Sustainability is a pressing need, as well as an engineering challenge, in the modern world. Developing smart technologies is a critical way to ensure that future manufacturing systems are ...sustainable. Blockchain is a next-generation development of information technology for realizing sustainability in businesses and industries. Much research on blockchain-empowered sustainable manufacturing in Industry 4.0 has been conducted from technical, commercial, organizational, and operational perspectives. This paper surveys how blockchain can overcome potential barriers to achieving sustainability from two perspectives, namely, the manufacturing system perspective and the product lifecycle management perspective. The survey first examines literature on these two perspectives, following which the state of research in blockchain-empowered sustainable manufacturing is presented, which sheds new light on urgent issues as part of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. We found that blockchain-empowered transformation of a sustainable manufacturing paradigm is still in an early stage of the hype phase, proceeding toward full adoption. The survey ends with a discussion of challenges regarding techniques, social barriers, standards, and regulations with respect to blockchain-empowered manufacturing applications. The paper concludes with a discussion of challenges and social barriers that blockchain technology must overcome to demonstrate its sustainability in industrial and business spheres.
•The transparency characteristics enabled by blockchain shows promising for enhancing the sustainability of manufacturing networks.•Twelve metrics of adopting blockchain in the manufacturing sector have been concluded corresponding to nine blocks of the Business Model Canvas.•An overview of social barriers and the challenges of achieving sustainability goal in blockchain-empowered manufacturing applications have been presented.
The interest towards Industry 4.0 is growing since its introduction. The available literature highlights the impacts of Industry 4.0 on the whole supply chain and stress that companies must rethink ...the way they manage their supply chain. Even if the benefits of Industry 4.0 are generally recognized, the latest pandemic Covid-19 has caused disturbances in supply chains. The objective of this paper is to investigate the topic of Industry 4.0 in the pandemic context, highlighting, by means of a case study, its benefits on the supply chain notwithstanding the pandemic. The paper also provides suggestions for future research related to the fields.
•A deep literature review on DT applications in manufacturing is performed.•Rarely a DT environment offers a large set of services to the real system.•Almost never a DT share the elaborated analysis ...to the real counterpart.•A DT application is proposed in a Simulink environment to overcome these gaps.•The illustrated DT poses the basis for further improvements.
In the Industry 4.0 era, the Digital Twin (DT), virtual copies of the system that are able to interact with the physical counterparts in a bi-directional way, seem to be promising enablers to replicate production systems in real time and analyse them. A DT should be capable to guarantee well-defined services to support various activities such as monitoring, maintenance, management, optimization and safety. Through an analysis of the current picture of manufacturing and a literature review about the already existing DT environment, this paper identifies what is still missing in the implemented DT to be compliant to their description in literature. Particular focuses of this paper are the degree of integration of the proposed DT with the control of the physical system, in particular with the Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) when the production system is based on the Automation Pyramid, and the services offered from these environments, comparing them to the reference ones.
This paper proposes also a practical implementation of a DT in a MES equipped assembly laboratory line of the School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano. The application has been created to pose the basis to overcome the missing implementation aspects found in literature. In such a way, the developed DT paves the way for future research to close the loop between the MES and the DT taking into consideration the number of services that a DT could offer in a single environment.
The impediments to Industry 4.0 adoption in sustainable production function as a roadblock to the digital transformation of manufacturing companies. The study's goal is to look at the intricate of ...Industry 4.0's impediments to the advancement of digital manufacturing for long-term sustainability. Adoption of Industry 4.0 is challenging in the current environment, but the consideration of Industry 4.0 in the sustainability industry is much more difficult. The empirical investigation followed a mixed-methods approach, which included the systematic literature review (SLR) method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The thirty sustainability impediments relating to technological, organizational, economic, environmental, social, and institutional factors were identified using the SLR approach, and the AHP method (a multi-criteria decision-making method) was used to rank or prioritize the synchronized impediments. Based on the results from all six categories of impediments, the study found the organizational (compound priority weight 0.413) impediments of Industry 4.0 are the most prominent impediment to sustainability measures for digital manufacturing. It was followed by the Environmental, Technological, Economical, Societal and institutional impediments, with compound priority weights of 0.256, 0.152, 0.099, 0.054 and 0.026 respectively that represent the sequence of these impediments. Overall, the study reveals a 360-degree overview of the organization in order to identify Industry 4.0 factors for digital transformation. By examining the sustainability factors and challenges of Industry 4.0, the study assists company managers in revolutionizing their businesses into digitally-enabled ones. Furthermore, this study also helps managers and practitioners to prioritize the various sustainability factors that are most relevant for their organization when they try to transform digitally their business.
•Identifying and prioritizing impediments of I4.0 to sustainable digital manufacturing.•It indicates a 360-degree overview of the organization to identify I4.0 factors for digital transformation.•The empirical investigation followed a mixed methods approach.•Based on SLR, total of thirty impediments were identified.•AHP method has been used to prioritize the sustainability impediments categories and subcategories.
Recent advances in manufacturing industry has paved way for a systematical deployment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), within which information from all related perspectives is closely monitored and ...synchronized between the physical factory floor and the cyber computational space. Moreover, by utilizing advanced information analytics, networked machines will be able to perform more efficiently, collaboratively and resiliently. Such trend is transforming manufacturing industry to the next generation, namely Industry 4.0. At this early development phase, there is an urgent need for a clear definition of CPS. In this paper, a unified 5-level architecture is proposed as a guideline for implementation of CPS.
