Over 750 studies have examined parental psychological control (PPC) in different cultures. However, the conceptualization of PPC remains unclear, and operationalizations of PPC have been ...inconsistent. Herein we review and refine conceptual models of PPC, focusing on intrusiveness and emotional manipulation as two core facets of PPC. Guided by the Social Domain Theory, we relate intrusiveness to the boundaries of the child’s personal domain, which can vary by culture and age group. We describe how our conceptual model of PPC can clarify the disagreement in the literature about whether PPC may be arguably less damaging in interdependent cultures than it is in independent cultures or not; operationalizing PPC as mainly emotional manipulation – inducing guilt – might have contributed to this argument, and testing PPC with both intrusiveness and emotional manipulation can show both universal and culture-specific consequences of PPC. We conclude with recommendations for applying our conceptual model in future studies.
ABSTRACT
Background:
Youth who experience IBD‐associated stigma may manifest increased worry about aversive symptoms that can intrude on their participation in routine activities (eg, school, social ...events), potentially resulting in limited opportunities for reinforcement and increased depressive symptoms. The present study examined an IBD stigma → IBD worry → illness intrusiveness → depressive symptoms serial mediation model, in which stigma was hypothesized to confer an indirect effect on youth depressive symptoms through the serial effects of stigma on IBD worry and illness intrusiveness.
Methods:
Youth with IBD (N = 90) between the ages of 10 and 18 years were recruited from a pediatric gastroenterology clinic and completed measures of IBD stigma, IBD worry, illness intrusiveness, and depressive symptoms.
Results:
In addition to several independent direct effects among the modeled variables, results revealed a significant IBD stigma → IBD worry → illness intrusiveness → depressive symptoms serial mediation path (effect = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.22 to 1.20), controlling for youth sex and IBD severity.
Conclusions:
The experience of IBD‐related stigma may prompt increased worry about IBD symptoms, independent of the influence of disease activity. Further, heightened worry appears to amplify youths’ experience of IBD‐imposed limitations on routine and rewarding activities, increasing their risk for experiencing depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of regular screening for depressive symptoms, as well as the identification of potential risk factors associated with emotional adjustment difficulties. Stigma‐specific treatment modules could be integrated within existing cognitive‐behavioral approaches for reducing worry and depressive symptoms in youth with IBD.
The Internet of Things (IoT) market is set to grow rapidly. Although IoT offers new opportunities, it nevertheless raises challenges. The objective of this research is to develop a better ...understanding of the reasons underlying consumer resistance to smart and connected products. To this end, a quantitative survey was carried out to understand resistance to smartwatch. Structural equation modelling was used to test the conceptual model. The findings show that perceived uselessness, perceived price, intrusiveness, perceived novelty and self-efficacy have an impact on consumer resistance to smart products. Moreover, privacy concerns have an effect on intrusiveness and dependence impacts privacy concerns. To our best knowledge, this is the first research studying smart products through a resistance approach.
We examined the effectiveness of the video-feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting-Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) in enhancing maternal sensitivity and decreasing maternal physical ...intrusive behaviors among Turkish mothers. Mothers (N = 68; M
age
= 29.29, SD = 5.20) with their children (M
age
= 20.04 months, SD = 6.62) participated in a randomized controlled trial with pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments (N
intervention
= 40, N
control
= 28). Maternal sensitivity was assessed using the Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale. A coding schema was developed and used to assess maternal physical intrusiveness. The results indicated that mothers in intervention group benefited from the VIPP-SD in both increasing their global sensitivity (d = 0.51, p =.016) and decreasing the frequency of physical intrusive behaviors (d = 0.56, p =.007) compared to mothers in the control group. Overall, the VIPP-SD program appears to decrease the level of physical intrusiveness, in addition to promoting maternal sensitivity among Turkish mothers.
The 1990s saw a systemic shift from the liberal post–World War II international order of liberal multilateralism (LIO I) to a post–Cold War international order of postnational liberalism (LIO II). ...LIO II has not been only rule-based but has openly pursued a liberal social purpose with a significant amount of authority beyond the nation-state. While postnational liberal institutions helped increase overall well-being globally, they were criticized for using double standards and institutionalizing state inequality. We argue that these institutional features of the postnational LIO II led to legitimation problems, which explain both the current wave of contestations and the strategies chosen by different contestants. We develop our argument first by mapping the growing liberal intrusiveness of international institutions. Second, we demonstrate the increased level and variety of contestations in international security and international refugee law. We show that increased liberal intrusiveness has led to a variety of contestation strategies, the choice of which is affected by the preference of a contestant regarding postnational liberalism and its power within the contested institution.
