Global Solidarity Wilde, Lawrence
2013, 2013-01-16, 2013-01-31
eBook
Explores the potential of globalisation to provide the conditions for a harmonious global community. Solidarity has been a mobilising word since the mid-19th century, conjuring images of united ...action in pursuit of social justice. Lawrence Wilde explores this concept and raises the question of whether solidarity among strangers is a meaningful aspiration in our globalising age. He critically examines the work of Rorty, Honneth, Touraine, Habermas and Fraser and shows how solidarity relates to nationalism, gender, religion and culture. Looking to the future, he explores the politics of global solidarity and the conditions required for its development.
Drawing on the knowledge-based view and organizational learning theory, we develop and test a set of hypotheses to provide a first attempt at analyzing the effect of speed of internationalization on ...long-term performance. Using a panel-data sample of Spanish listed firms (1986–2010), we find that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between speed of internationalization and long-term performance. We also find that whereas technological knowledge steepens this relationship, the diversity of prior international experience flattens it. Our results contribute to the existing IB literature on the performance of FDI, cross-country knowledge transferability, and nonsequential entry.
Host countries' level of development affects internationalization from emerging markets. The challenges and opportunities firms face, the resources and assets they need, and ultimately how they ...internationalize are shaped by whether firms internationalize to developing or developed countries, and whether they operate within a single or across multiple levels of host country development. I propose a typology of four firm strategies to deal with different host location types: local optimization, global consolidation, brokering and niche filling. Local optimization happens when firms seek out less competitive markets in similar and lower income countries, managing institutional and infrastructural challenges through collective action. Firms seeking global consolidation manage their limited capabilities and legitimacy through mergers and acquisitions as they springboard from low to high income host locations. Suppliers in global value chains and the customer-facing partners of advanced multinationals in low income countries are arbitrageurs between high and low income countries. They use brokering to avoid head-on competition with advanced multinationals, but to grow, firms must retain their primary relationships while developing non-competing relationships. Niche filling involves firms targeting knowledge-intensive offerings at lucrative high income markets, managing their smaller resource base vis-à-vis competitors through non-equity or digitally-enabled modes of internationalization. Firms can simultaneously use different strategies for different types of foreign markets.
The unexpected cancelation of in-person academic activities – produced by the health emergency caused by the COVID-19 disease – resulted in a detriment to the immersive nature of students’ mobility ...experiences. The objective of this research was to conduct an exploratory and descriptive analysis of the outbound mobility experience of students at Universidad Nacional del Sur, in Argentina, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A proposal for a solution to the impossibility of students moving to other countries or universities was to continue mobility virtually. The methodology applied in this research was qualitative: students who participated in a student mobility program during 2020 and 2021 were surveyed and interviewed. Despite the challenges evidenced by the research, the results showed that students felt highly satisfied with their mobility experience. Virtual mobility is a promising option for those people who for various reasons cannot travel abroad but can benefit from the mobility experienced from home.
World economies experience a huge process of globalization that, among other things, makes more markets available for businesses and entrepreneurs to place their products. Market availability, in ...turn, generates positive expectations of business growth, which results in greater competition and innovation, which help to achieve a higher level of product internationalization. This study aims to ascertain whether service sector entrepreneurs who decide to innovate and internationalize have expectations of achieving greater business growth. This study examines the direct relationship between innovation, internationalization, and the expectations of business growth of service sector entrepreneurs. To do so, this study conducts an empirical analysis with data from seventeen countries.
•We show how Chinese firms acquire knowledge by hiring returnees.•There is a positive relation between the choice of hiring returnees and FDI.•Individuals sitting in the most strategic positions ...determine FDI choices.•Returnees can offset inexperience of latecomer firms and drive their FDI.
This paper examines how Chinese firms acquire knowledge and experience in international markets by attracting returnees using an original firm level survey from Guangdong province. It finds that there is a strong and positive relation between a firm’s choice of hiring returnees and its propensity to embark in FDI. Moreover, it shows that not all returnees contribute equally to firms’ internationalization. It is mainly those individuals in the most strategic functions, such as management and sales to determine both the propensity and the level of overseas direct investment. Finally, it finds that the presence of returnees is particularly effective for less experienced firms since it can help reduce the time taken to build capabilities and provide direct access to the knowledge necessary to invest abroad.
