooperation between Svensk Kärnbränslehantering (SKB) and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung (FZK-INE), an actinide migration experiment is ...currently being performed at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in Sweden. This paper covers laboratory and in situ investigations on actinide migration in single-fractured granite core samples. For the in situ experiment, the CHEMLAB 2 probe developed by SKB was used. The experimental setup as well as the breakthrough of inert tracers and of the actinides Am, Np and Pu are presented. The breakthrough curves of inert tracers were analyzed to determine hydraulic properties of the fractured samples. Postmortem analyses of the solid samples were performed to characterize the flow path and the sorbed actinides. After cutting the cores, the abraded material was analyzed with respect to sorbed actinides. The slices were scanned optically to visualize the flow path. Effective volumes and inner surface areas were measured.
In the experiments, only breakthrough of Np(V) was observed. In each experiment, the recovery of Np(V) was ≤40%. Breakthrough of Am(III) and Pu(IV) as well as of Np(IV) was not observed.
In this paper a Structural Equation Model drawing on current theories of salience is empirically tested using a large scale in-situ experiment (no = 366 objects and np = 119 participants). Using ...estimation methods based on partial least squares strong empirical evidence is found for the ability of the model to predict salience. 72% of the variance present in overall salience can be explained. Formative measurement of visual salience is revealed to be an appropriate way to measure visual salience, as the convergent validity analysis yields a highly significant path coefficient of 0.810. Route related features and visual aspects turn out to be most and equally important to predict overall salience, whereas rather person-related dimensions turn out to be less important. Overall, the model presented provides a reasonable and empirically sound way of measuring salience of objects in a survey-based manner.
In this work, a dual flapping tidal current generator is developed and then validated in indoor and in-situ experiments. It is recognized from the indoor experiments that the dual flapping generation ...system is optimal at the reduced frequency, 0.125 in terms of power extraction. In the consecutive in-situ experiments, system power, 6.4kW and system efficiency 36.5 % are obtained. The dual power transmission, which is also developed for transferring the swing motion of the flappers to the rotational output shaft, is validated in the both experiments and amended into a simple and different arrangement.
An experimental approach is presented to determine the biodegradability and the fate of a surfactant, a linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), sorbed on natural sediments. This study was made after ...modules containing a sediment artificially contaminated by a LAS, were implanted into the shallow bottom of a French Mediterranean pond (étang de Bolmon). Application of a mathematical model which includes a biodegradation term and a diffusion term allows to simulate the behaviour of LAS in the sedimentary column by using experimental data obtained from HPLC analysis. The biodegradation rate constant (0.014 d
-1
) and the diffusion coefficient (0.49 cm
2
d
-1
) have been estimated in near surface (0-4 cm) sediments. In the 4-14 cm sediment layer, these values decreased at 0.004d
-1
and 0.20cm
2
d
-1
respectively and they can be considered as negligible in the bottom sediment (below 15 cm) where the effects of sediment reworking are poor. Reworking processes which allow LAS desorption and their aerobic biodegradation, by distributing oxygen in the sediment surface layers, may be considered as the first mechanism responsible for sediment regeneration.
The in situ experiments are carried out with the use of measurement system based on longitudinal borehole deformometer. It is established that technological explosions exert the maximal effect on a ...rock mass in the direction of driving a mine working. The workings located under the explosion foci undergo the minimal horizontal deformations. In situ experiment, stress-strain state, rock mass, geoblock, displacement, deformations, underground mine workings, explosion
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