Personalization is prevalent in modern social media marketing strategies. However, the users of social media services may perceive that personalized content is intrusive. These two components may ...influence consumers’ purchase intention in social media personalization campaigns. Thus, this positivism empirical research proposes a theoretical framework named PI2 using the personalization-intrusiveness-intention, as well as a success measurement based upon privacy calculus theory for effective social media personalization campaigns. Further, we investigated digital mnemonics’ potential influences with emotion as social information theory and different degrees of product involvement together with the model. Based upon the analysis of a total of 800 social media users, the results indicated that personalization positively affected but intrusiveness negatively affected the purchase intention. Furthermore, personalization significantly affected purchase intention through intrusiveness and the interaction of personalization with digital mnemonics negatively influenced consumers’ purchase intention on high involvement ads. In the post-hoc analysis, the moderating effect of users’ demographic variables was found to have some influence on the PI2 framework. The findings of this research provide theoretical and managerial implications for researchers and field practitioners in social media personalization.
•A theoretical framework is proposed to evaluate personalized SNS ads.•Personalized SNS ads positively affect purchase intention.•Personalization significantly affects purchase intention through intrusiveness.•Digital mnemonics negatively affect purchase intention in high involvement ads.•Declaration of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Advertisers increasingly use personal information in social media advertisements as a strategy to promote positive brand attitudes. Personalized ads can be perceived as both positive and negative. ...This two-sided effect of personalization refers to the personalization paradox. An online experiment (N = 209), in which the level of personalization was manipulated in a Facebook setting, aimed to provide a potential explanation for this paradox. The findings showed that a highly personalized ad resulted in stronger perceived personalization than a less personalized ad. Furthermore, the stronger the perceived personalization, the stronger the relevance. The relevance of the ad positively influenced brand attitude and fully mediated the relationship between personalization and attitude. However, in line with the assumptions of the information boundary theory, the more the ad was perceived as intrusive, the weaker the relevance-attitude relationship, thereby showing a boundary condition for the effectiveness of personalized information when targeting consumers on Facebook.
As companies increasingly use social media as the platform for promoting their products and services, it is critical for consumers to be receptive to social media advertising (SMA). However, ...consumers may feel invaded when viewing SMA. The literature on advertising invasiveness has focused primarily on consumers’ attention invasiveness (i.e., the interruption of their attention). We argue that such a focus is limited, and we propose space invasiveness as an additional dimension for understanding advertising invasiveness in social media. Data were collected from Chinese consumers, and the results show that space invasiveness had a stronger effect than attention invasiveness did on advertising irritation, and that irritation in turn led to advertising avoidance. Furthermore, psychological ownership moderated the relationship between social influence and space invasiveness. This study provides important guidelines for practitioners to reduce advertising avoidance in social media.
Objective
Intrusive thoughts are characterized by a sense of intrusiveness of foreign entry into cognition. While not always consisting of negative content, intrusive thoughts are almost solely ...investigated in that context. Involuntary Musical Imagery (INMI) offers a promising alternative, as it is a type of involuntary cognition that can be used to evaluate intrusiveness without negative content.
Methods
In Study 1, 200 participants completed self‐report questionnaires to assess several aspects of intrusiveness: meta‐awareness, control, repetitiveness, frequency, and subjective experience of INMI. In Study 2, 203 participants completed self‐report questionnaires to explore the clinical characteristics (depression, stress, anxiety, and rumination) which might mediate the connection between INMI frequency and INMI negative experience.
Results
Study 1 revealed, through exploratory factor analysis, that intrusiveness shares variance with the negative experience of INMI but not with INMI frequency. In Study 2, ruminative thinking was found to mediate the relationship between frequent INMI and the negative experience of INMI.
Conclusion
These results suggest that INMI might be used to investigate intrusiveness in the lab without the potential confound of negative emotions. In addition, the results suggest that neither the content nor the frequency of intrusive thoughts can solely explain why these thoughts are aversive to some but not others. Ruminative style might be the missing link to explain how and why these intrusive thoughts become aversive and obsessive. In other words, we suggest that the cause for intrusiveness lies not in the thought or repetitiveness, but in the thinker.
This article argues that advertising ethics, traditionally focused on ad contents and vulnerable audiences, should be also applied to ad format intrusiveness. The increasing appearance of highly ...intrusive advertising formats resulted in an extraordinarily growth of ad blocking systems. To fight the economic costs of the ad blocker phenomenon, the most relevant agents of the industry have created a never seen Coalition for Better Ads including marketers, publishers, and agencies worldwide. This article analyses the experiments carried out by the Coalition to create Better Ads Standards establishing the limits of ad format intrusiveness to be implemented worldwide by means of self-regulation. Based on classical and current approaches to advertising ethics, this work explains that highly annoying ads should not only be banned for practical reasons but for overpassing ethical limits in terms of respect for the persuadee, equity of the persuasive appeal, and social responsibility for the common good. A basic exploratory replication study is presented to simulate further research on the ethical limits of intrusive advertising. Establishing which ad formats are allowed to continue and which ones should gradually disappear is such a relevant process for many stakeholders that it requires further discussion by consumers and scholars.
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