Prior research suggests that attachment‐based interventions, including Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up (ABC), may be less effective at enhancing parenting quality among parents who self‐report ...having an insecure attachment style. The current study tested whether effects of ABC on parental behavior were moderated by categorical and dimensional measures of attachment obtained via Adult Attachment Interviews with 454 parents who were approximately 34 years old, primarily female, and predominantly White or African American. Parents randomized to ABC exhibited higher sensitivity and positive regard, and lower intrusiveness shortly after the intervention than parents randomized to the control intervention (|β|s = .10–.27). The effect of ABC on intrusiveness persisted 2 years later. Effects at either timepoint were not significantly moderated by parents' attachment representations.
The relation between maternal behavior and neurocognitive development is complex and may depend on the task context. We examined 5‐month‐old infant frontal electroencephalogram (EEG), maternal ...intrusiveness (MI) evaluated during two play contexts at 5 and 10 months, and a battery of executive function (EF) tasks completed at 48 months to evaluate if MI during infancy and infant neural function interacted to predict later cognition. Infant frontal EEG was a predictor of 4‐year EF. MI during structured play at both 5 and 10 months predicted preschool EF, and MI during unstructured did not have a main effect on EF but showed a potential moderating effect of infant EEG on later EF. The pattern changed between ages, with MI during structured play at 5 months showing a positive association with age 4 EF, whereas MI during structured play at 10 months had a negative association with age 4 EF. We demonstrate differences in the context of maternal behavior used to predict childhood EF, highlighting the importance of considering parenting context in EF development.
Highlights
The context of maternal behavior is important for its longitudinal implications on cognitive development.
Level of maternal intrusiveness and infant frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) power predicted preschool executive function in different patterns depending on mother–infant interaction context.
The associations between maternal intrusiveness and executive function depended on the task context, age at interaction, and neural function of infants.
Shorter telomeres mark cellular aging and are linked to chronic stress exposure as well as negative physical and psychological outcomes. However, it is unclear whether telomere length mediates ...associations between early stress exposure and later externalizing problems, or whether boys and girls differ in pathways to these concerns. We therefore examined associations between telomere length, early stress via negative caregiving, and children’s externalizing symptom development over time in 409 three-year-old children and their parents. Telomere length mediated the association between early parental intrusiveness and later rule-breaking behavior; however, this association was moderated by children’s biological sex such that parent intrusiveness was related only to boys’ rule-breaking. Findings support the notion that children’s telomere length may mark individual differences in responses to negative early caregiving, and highlight a potential mechanism contributing to the development of rule-breaking problems in boys.
A non-intrusive proper generalized decomposition (PGD) strategy, coupled with an overlapping domain decomposition (DD) method, is proposed to efficiently construct surrogate models of parametric ...linear elliptic problems. A parametric multi-domain formulation is presented, with local subproblems featuring arbitrary Dirichlet interface conditions represented through the traces of the finite element functions used for spatial discretization at the subdomain level, with no need for additional auxiliary basis functions. The linearity of the operator is exploited to devise low-dimensional problems with only few active boundary parameters. An overlapping Schwarz method is used to glue the local surrogate models, solving a linear system for the nodal values of the parametric solution at the interfaces, without introducing Lagrange multipliers to enforce the continuity in the overlapping region. The proposed DD-PGD methodology relies on a fully algebraic formulation allowing for real-time computation based on the efficient interpolation of the local surrogate models in the parametric space, with no additional problems to be solved during the execution of the Schwarz algorithm. Numerical results for parametric diffusion and convection–diffusion problems are presented to showcase the accuracy of the DD-PGD approach, its robustness in different regimes and its superior performance with respect to standard high-fidelity DD methods.
In industrialised countries, emissions from fossil-fuelled vehicles show little sign of abatement, with citizens' opposition to policy interventions arguably the key reason. To better understand the ...sources of public opinion towards particular types of policy instruments designed to reduce vehicle emissions, we focus on the perceived consequences of such instruments, notably the extent to which they are regarded as effective, fair, and unintrusive. Switzerland is the empirical focus because it lags behind neighbouring European countries. We assess public support for seven policy instruments, identified by existing literature and expert interviews. A survey-embedded experiment with a representative sample of 2,034 citizens provides support for the argument that policy instruments perceived as effective, fair, and unintrusive achieve higher levels of public support. These results may help policymakers design interventions that strike a balance between political feasibility and problem-solving effectiveness.
