Abstract Objective This article provides an overview of the Cross‐Lagged Panel Model (CLPM), Random‐Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model (RI‐CLPM), and Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals ...(LCM‐SR), highlighting the major issues of the CLPM for relationship science, and discusses dyadic extensions of those three models. Background Understanding interdependencies among people and constructs is a central interest in relationship science. Addressing such research questions requires complex designs ideally using data collected at multiple measurement occasions of multiple constructs from at least two persons (e.g., both partners of a couple). The Cross‐Lagged Panel Model (CLPM) has been widely used to analyze such data, however, particularly during the last decade, it has been pointed out that the CLPM confounds between‐ and within‐person variation. As a consequence, alternative models such as the Random‐Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model (RI‐CLPM) and the Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (LCM‐SR) were proposed that aim to disentangle between‐ and within‐person variation and, hence, allow conclusions regarding within‐person dynamics. Method As an illustrative example, we apply dyadic extensions of the CLPM, RI‐CLPM, and LCM‐SR to investigate the dynamic interplay between depression and relationship satisfaction in a sample of 1699 mixed‐gender couples surveyed in the German Family Panel. Results While the CLPM indicated a reciprocal relationship between depression and satisfaction, the RI‐CLPM and LCM‐SR indicated a unidirectional association flowing from depression to satisfaction. Conclusion We discuss how findings like this can foster theory‐building and, ultimately, strengthen relationship science.
Background. The relevance of the work is due to insufficient knowledge of adolescents’ understanding disappointment, its causes and ways of its overcoming. Objective. The study had purpose to ...investigate into ideas about disappointment among the young people aged 17–25 years. Study Participants. The study involved 285 people (180 girls and 105 boys) aged 17–25 years. Methods. The study implemented content analysis of mini-essays on the topic: “My idea of disappointment” including answers to the following questions: “What is disappointment?”, “What feelings did you experience when disappointed?”, “The greatest disappointment in my life.” Results. The study allowed to analyze the concepts of disappointment among young people, to identify its different types and describe the specifics of experiencing disappointment in the selected age groups. All subjects understand disappointment as a manifestation of negative emotions in response to an expected result. The study has identified three types of disappointment: in oneself, in others, in activities. When describing feelings associated with disappointment, negative emotions predominated in the 17–20-year-old group. In the 21–25-year-old group, in addition to negative ones, there were also positive feelings as grounds for revising plans and their implementation. Conclusions. In the young people aged 17–25 experiencing disappointment, the negative emotions reinforce their negative self-affirmation and destroy their confidence in the truth of their feelings towards themselves and others. Only a small number of young people can see the possibility of positive changes in a situation of disappointment, which makes it difficult to correct behavior and attitudes towards others in the process of overcoming disappointment. The results obtained allow for introducing the concept of disappointment, which affects interpersonal relationships, into the social psychology. The proposed recommendations can be used by educators and psychologists practicing support to the people of different ages aimed at overcoming frustration of disappointments.
The need for relationships is a fundamental human need that, together with the need for autonomy and competence, determines the level of efficiency and performance of the individual at work. ...Interpersonal relationships create the social climate at the workplace; it has a significant influence on the psychological comfort of the employees, supporting them in carrying out their tasks and protecting them from the possible harmful effects of multiple or excessive demands. The relationships with co-workers that can be classified into two large categories: coworker support and coworker antagonism. In this paper we present a set of fundamental information about coworker support which can manifest as instrumental support (informational or behavioral) or affective support. It can influence employee’s role perceptions, work attitudes and effectiveness, and organizational citizenship behaviors, but it can also induce negative phenomena such as counterproductive behaviors and certain forms of withdrawal. In modern organizations, coworker support can also manifest as a non-traditional form of mentoring based on “development networks” that are made up of sets of relationships with people who show interest and act so that an individual advance in his career, providing him with assistance in multiple and varied directions.
Biologists and social scientists have long tried to understand why some societies have more fluid and open interpersonal relationships and how those differences influence culture. This study measures ...relational mobility, a socioecological variable quantifying voluntary (high relational mobility) vs. fixed (low relational mobility) interpersonal relationships. We measure relational mobility in 39 societies and test whether it predicts social behavior. People in societies with higher relational mobility report more proactive interpersonal behaviors (e.g., self-disclosure and social support) and psychological tendencies that help them build and retain relationships (e.g., general trust, intimacy, self-esteem). Finally, we explore ecological factors that could explain relational mobility differences across societies. Relational mobility was lower in societies that practiced settled, interdependent subsistence styles, such as rice farming, and in societies that had stronger ecological and historical threats.
How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected intimate relationships? The existing literature is mixed on the effect of major external stressors on couple relationships, and little is known about the early ...experience of crises. The current study used 654 individuals involved in a relationship who provided data immediately before the onset of the pandemic (December, 2019) and twice during the early stages of the pandemic (March and April, 2020). Results indicate that relationship satisfaction and causal attributions did not change over time, but responsibility attributions decreased on average. Changes in relationship outcomes were not moderated by demographic characteristics or negative repercussions of the pandemic. There were small moderation effects of relationship coping and conflict during the pandemic, revealing that satisfaction increased and maladaptive attributions decreased in couples with more positive functioning, and satisfaction decreased and maladaptive attributions increased in couples with lower functioning.
