Augmented reality (AR) applications add a new dimension to the consumer experience by overlaying the consumer’s face or surroundings with virtual products. The aim of this study was to examine three ...underlying processes (spatial presence, perceived personalization, and perceived intrusiveness) that could explain the persuasiveness of AR apps. In two experiments, we compared an AR app to a non-AR app. Study 1 used an app that augmented the user’s face with virtual products (make-up), while Study 2 used an app that showed virtual products within one’s surroundings (furniture). The results showed that spatial presence and perceived personalization can explain positive persuasive responses towards AR apps. For the app that augmented the user’s face with virtual products, perceived personalization enhanced purchase intentions, while perceived intrusiveness had negative persuasive consequences. For the app that showed virtual products in one’s surroundings, spatial presence enhanced purchase intentions, and no negative persuasive consequences were found.
The present study is a mixed-methods exploratory study aiming to understand the lived experiences of females with phenylketonuria (PKU) in managing their health. The study aims to identify what ...individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors serve as facilitators and inhibitors, and how PKU intrudes on different realms of health.
Attendees of Emory's Metabolic Camp and female users of Medical Nutrition Therapy for Prevention (MNT4P) were recruited. Participants were administered the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale (IIRS) survey and qualitatively interviewed. The IIRS survey was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the interviews were coded and assessed using inductive and deductive analysis.
In total, 25 participants were included in analysis (adults, n = 20; adolescents, n = 5). In the IIRS survey, diet had the highest average impact score of 5.74 (SD = 2.05) and religious expression had the lowest average impact score of 1.74 (SD = 1.65). The most salient themes that arose from the qualitative interviews were related to concerns of pregnancy (n = 25), interactions with health care providers relative to PKU care (n = 23) and independent of PKU care (n = 21), social support (n = 21) and isolation (n = 12), financial issues (n = 22), and illness intrusiveness on general health management (n = 22).
Adolescent and adult female participants with PKU identified significant concerns in individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors affecting the management of their health. Additionally, the illness intrusiveness of PKU impacted their physical, mental, and gynecological health. Future research should further assess the unique challenges faced by females with PKU and potential interventions to better address these barriers.
This research investigates whether interactivity of home voice assistants can reduce the consumer's perceptions of intrusiveness when using these products because of their autonomy. To do so, the ...authors applied structural equation modeling to 607 questionnaires. The results show that autonomy has a quadratic effect on intrusiveness and usefulness, being more intense for high levels of autonomy. Interactivity reduces intrusiveness both directly and indirectly through brand trust, and interactivity has a positive effect on usefulness. Furthermore, interactivity moderates the effect of autonomy on intrusiveness. These results lead to interesting managerial implications, such as the inclusion of interactive characteristics in smart products to enable consumers to control and communicate with them.
•The level of autonomy shows a non-linear positive effect on intrusiveness and usefulness.•Intrusiveness shows a negative and direct effect on usefulness.•Perceived interactivity directly and indirectly effects intrusiveness via brand trust.•Perceived interactivity moderates the positive effect of autonomy on intrusiveness.•High perceived interactivity leads to a U-shaped effect of autonomy on intrusiveness.
Smart service systems – that is, configurations of smart products and service providers that deliver smart services – are striving to increase the smartness of their offering, but potential ...consequences for customer well-being are largely overlooked. Therefore, this research investigates the impact of smartness on customer well-being (here, self-efficacy and technology anxiety) through (1) customer engagement with different smart service system actors (here, smart products and service providers) and (2) customer perceptions (here, personalization and intrusiveness perceptions) and their associated importance (here, need for personalization and intrusiveness sensitivity). A scenario-based experiment (n = 730) – which is preceded by a systematic review to conceptualize smartness – shows that customers perceive more personalization than intrusiveness in case of higher levels of smartness, resulting in customer engagement with the smart product and to some extent with the service provider. Via customer engagement with the smart product, higher levels of smartness stimulate self-efficacy, especially for customers with a high need for personalization. When customers' need for personalization is high and their intrusiveness sensitivity is low, higher levels of smartness also reduce technology anxiety via customer engagement with the smart product. Hence, the conclusion is: “The smarter, the better!”, whereby the relationship between smartness and well-being (here, self-efficacy and technological anxiety) is significantly influenced by customer heterogeneity. These findings help business practitioners in boosting customer well-being by increasing customer engagement through higher levels of smartness of their service system.
•Higher levels of smartness improve customer well-being through customer engagement.•Customers perceive more personalization than intrusiveness when smartness increases.•Personalization and intrusiveness affect engagement with smart service system actors.•Customer engagement with smart products boosts customer well-being.•Smartness–well-being relationship is subject to customer heterogeneity.
Youth use a variety of digital tools to initiate, develop, and maintain a dating relationship. By doing so, youth become more accessible and vulnerable to interpersonal intrusiveness, which can ...promote certain forms of victimization, such as Cyber Dating Abuse (CDA). The present study provides a systematic review aimed to identify the studies that have been developed on youth CDA, describing their methodology, main objectives and findings, as well the constructs used. We identified 44 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Research on CDA has less than a decade and has mainly been developed in North America. Studies focused on the prevalence rates, the relation between CDA and other variables, and on developing and validating measures. Prevalence rates were variable, which was mainly due to the different methodological characteristics of the studies, such as the measure, participants' demographics, and the time lag of assessment. Nine tools were validated with, in general, diverse factor solutions. CDA was related to a wide range of individual variables and others types of interpersonal violence (e.g., offline dating violence, cyberbullying), but it is unknown if these variables are risk factors or consequences of CDA, since the majority of the studies used cross-sectional designs.