Quality of education 4.0 is aimed at producing competent and quality human resources in carrying out activities in the industrial world later ( Pohan , 2019). In the current implementation of ...education in capturing information on the resulting human resources, it is required to obtain information on a very broad scale and human resources are also required to be able to understand various matters, one of which is understanding related to English. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative descriptive method to describe the HOTS concept which would be implemented in English learning activities at SDN 1 Timpag . Qualitative research generally describes the dominant data using words rather than describing phenomena through a numeric number. Based on the results of the research that has been done, some conclusions that can be drawn in this study are that the HOTS indicator learning method is developed in its entirety, there are 6 indicators including Creating, Evaluating, Analyzing, Applying, Remembering and Understanding . At SDN 1 Timpag as a whole there are several implementation indicator ideas that can be improved in the implementation of HOTS in English materials including story telling planning, introduction to animal objects and body anatomy and simple greetings and the use of grammar.
Industry 4.0 considers complex interrelated IoT-based technologies for the provision of digital solutions. Such a complexity demands a vast set of capabilities that are hard to be found in a single ...technology provider, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Innovation ecosystems allow SMEs to integrate resources and cocreate Industry 4.0 solutions. We aim to understand how such ecosystems can consolidate and evolve, and how value is cocreated within them. We adopt a social exchange perspective to consider the relationships in the ecosystem across six structural dimensions and three lifecycle stages. We analyze eleven years of an ecosystem's evolution using a technology mapping of 87 companies, 37 interviews with stakeholders, and a 2.5-year follow-up of a testbed project conducted by 8 companies. Our final framework shows that the ecosystem's mission shifted from accessing innovation funds to Industry 4.0 solution cocreation and, then, to smart business solutions cocreation. As trust and commitment grew, the power structure shifted from the centrality of business association toward a mechanism of neutral coordination of complex projects involving the university and business associations and, lastly, to a platform-driven ecosystem structure, where key technologies emerged as drivers of relationships among the companies and value cocreation. We also show the changes of reciprocity between actors, as well as in value exchange and expected rewards from the social exchange. Managers can learn how to establish technology development strategies in Industry 4.0 ecosystems, while policymakers can learn how to organize the evolution of such ecosystems.
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•We consider Industry 4.0 as a complex system of interrelated technologies.•Innovation ecosystems are an alternative to supply chain in the Industry 4.0 context.•Technology providers can cocreate value by integrating resources in the ecosystem.•We use the social exchange theory and ecosystem's structure as theoretical lenses.•The framework shows actors' role as the ecosystem evolves through 3 lifecycle stages.
At the core of every high-performing warehouse is an efficient order picking (OP) system. To attain such a system, policy choices should be carefully aligned with subjects responsible for the actual ...picking within the established system. Despite recent advancements in automating the picking process due to Industry 4.0, human operators will continue to play a crucial role in the future of warehousing. However, unlike robots, human operators have specific skills, conduct, and perceptions, which are only partly accounted for in current planning models. This review adopts a multimethod approach to identify and analyse how these phenomena are currently integrated into OP planning problems. In addition, we assess the relevance and adequacy of human factors modelling in academic literature with practice-based insights gathered via semi-structured interviews. This leads to five major human factors integration constructs and dedicated recommendations on how to refine them. We then take the analysis one step further and make suggestions on how to integrate these constructs with leading research methodologies in the context of Industry 5.0. The results highlight the prevalent need to increasingly account for psychosocial phenomena and their impact on operational performance. Future research opportunities provide a substantiated foundation to assist in human-centric work design.
Industry 4.0 leads to the digitalization era. Everything is digital; business models, environments, production systems, machines, operators, products and services. It’s all interconnected inside the ...digital scene with the corresponding virtual representation. The physical flows will be mapped on digital platforms in a continuous manner. On a higher level of automation, many systems and software are enabling factory communications with the latest trends of information and communication technologies leading to the state-of-the-art factory, not only inside but also outside factory, achieving all elements of the value chain on a real-time engagement. Everything is smart. This disruptive impact on manufacturing companies will allow the smart manufacturing ecosystem paradigm. Industry 4.0 is the turning point to the end of the conventional centralized applications. The Industry 4.0 environment is scanned on this paper, describing the so-called enabling technologies and systems over the manufacturing environment.
The implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies has improved the flexibility of the entire manufacturing system. These technologies are the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, Artificial Intelligence ...(AI), Additive Manufacturing (AM), advanced robotics, virtual reality, cloud computing, simulation, and among others, have arisen to improve the flexibility in the entire manufacturing system. Industry 4.0 is becoming recognised as a unique industrial paradigm. It is predicated on the widespread adoption of communication and information technology, which would lead to improved organisational performance and flexibility. The incorporation of Industry 4.0 is the true game-changer in terms of flexibility and customisation. Manufacturers may utilise this technology to build digital twins of items used by consumers in the real world. The digital twin gets real-time information from sensors on the actual objects. Manufacturers benefit from digital twin and simulation technology, including predictive maintenance and making errors easier and faster to rectify. This paper discusses Industry 4.0 and its Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) capability. Different dimensions and technologies of Industry 4.0 Practices for improving FMS performance are studied,d and then discusses several flexible approaches using Industry 4.0 technologies are. One of the most significant benefits of adopting virtual infrastructure maintained by a service provider is improved flexibility. Cloud services allow auto-scaling, which means that the underlying computer resources automatically adjust to changing utilisation rates. Industry 4.0 increases production flexibility, allowing a facility to respond to market changes quickly. A plant control system automatically varies output depending on shifting utility rates, lowering production costs. Industry 4.0 offers some incredible benefits and has gone a long way in the last several years.
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