Youth with greater levels of narcissism face a wide array of difficulties in interactions with others. However, there exists a curious lack of research on their close relationships, such as ...friendships. In this study, we examined associations between narcissism and friendship features over time. Participants were 261 eighth and ninth graders (112 boys; Mage at Time1 = 14.34, SD = .68; 95.4% born in Finland) who completed measures of narcissism at Time 1 (fall of the school year), and friendship nominations as well as three different characteristics of friendship (positive friendship quality, corumination, and conflict) at Time 1 and Time 2 (spring of the school year). When we limited our analyses to participants who were in stable reciprocated friendships, then, for girls, narcissism was negatively associated with Time 2 positive friendship quality as well as corumination. For boys, narcissism was not significantly associated with Time 2 positive friendship quality nor corumination. In addition, higher levels of narcissism predicted greater Time 2 positive friendship quality when the friend scored relatively low on narcissism. Our discussion focuses on the putative mechanisms that might account for differences in the dynamics of friendships of boys and girls with greater narcissistic traits, and why youth with greater narcissism levels might perceive their friendships as having more positive features when their friend is dissimilar.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
Interpersonal emotion regulation occurs when people influence others’ emotions (extrinsic regulation) or turn to others to influence their own emotions (intrinsic regulation). Research on ...interpersonal regulation has tended to focus on how people regulate emotions, with little interrogation of why people do it, despite the importance of motives in driving emotion regulation goals and strategy selection. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic exploration of interpersonal emotion regulation motives, employing a participant-driven approach to document the breadth of motives that people hold across different social contexts. Study 1a ( N = 100) provided an initial qualitative examination of motives for both intrinsic and extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation. Study 1b ( N = 399) quantitatively catalogued these motives in recalled social interactions. Study 2 ( N = 200), a daily diary study, used the motive taxonomy generated in Studies 1a and 1b to understand why people regulated their own and others’ emotions in everyday social interactions over the course of 14 days. Together, our findings reveal the diversity of intrinsic and extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation motives and open avenues to further explore motives both as a precursor to and an outcome of regulatory processes in daily life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
While fake news has been widely reviled as an attack on democracy, less has been written about its threat to interpersonal relationships. Social networks have become increasingly popular for sharing ...news and as a result have also offered fertile ground for the spread of fake news. This paper considers the impact of the latter on the former, particularly in circumstances where the sharer either does not know or does not suspect that the news they are sharing is fake. This distinction is important because while sharing information and news may be construed as a social good, sharing news that turns out to be fake might negatively impact relationships. How do people react when the news they have shared with the intention of fostering social cohesion turns out to be fake, and as a result damages that cohesion? Based on 12 focus groups, this study examines how social media users react to fake news and how it affects interpersonal relationships between sender and receiver.
People often recruit social resources to manage their emotions, a phenomenon known as interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). Despite its importance, IER's psychological structure remains poorly ...understood. We propose that two key dimensions describe IER: (a) individuals' tendency to pursue IER in response to emotional events, and (b) the efficacy with which they perceive IER improves their emotional lives. To probe these dimensions, we developed the Interpersonal Regulation Questionnaire (IRQ), a valid and reliable measure of individual differences in IER. Factor analyses of participants' responses confirmed tendency and efficacy as independent dimensions of IER (Study 1; N = 285), and demonstrated independence between how individuals engage with IER in response to negative, versus positive, emotion. In Study 2 (N = 347), we found that individuals high in IER tendency and efficacy are more emotionally expressive, empathetic, and socially connected. Two subsequent studies highlighted behavioral consequences of IER dimensions: people high in IER tendency sought out others more often following experimentally induced emotion (Study 3; N = 400), and individuals high in IER efficacy benefitted more from social support after real-world emotional events (Study 4; N = 787). Finally, a field study of social networks in freshman dormitories revealed that individuals high in IER tendency and efficacy developed more supportive relationships during the first year of college (Study 5; N = 193). These data (a) identify distinct dimensions underlying IER, (b) demonstrate that these dimensions can be stably measured and separated from related constructs, and (c) reveal their implications for relationships and well-being.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
Aim: To evaluate the influence of malocclusion on interpersonal relationships among adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out with 360 students. Photographs of male ...and female mouth with malocclusions were manipulated and superimposed on the smile images of two individuals of both genders with normal occlusion (corresponding to the control group, GC) respectively, for assembly of 4 malocclusions: (1) anterior open bite, ( 2) anterior crossbite (3) dental crowding , and (4) Class II, in this order. These images were provided to the participants, who evaluated them through a questionnaire. Results: The less attractive malocclusion was dental crowding. For both flirting and maintaining a serious relationship the previous open bite was the most rejected, with Class II being the most acceptable. Conclusion: For adolescents, dental crowding is the most appropriate malocclusion to be corrected orthodontically. Malocclusions negatively influence the development of interpersonal relationships among adolescents.KEYWORDSAdolescent; Malocclusion; Interpersonal relationships.
PDF
