V prispevku podajamo diahroni prikaz rabe izbranih romanizmov, ki jih je v vasi Pomjan v slovenskem delu Istre leta 1957 zapisal dialektolog Tine Logar. Romanizme, zapisane pred petinšestdesetimi ...leti, smo primerjali s tistimi, ki smo jih slišali od današnjih narečnih govorcev, pri čemer smo se oprli na naše v tem kraju opravljene dialektološke raziskave. V dvajsetih etimoloških člankih raziskujemo, ali prebivalci romanizme, ki so jih v vasi uporabljali pred več kot šestdesetimi leti, še danes poznajo in uporabljajo. Obenem prikazujemo razširjenost teh besed v drugih krajih slovenske Istre in jih povezujemo z njihovim izvorom, ki je pretežno istrskobeneški – obstoj izraza preverjamo tudi v tržaški italijanščini, benečanščini in italijanskem knjižnem jeziku. Etimološke članke zaključujemo z navedbo zadnjega vira besede. Diahrona analiza besedja je pokazala, da so narečni govorci večino romanizmov že nadomestili z novejšimi narečnimi izrazi.
Članek obravnava interpretacijo odlomka v Pesmi o Igorjevem pohodu, znameniti anonimni srednjeveški epski pesmi. Obravnavani odlomek je avtorjev nagovor Vsevolodu Jurijeviču, vojaško močnemu velikemu ...vladimirskemu knezu. Podoba Vsevoloda je pretirana. Podobno kot starodavnim perzijskim kraljem mu pripisujejo sposobnost kaznovanja rek Volge in Don, ki so jih takrat zasedli Polovci. Istočasno se uporabljata imeni sužnja (chaga) in sužnej (koshchey), ki sta najverjetneje iranskega izvora. Severnoiranski mit prikazuje tudi Vsevolodove vazale, sinove kneza Gleba Rostislaviča Rjazanskega, žive puščice (šereširjem) za ogromno balisto (tir-i-charkh), ki se uporablja na vzhodu. Vzporednice s to podobo je mogoče zaslediti v nartskem epu o Osetih, kjer neranljivi Nart Batraz deluje kot puščica iz takšnega orožja.
Image of Japan among Slovenes SHIGEMORI BUČAR, Chikako
Acta linguistica asiatica,
01/2019, Volume:
9, Issue:
1
Journal Article
This paper presents the process and mechanism of borrowing from Japanese into Slovene. Japan and Slovenia are geographically and culturally quite distant, and the two languages are genealogically ...not related. Between such two languages, not many borrowings are expected, but there is a certain amount of borrowed words of Japanese origin in today's Slovene. The focus of this paper is on the words of Japanese origin that are well integrated in today’s Slovene. Firstly, the process of borrowing is analysed: there are three main phases for successful borrowing from Japanese into Slovene, but during the process, some obstacles may hinder the completion of this process, so that further creative use of some borrowed words in the Slovene environment cannot be expected. The second part of this paper will closely look at the loanwords of Japanese origin which are already recorded as headwords in today’s dictionaries of Slovene. The loanwords are analysed in relation to the borrowing process and adjustments, their semantic fields, and wherever possible, their diachronic changes in use, and other specifics. At the end, the image of Japan seen through the borrowing process and consolidated loanwords is summarized, and possible development of borrowing in the near future is predicted.
V Alasijevi glosi sacne se ohranja v množinski obliki moškega spola zabeležen zahodnoslovenski krščanski termin *žaken (m.), ge. *-kna 'diakon', ki tako kot hrv. žäkan (m.), gen. -kna, tudi žàkan, ...ge. -kna, predstavlja zgodnji južnoslovanski romanizem z izhodiščem v lat. diaconus.
V prispevku bodo osvetljena uredniška merila do prevzemanja besed v Pleteršnikovem slovarju, kakor se izkazujejo v jezikovnih oznakah in v številskem razmerju med posameznimi skupinami jezikov. ...Posebej bosta ugotovljeni navedba, številsko razmerje in razčlenjena raba izposojenk iz nemškega jezika na omjenem gradivu (črke b, j, ž), ki jih je Pleteršnik navajal v slovarju kljub tedanjemu splošnemu odklonilnemu odnosu do prevzetih besed germanskega izvora. Raba iztočnic z nemško jezikovno oznako bo primerjana tudi s Trubarjevimi germanizmi iz Katekizma 1550, navedenimi v raypravi J. Toporišiča o besednih germanizmih v Trubarjevem Cathechismusu.
The article presents the linguistic criteria that allow loanwords to be grouped into two sub-groups, i.e., into foreignisms & borrowings. The exact distinction is necessary particularly for practical ...reasons, as only an accurate comprehension of the terms foreignism & borrowing can pave the way for the compilation of a good dictionary of foreignisms. References. Adapted from the source document
The paper represents the main part of an extensive research into Slovene words borrowed from Latin. Although limited to Latin loan-words occurring in the spoken language of the younger generation, ...the research has revealed the general tendencies of adopting Latin linguistic elements into Slovene. At the primary level, the nouns used as research material are divided on the basis of their gender in Slovene. These groups are further subdivided by the gender of the original Latin nouns, and by their Latin suffixes as rendered in Slovene. A notable observation is that all neuter Latin nouns in the singular change their gender to masculine when borrowed into Slovene, whereas the other nouns retain theirs with equal consistency. The majority of examples addressed in this study attest to the considerable linguistic ability of borrowers from Latin into Slovene, so that the rare loan-words which defy expectations come as a surprise. Most of them are feminine nouns with the Latin suffixes -ntia, -io and -tas. The research into the abovementioned noun groups reveals that the process of borrowing linguistic elements from Latin into Slovene did not occur in isolation. On the contrary, it was influenced by several European languages, notably by French and German.
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