Information technology (IT) and space are sociomaterial dimensions of organizations that Human Resource Management (HRM) often take for granted, discounting how workers enact them in practice. With ...digital technologies rapidly changing the spaces of work, this paper proposes a framework for HRM to appreciate the role of the lived, affective experience of IT-enabled (physical and virtual) hybrid workspaces. We integrate the information systems (IS) literature on sociomaterial practices and insights on organizational space to suggest implications for HRM practice and pathways for future research on how virtual and physical spaces are related and lived in the emergence of new hybrid workplaces and practices.
Although different types of teams increasingly employ embodied physical action (EPA) robots as a collaborative technology to accomplish their work, we know very little about what makes such teams ...successful. This paper has two objectives: the first is to examine whether a team's emotional attachment to its robots can lead to better team performance and viability; the second is to determine whether robot and team identification can promote a team's emotional attachment to its robots. To achieve these objectives, we conducted a between-subjects experiment with 57 teams working with robots. Teams performed better and were more viable when they were emotionally attached to their robots. Both robot and team identification increased a team's emotional attachment to its robots. Results of this study have implications for collaboration using EPA robots specifically and for collaboration technology in general.
Media Archaeology Huhtamo, Erkki; Parikka, Jussi
2011, 2011-06-16, 20110101
eBook
This book introduces an archaeological approach to the study of media - one that sifts through the evidence to learn how media were written about, used, designed, preserved, and sometimes discarded. ...Edited by Erkki Huhtamo and Jussi Parikka, with contributions from internationally prominent scholars from Europe, North America, and Japan, the essays help us understand how the media that predate today's interactive, digital forms were in their time contested, adopted and embedded in the everyday. Providing a broad overview of the many historical and theoretical facets of Media Archaeology as an emerging field, the book encourages discussion by presenting a full range of different voices. By revisiting 'old' or even 'dead' media, it provides a richer horizon for understanding 'new' media in their complex and often contradictory roles in contemporary society and culture.
Optical parametric amplification is a second-order nonlinear process whereby an optical signal is amplified by a pump via the generation of an idler field1. This mechanism is inherently related to ...spontaneous parametric down-conversion, which currently constitutes the building block for entangled photon pair generation2, a process that is exploited in modern quantum technologies. Here we demonstrate single-pass optical parametric amplification at the ultimate thickness limit; using semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides3,4, we show that amplification can be attained over propagation through a single atomic layer. Such a second-order nonlinear interaction at the two-dimensional limit bypasses phase-matching requirements5 and achieves ultrabroad amplification bandwidths. In agreement with first-principle calculations, we observe that the amplification process is independent of the in-plane polarization of signal and pump fields. By the use of AA-stacked multilayers, we present a clear pathway towards the scaling of conversion efficiency. Our results pave the way for the development of atom-sized tunable sources of radiation with potential applications in nanophotonics and quantum information technology.Single-pass optical parametric amplification is demonstrated following propagation though an atomically thin semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide. The demonstration may lead to atom-sized tunable light sources.
To date, there have been very few studies that have explored the relationship between headaches and computer use. The chief aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of primary headache ...disorders among informational technology staff and identify the potential factors contributing to it.
This is a cross-sectional study based on annual health checks of employees from the information technology industry. We identified 2216 information technology staff members from Beijing by stratified random sampling who met the inclusion criteria. All participants were initially required to have a physical examination, after which they complete a general situation questionnaire that included a headache screening question. Those who had suffered from headache within the previous year also completed the questionnaire developed by Lifting the Burden. The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3(ICHD-3) criteria was used for the diagnosis of headache.
A total of 2012 valid questionnaires (males, 1544 76.7%; females, 468 23.3%) were obtained from 2216 participants for a response rate of 90.8%. A total of 619 participants were diagnosed with primary headache, the one-year prevalence of which was 30.8%. Regarding the classification of the primary headache, 152 participants suffered from migraine, with a one-year prevalence of 7.6%; 440 and 27 suffered from tension-type headache and unclassified headaches, with one-year prevalences of 21.9 and 1.3%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that female gender was a risk factor for migraine and tension-type headache (OR 3.2195% CI 2.28-4.53 and 1.8895% CI 1.47-2.40, respectively). Age was also related to migraine and tension-type headache. The 41-50 age group had 2.02 times the probability of migraine, and the 31-40 age group had 1.89 times the probability of tension-type headaches compared to the 18-30 age group. Obesity and excessive computer use (more than 12 h per day) were also factors contributing to tension-type headache (OR: 2.6195% CI 1.91-3.56 and 1.6395% CI 1.18-2.25, respectively).
The one-year prevalence of primary headache in this population was 30.8%. The prevalence of tension-type headache in this population was higher than that in the general Chinese population. The occurrence of primary headache is correlated with many factors, among which excessive computer use significantly contributed to the risk of tension-type headache.