This study explores the relationship between exporting strategies, firm efficiency, and downsizing. Drawing on the resource-based view, we first test whether there is a link between export intensity ...and the propensity of a firm to downsize. Next, we examine the impact of direct/indirect exporting strategies as well as the interactive effects of efficiency and each exporting strategy on the propensity to downsize. We use a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms between 1993 and 2016. Our findings reveal a negative effect of a firm’s level of involvement in foreign markets via exports on the propensity to downsize. Our results also show that the propensity to downsize is lower in firms using a direct export strategy and in more efficient firms opting for this strategy. However, no support for a significant association between the propensity to downsize and the use of an indirect export strategy and efficiency is observed.
Purpose
Little research has been done on the emergence of companies that engage in increasingly digital entrepreneurship with digitalized value-chain activities. The purpose of this paper is provide ...a consistent picture of how value-chain digitalization affects companies’ internationalization and international marketing (IM), and give insights regarding the influence of the degree of value-chain digitalization on the level of internationalization.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper takes an explorative approach based on a literature review and uses a conceptual analysis and research framework to empirically classify digitalized/-ing companies.
Findings
This study finds ways to classify the internationalization of companies according to the degree of digitalization of their value-chain. The more these companies use internet hardware infrastructure and web and mobile software technologies, the better they can leverage their foreign assets, achieving a higher share of foreign sales with relatively limited foreign assets.
Research limitations/implications
The results enrich the literature on internationalization and IM and entrepreneurship to explain companies that are distinctly digitalized across their value-chain activities.
Practical implications
This research provides evidence for companies regarding digitalization of the value-chain to facilitate entrepreneurial opportunities and offer rapid, efficient and affordable internationalization.
Originality/value
This research tackles a novel phenomenon by analyzing companies’ value-chain digitalization in relation to their degree of internationalization and IM.
PurposeSmart cities and their internationalization process and efforts in order to gain the competitive advantage in the international arena have received a great deal of attention by marketing ...scholars and practitioners alike. Yet, the growing number of studies focused on this topic has led to considerable fragmentation and theoretical confusion.Design/methodology/approachTo move the domain forward, this study applies the systematic review methodology and reviews 41 peer-reviewed articles published in highly esteemed publication outlets.FindingsBuilding on the antecedents–phenomenon–consequences framework, the authors discuss the antecedents and consequences of the various innovative marketing strategies that smart cities adopt for their internationalization and development of an international competitive advantage. In the process of doing so, the authors synthesize the findings of the studies as well as literature gaps that provide fruitful avenues for future research.Originality/valueThis article offers a systematic review of extant marketing research on smart cities and their efforts to internationalize. In particular, this study advances the conceptual development of smart city internationalization and innovation by a marketing lens, provides an integrative, international-oriented framework that maps the extant literature across disciplines and countries, expands the boundaries of this research domain into new research paths and offers implications for policy and practice.
For entrepreneurial firms (EFs), internationalization and innovation present two major avenues for growth. Prior research, based primarily on EFs from advanced economies, demonstrates mixed insights ...for the relationship between these strategies. A deeper understanding of the tradeoffs involved in the internationalization-innovation relationship may help better comprehend the issue. In this study, we draw on the organizational learning and capabilities-based literatures to examine the relationship in the context of EFs in transition economies (EFTEs). Our findings suggest that in EFTEs, internationalization is negatively associated with the likelihood of innovation. We also find that three knowledge-based capabilities of EFTEs (absorptive capacity, appropriation capability, and managerial capability) positively moderate the aforementioned negative relationship. We do not find any evidence of reverse causality (EFTE innovation impacting internationalization). Our research provides novel insights to the IE literature by shedding light on the internationalization–innovation tradeoffs that EFTEs experience.
PDF