•With this systematic review, we were able to identified 44 studies of youth CDA.•Studies analyzed prevalence, related factors, and validated assessment tools of CDA.•Prevalence rates of youth CDA varied greatly, as well as the constructs and methods.•Youth CDA was related to a wide range of individual variables.•Youth CDA was related to others types of interpersonal violence.
Applying psychological reactance theory (PRT) as a theoretical framework, this study investigates reactance-related factors to better understand why consumers avoid advertising on Facebook. An online ...survey was conducted to develop and empirically test a conceptual model that integrates the antecedents and outcomes of reactance against Facebook newsfeed ads. Specifically, the study employs Facebook users' perceptions of autonomy, freedom threat, and intrusiveness as antecedents of reactance and measures two sub-constructs of reactance: negative cognitions and anger. As the outcomes of reactance, two types of ad avoidance are examined: cognitive and behavioral. The major findings reveal that users’ perceived autonomy decreases their perceptions of ad intrusiveness. Subsequently, ad intrusiveness and freedom threat to use Facebook have a positive effect on reactance, which influences ad avoidance. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.
•Using psychological reactance theory, we examine why Facebook users avoid ads.•We test a model that integrates antecedents and outcomes of reactance against ads.•Users' perception of autonomy to control ad exposure decreases ad intrusiveness.•Ad intrusiveness and freedom threat to use Facebook affect reactance positively.•Psychological reactance influences cognitive and behavioral ad avoidance on Facebook.
We study the effect of perceived personalization in advertising on social networking sites (SNSs) on consumer brand responses. In study 1 (N = 202), we test a parallel mediation via perceived ...personal relevance and intrusiveness on brand attitude (Ab) and click intention (CI). Perceived personalization improves Ab and CI by increasing the perceived personal relevance and, unexpectedly, by decreasing the perceived intrusiveness of the ad. Study 2 (N = 264) extends the processing mechanism of personalized advertising by additionally including the mediating effects of self-brand connection and reactance toward the ad. Perceived personalization has a positive indirect effect on self-brand connection via perceived personal relevance, but not via perceived intrusiveness. Self-brand connection, in turn, has a positive effect on consumers' responses. Contrary to expectations, reactance does not significantly affect brand responses. Study 2 also examines the moderating role of perceived privacy protection by the SNS. Higher levels of perceived privacy protection by the SNS do not strengthen the indirect effects of perceived personalization.
This study examined the independent and mediated associations between maternal depression symptoms (MDS), mother-child interaction, and child executive function (EF) in a prospective longitudinal ...sample of 1,037 children (50% boys) from predominantly low-income and rural communities. When children were 6, 15 and 24 months of age, mothers reported their level of depressive symptomatology. At 24 and 36 months of age, mother-child interactions during play were rated for warmth-sensitivity and harsh-intrusiveness, and dyadic joint attention and maternal language complexity were assessed from a book sharing activity. Children's EF (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, and set shifting) were assessed at ages 36 and 48 months using a battery of six tasks. Results indicated that MDS at ages 15 and 24 months were negatively associated with children's EF at age 48 months. Additionally, harsh-intrusive mother-child interactions partially mediated this link. Although warmth-sensitivity, dyadic joint attention and maternal language complexity were all longitudinally related to EF, they did not serve as mediating mechanisms between MDS and EF. These results were obtained while controlling for multiple demographic factors, children's earlier cognitive abilities, maternal general distress and childcare experiences. Findings from this study identify 1 mechanism through which early exposure to MDS could be related to children's EF.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
The normative developmental course of inhibitory control between 2.5 and 6.5 years, and associations with maternal and paternal sensitivity and intrusiveness were tested. The sample consisted of 383 ...children (52.5% boys). During four annual waves, mothers and fathers reported on their children’s inhibitory control using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. During the first wave, mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and intrusiveness were observed and coded with the Emotional Availability Scales. Inhibitory control exhibited partial scalar invariance over time, and increased in a decelerating rate. For both mothers and fathers, higher levels of sensitivity were associated with a higher initial level of children's inhibitory control, whereas higher levels of intrusiveness predicted a slower increase in children's inhibitory control.
Abstract Objective Illness intrusiveness is a common, underlying determinant of quality of life in people affected by chronic disease. Illness intrusiveness results from disease- and ...treatment-induced disruptions to lifestyles, activities, and interests (i.e., interference with psychologically meaningful activity). This paper introduces the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale (IIRS), a 13-item, self-report instrument. The IIRS can be scored to generate a total score or three subscale scores: relationships and personal development, intimacy, and instrumental. In addition to describing the IIRS, the paper presents the theoretical framework in which it is anchored, reviews the evidence, and reports psychometric properties. Methods Qualitative literature review. Results Findings support the IIRS's reliability (internal consistency and test–retest), validity (construct, criterion-related, and discriminant), sensitivity to change, and factorial invariance across numerous chronic-disease groups. The paper reports IIRS reliability coefficients and normative statistics for 36 chronic, medical and psychiatric patient populations. Conclusion The IIRS taps the extent to which disease- and treatment-related factors interfere with psychologically meaningful activity among people affected by chronic disease. It provides a valid, reliable measure that is easy to administer and unequivocally interpretable rendering it suitable for research designed to estimate the psychosocial impact of chronic disease and to document (and compare) the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
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