The acceleration in science, technology, communication, and production that began in the second half of the twentieth century— developments which make up the concept of the “digital”—has brought us ...to what might be the most contradictory moment in human history. The digital revolution has made it possible not only to imagine but to actually realize a world in which social inequality and poverty are vanquished. But instead these developments have led to an unprecedented level of accumulation of private profits. Rather than the end of social inequality we are witness to its global expansion. In The Digital Condition, Rob Wilkie advances a groundbreaking analysis of digital culture which argues that the digital geist—which has its genealogy in such concepts as the “body without organs,” “spectrality,” and “différance”—has obscured the implications of class difference with the phantom of a digital divide.
Quantum computation promises to solve fundamental, yet otherwise intractable, problems across a range of active fields of research. Recently, universal quantum logic-gate sets--the elemental building ...blocks for a quantum computer--have been demonstrated in several physical architectures. A serious obstacle to a full-scale implementation is the large number of these gates required to build even small quantum circuits. Here, we present and demonstrate a general technique that harnesses multi-level information carriers to significantly reduce this number, enabling the construction of key quantum circuits with existing technology. We present implementations of two key quantum circuits: the three-qubit Toffoli gate and the general two-qubit controlled-unitary gate. Although our experiment is carried out in a photonic architecture, the technique is independent of the particular physical encoding of quantum information, and has the potential for wider application. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Big Data and Management George, Gerard; Haas, Martine R; Pentland, Alex
Academy of Management journal,
04/2014, Volume:
57, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Big data is everywhere. In recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on big data, business analytics, and "smart" living and work environments. Though these conversations are predominantly ...practice driven, organizations are exploring how large-volume data can usefully be deployed to create and capture value for individuals, businesses, communities, and governments. Whether it is machine learning and web analytics to predict individual action, consumer choice, search behavior, traffic patterns, or disease outbreaks, big data is fast becoming a tool that not only analyzes patterns, but can also provide the predictive likelihood of an event. Organizations have jumped on this bandwagon of using ever-increasing volumes of data, often in tera- or petabytes' worth of storage capacity, to better predict outcomes with greater precision. In current information technology infrastructures, the provision of services such as network connectivity is usually associated with a Service Level Agreement defining the nature and quality of the service to be provided.
Spin defects in solid-state materials are strong candidate systems for quantum information technology and sensing applications. Here we explore in details the recently discovered negatively charged ...boron vacancies (V
) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and demonstrate their use as atomic scale sensors for temperature, magnetic fields and externally applied pressure. These applications are possible due to the high-spin triplet ground state and bright spin-dependent photoluminescence of the V
. Specifically, we find that the frequency shift in optically detected magnetic resonance measurements is not only sensitive to static magnetic fields, but also to temperature and pressure changes which we relate to crystal lattice parameters. We show that spin-rich hBN films are potentially applicable as intrinsic sensors in heterostructures made of functionalized 2D materials.
Editor Nilgün Bozbuğa, Sevinç Gülseçen The main goal of the use of information technologies in medicine is to increase efficiency, productivity and quality in health services. In healthcare, ...traditional complex health service systems are increasingly replaced by smart systems that can be monitored and controlled in real time. Intelligent systems equipped with digital technology opportunities have started the “Health 4.0” era in health care fields. The definitions of “Health 4.0” and “Smart Health” are used in parallel with the “Industry 4.0” period, in order to emphasize the cyber-physical determinants of health, symbolizing real-time information provision and access to holistic health care. One of the most important reasons why the concept of smart health has become popular is the concept of big data produced in medicine as well as in all areas of life. The enormous size and variety of data, whether real-time or timestamped, structured or unstructured, continues to grow in healthcare. Clinical artificial intelligence applications, which include more efficient and faster technological solutions in the production of health services, and which aim to increase the health level of individuals and improve their quality of life, are becoming widespread with approaches to improve health services by analyzing health data. In addition to the use of artificial intelligence in the administration of health services, performance and capacity increase, original models are also created in the management of health services. The use of informatics approaches in diagnosis, treatment and care processes, the developments in digital imaging technologies, the use of robotic systems in surgery, the widespread use of modeling and simulation technologies in medical education make a difference in the functioning of health institutions. Despite the disadvantage of high initial investment costs, artificial intelligence technologies in the field of health contribute greatly to measurement, diagnosis, treatment management and follow-up activities with their facilitating and adaptive effects. Although conceptual and technical studies on the future of artificial intelligence applications continue, it is not possible for artificial intelligence systems to display the ability for emotional intelligence, which requires design, adaptation and intuition, and to perform multitasking similar to the human brain. As in the field of informatics, there are still concerns about ethical reasoning responsibility and ethical decision making in artificial intelligence applications in medicine. In the third book of the series published by Istanbul University Press in medical informatics, the applications of medical informatics and artificial intelligence in medicine are discussed with a multidisciplinary approach and broad perspective. In particular, telemedicine and out-of-hospital patient management issues, which allow health service delivery to be provided without time and space limits, are handled with public regulations specific to the coronavirus pandemic period.
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