Brands and social media platforms are two main players in online behavioral advertising (OBA), but the extant literature overlooks the interaction between them. Although advertising brands invest ...considerable resources to target potential consumers through social media advertising, our analysis indicates that publisher‐platform‐related activities can elicit negative consequences. Thus, we examined the role of perceived ad complicity, that is, consumers' perception regarding advertisers partnering with the social media platforms in the OBA process. We used perceived ad complicity as a moderator to explain the variation in consumers' negative responses to OBA in a social media context. Our results indicate that consumers with high perceived ad complicity experience greater perceived ad intrusiveness. This effect directly impacts their attitudes toward publisher platforms and advertising brands but consumers react more negatively toward brands (vs. publisher platforms) regarding this practice. Furthermore, we found that consumers who are more sensitive to social norms experience stronger perceived ad complicity and that informing consumers about why they are seeing specific ads on their social media platforms does not change their views on ad complicity.
Youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and their parents are at increased risk for psychological adjustment difficulties, potentially due to the uncertain and intrusive nature of IBD. However, ...empirical investigations have yet to assess the contribution of these unique disease features to adjustment outcomes. Our aim was to examine: 1) the influence of youth and parent perceptions of illness uncertainty and illness intrusiveness on youth adjustment; and 2) examine the influence of youth and parent perceived uncertainty and intrusiveness on parent adjustment. Youth with IBD (
N
= 107) and their primary caregiver completed measures of
illness uncertainty
,
illness intrusiveness,
and
psychological adjustment
. Results revealed that youth illness uncertainty was more closely associated with youth depressive symptoms than was youth perceived intrusiveness. Further, youth illness perceptions were more closely associated with youth depressive symptoms compared to parent perceptions; however, results also suggested that parent illness perceptions may indirectly impact youth adjustment through their influence on youth illness perceptions. Finally, parent illness intrusiveness demonstrated a more robust association with parent adjustment compared to parent illness uncertainty, and both youth and parent illness intrusiveness were independently related to parent adjustment. Findings highlighted the transactional nature of adjustment in pediatric IBD and the importance of examining clinically relevant youth and parent subjective illness perceptions, like uncertainty and intrusiveness, in investigations of youth and parent adjustment outcomes in this population.
This study develops a conceptual framework of advertising intrusiveness that extends previous research on the topic by examining both drivers and consequences. To achieve this, the work draws on ...in-depth interviews with 29 adult consumers who report experiencing intrusive advertising in their daily lives. Three drivers of advertising intrusiveness are identified - temporal disruption, visual disruption and flow disruption - along with three consequences - emotional response, behavioural response and cognitive response. From these drivers and consequences, a conceptual framework of advertising intrusiveness is developed based on ideas about psychological reactance. Based on this framework it is proposed that, while all advertisements might ultimately be perceived as intrusive, an advertisement's characteristics, which are the identified subcomponents of the drivers of intrusiveness, exacerbate the resultant consequences.
The present study focused on the quality of parenting behaviors (sensitivity and intrusiveness), its associations with children's levels of oxytocin (OXT), and with children's behavioral problems in ...the preschool context. Thirty nuclear families, including both parents and one focal child, and their preschool teachers participated in the study. Salivary OXT was collected (during two separate home visits) from children after a play task with each parent. Sensitivity and intrusiveness were coded based on the videotapes of these dyadic play interactions. Preschool teachers reported children’s behavioral problems using the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form. Salivary OXT was collected by passive drooling, and quantified by radioimmunoassay, after extraction. Results show that only fathers’ sensitivity and intrusiveness were significantly correlated with children’s OXT concentrations. Both mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity were negatively correlated with children’s internalizing problems. Mothers’ intrusiveness was positively correlated with children’s externalizing problems, and fathers’ intrusiveness with children’s internalizing problems.
The developmental trajectories of maladaptive perfectionism, along with their consequences and origins, were examined in middle childhood. A sample of Singaporean children and their parents (N = 302) ...were recruited for a longitudinal study when the children were 7 years old. Subsequent follow‐up assessments were made at ages 8, 9, and 11. A multimethod approach was adopted where parent reports, child reports, and observational data on a dyadic interaction task were obtained. Using latent class growth modeling, four distinct classes were obtained for critical self‐oriented perfectionism (SOP‐C), whereas two classes emerged for socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP). Children with high and/or increasing SOP‐C and SPP trajectories constituted 60% and 78% of the sample, respectively. For both SOP‐C and SPP, trajectories with high initial status were associated with higher internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Parental intrusiveness and negative parenting predicted high and/or increasing SOP‐C trajectories, whereas the child temperament dimension of surgency predicted high SPP trajectory. Both SOP‐C and SPP trajectories tended to co‐occur, suggesting a mutually reinforcing process. This study yields important findings that help advance current understanding of the emergence and developmental pathways of maladaptive perfectionism in children.
PDF
