China has defied the declining trend in domestic content in exports in many countries. This paper studies China's rising domestic content in exports using firm- and customs transaction-level data. ...The approach embraces firm heterogeneity and hence reduces aggregation bias. The study finds that the substitution of domestic for imported materials by individual processing exporters caused China's domestic content in exports to increase from 65 to 70 percent in the period 2000-2007. Such substitution was induced by the country's trade and investment liberalization, which deepened its engagement in global value chains and led to a greater variety of domestic materials becoming available at lower prices.
Este trabajo estudia la integración de Canadá y México con Estados Unidos previo al Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte. Se utilizaron tecnicas de Insumo-Producto y se encontro que Canada ...y Mexico estaban integrados con Estados Unidos, pero con características distintas. Ya que la mayoría de las industrias canadienses con mayor integración no están vinculadas a la industria automotriz, estos resultados son curiosos porque durante prácticamente todo el periodo el tratado de libre comercio vigente era el de la industria automotriz. Entre las industrias mexicanas móas integradas se encuentran algunas asociadas con las maquiladoras, lo cual sugiere una concordancia entre las políticas de Mexico y su integración con Estados Unidos.
Preferential trade agreements have become common ways to protect or restrict access to national markets in products and services. The United States has signed trade agreements with almost two dozen ...countries as close as Mexico and Canada and as distant as Morocco and Australia. The European Union has done the same. In addition to addressing economic issues, these agreements also regulate the protection of human rights. InForced to Be Good, Emilie M. Hafner-Burton tells the story of the politics of such agreements and of the ways in which governments pursue market integration policies that advance their own political interests, including human rights.
How and why do global norms for social justice become international regulations linked to seemingly unrelated issues, such as trade? Hafner-Burton finds that the process has been unconventional. Efforts by human rights advocates and labor unions to spread human rights ideals, for example, do not explain why American and European governments employ preferential trade agreements to protect human rights. Instead, most of the regulations protecting human rights are codified in global moral principles and laws only because they serve policymakers' interests in accumulating power or resources or solving other problems. Otherwise, demands by moral advocates are tossed aside. And, as Hafner-Burton shows, even the inclusion of human rights protections in trade agreements is no guarantee of real change, because many of the governments that sign on to fair trade regulations oppose such protections and do not intend to force their implementation.
Ultimately, Hafner-Burton finds that, despite the difficulty of enforcing good regulations and the less-than-noble motives for including them, trade agreements that include human rights provisions have made a positive difference in the lives of some of the people they are intended-on paper, at least-to protect.
This is a film review of AUM: The Cult at the End of the World (2023), directed by Ben Braun and Chiaki Yanagimoto. Keywords Apocalypse, Terrorism, Aum Shinrikyo
La desaparición de las Torres Gemelas infló grotescamente lo sublime. La inclusión de Edmund Burke del miedo y el temor como elementos estéticos ha llegado a dominar los cánones de la representación, ...pero el efecto extremo del 11-S hizo del concepto algo intolerable, mientras que la arquitectura posterior parece haber reaccionado con la proliferación de contorsiones extremas, y a menudo inquietantes, voladizos vertiginosos y perfiles desequilibrados. Representando las maquinaciones del milenio anterior, tras su extirpación estos monolitos mínimos se convirtieron en los auspicios más potentes para el siguiente. Antes de caer, eran extraordinariamente puras formalmente al mismo tiempo que provocaban la ira sectaria hacia las instituciones que representaban: Nueva York, Estados Unidos y el comercio multinacional. La improbable historia de la desaparición violenta de sus edificios contagió también a su diseñador. El colapso los convirtió en verdaderos monumentos, en el sentido fúnebre de la palabra, profundamente significativos mientras el mundo deriva hacia la distopía, favoreciendo a la plutocracia y destilando sentimientos malignos en muchas culturas.
Alien species represent a significant component of European entomofauna. Intensive international trade of plants, particularly woody ornamentals, has increased introduction of alien species into ...Europe in the last two decades, where alien terrestrial invertebrates prevail as one of the most numerous groups of introduced organisms. As of 2010, fourteen species of alien psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) have been recorded in Europe. Five species have been reported from Croatia, including Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama, 1908), as the only species from genus Acizzia Heslop-Harrison, 1961 present in Croatia so far. This paper provides genus status in Croatia, with first records of Australian species Acizzia uncatoides (Ferris & Klyver, 1932) and Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae (Froggatt, 1901).
Alien species represent a significant component of European entomofauna. Intensive international trade of plants, particularly woody ornamentals, has increased introduction of alien species into ...Europe in the last two decades, where alien terrestrial invertebrates prevail as one of the most numerous groups of introduced organisms. As of 2010, fourteen species of alien psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) have been recorded in Europe. Five species have been reported from Croatia, including Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama, 1908), as the only species from genus Acizzia Heslop-Harrison, 1961 present in Croatia so far. This paper provides genus status in Croatia, with first records of Australian species Acizzia uncatoides (Ferris & Klyver, 1932) and Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae (Froggatt, 1901). Keywords: Acizzia, alien species, Croatia, first record, psyllids Strane vrste vana su komponenta europske entomofaune. Intenzivna medunarodna trgovina biljem, primarno drvenastim ukrasnim vrstama, u posljednja je dva desetljeca dovela do porasta broja unosa stranih vrsta u Europu pri cemu kopneni bezkraljenaci predstavljaju jednu od najbrojnijih skupina. Do 2010. godine 14 stranih vrsta lisnih buha (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) zabiljeeno je u Europi. Pet je do danas registrirano u Hrvatskoj, ukljucujuci i vrstu Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama, 1908), kao jedinog predstavnika roda Acizzia Heslop-Harrison, 1961. Rad donosi pregled vrsta roda Acizzia u Hrvatskoj, s prvim nalazima australskih vrsta Acizzia uncatoides (Ferris & Klyver, 1932) i Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae (Froggatt, 1901). Kljucne rijeci: Acizzia, Hrvatska, lisne buhe, prvi nalaz, strane vrste
In a world in which global trade is at risk, where warehouses and airports, shipping lanes and seaports try to guard against the likes of Al Qaeda and Somali pirates, and natural disaster can disrupt ...the flow of goods, even our "stuff" has a political life. The high stakes of logistics are not surprising, Deborah Cowen reveals, if we understand its genesis in war.
InThe Deadly Life of Logistics, Cowen traces the art and science of logistics over the last sixty years, from the battlefield to the boardroom and back again. Focusing on choke points such as national borders, zones of piracy, blockades, and cities, she tracks contemporary efforts to keep goods circulating and brings to light the collective violence these efforts produce. She investigates how the old military art of logistics played a critical role in the making of the global economic order-not simply the globalization of production, but the invention of the supply chain and the reorganization of national economies into transnational systems. While reshaping the world of production and distribution, logistics is also actively reconfiguring global maps of security and citizenship, a phenomenon Cowen charts through the rise of supply chain security, with its challenge to long-standing notions of state sovereignty and border management.
Though the object of corporate and governmental logistical efforts is commodity supply,The Deadly Life of Logisticsdemonstrates that they are deeply political-and, considered in the context of the long history of logistics, deeply indebted to the practice of war.
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