In the second half of the previous century, analysis of deformations became a highly interesting subject of research and practical application in industry. The presented approach was developed in ...British Columbia, Canada, for the determination of potential deformations on several dams and landslide areas. Original measurements were obtained via standard surveying observation of distances and directions for horizontal positioning, and elevation differences for vertical positioning. GPS vectors were added some years later. The geodetic measurements of several epochs were adjusted with the parametric model of the method of least squares with minimum datum constraints. The deformation analysis was made with the successive application of the Helmert transformation.
V prispevku je predstavljen predlog za novo oštevilčevanje nivelmanskih poligonov in reperjev. Obravnavana je tudi analiza natančnosti izmerjenih višinskih razlik, opravljena na podlagi odstopanj ...obojestransko merjenih višinskih razlik in odstopanj pri zapiranju nivelmanskih zank. Na podlagi izravnave nivelmanske mreže in nivelmanskih poligonov je analizirana tudi natančnost na podlagi popravkov merjenih višinskih razlik in izvedena ocena natančnosti določitve nadmorske višine reperjev ; This paper presents a proposal for a new numbering of levelling polygons and benchmarks. Furthermore, an accuracy analysis is done with regard to: measured height differences, residuals calculated from differences of the forward and backward runs, residuals from loop closures, and results from network adjustments.
V prispevku so obravnavane aktivnosti geodezije za potrebe določitve premikov zemeljske skorje, lokalnih premikov zemeljske površine ter premikov in deformacij grajenih objektov. Določitev premikov v ...terestrični horizontalni mreži, terestrični višinski mreži in mrežiGNSS obravnavamo na dveh stopnjah natančnosti. Dejavnosti geodezije v geotehniki so razložene v besedilu prispevka in nazorno prikazane v preglednici. Pričujoči prispevek je skupaj s prispevkom Geodezija vgeotehniki, objavljenim v Geodetskem vestniku 54(1), zaokrožena celota. ; This paper deals with surveying activities in order to define the displacement of the Earth’s crust, local displacements of the Earth’s surface, and the displacement and deformation of constructed buildings. The determinations of horizontal movements in the terrestrial network, in the terrestrial altitude network and in the GNSS network are dealt with at two levels of accuracy. Geotechnical surveying activities are explained in the paper and demonstrated in the table. The paper Geodesy in geotechnics, publishedin Geodetski vestnik 54(1), and this paper present an integral whole.
SI: V prispevku je predstavljen postopek izračuna vrednosti težnega pospeška na točkah nove osnovne gravimetrične mreže Slovenije. Gravimetrična opazovanja so bila opravljena leta 2006 z ...dvemarelativnima gravimetroma Scintrex CG-3M. Prikazani so postopki, ki so bili uporabljeni pri obdelavi merskih vrednosti. Sama izravnava opazovanj v gravimetrični mreži je bila izvedena v dveh fazah. V prvi fazi so opazovanja v mreži 0. reda izravnana po načelu prostemreže, v drugi fazi je bila opravljena klasična izravnava v mreži 1. reda. Podane so končne vrednosti težnih pospeškov na točkah gravimetrične mreže. Izvedena je tudi analiza rezultatov glede na stari potsdamski sistem, v katerem so bili opravljeni vsi predhodniizračuni gravimetričnih meritev v Sloveniji. Na podlagi teh analiz je določena enačba za transformacijo težnih pospeškov med potsdamskim sistemom in sistemom IGSN71(International Gravity Standardization Network 1971). Nova osnovna gravimetrična mrežaSlovenije je kakovostna podlaga za vse nadaljnje potrebe, ki so povezane s poznavanjem težnega pospeška na območju Slovenije.EN: The paper presents the determination of gravity values on stations of the new gravity network of Slovenia. The measurements were performed in autumn 2006. The procedures comprise the computation of reductions of gravity observations and several phases of adjustment. In the first step the zero order gravity network wasadjusted with subsequent adjustment of the complete gravity network, where absolute points were held as fixed points. The adjusted gravity values on some points were compared to gravity values referring to Potsdam Gravity System and transformation equationwas determined (Potsdam into IGSN71). It could be stated that the new Slovenian gravity network provides a solid basis for all further gravimetric surveys in Slovenia.
This article describes the geodetic monitoring of the impact that the tunnel excavations have on the rock mass of the tunnel face in Šentvid tunnel. In the preliminary phase. an exploratory gallery ...was built almost along the main tunnel axis to collect geological, tectonic zone and other relevant data. The exploratory gallery is now being used for geodetic and other monitoring of the impact of tunnel excavations on the surrounding rock mass. Before the beginning, methods of point and station point stabilization, and a measurement method was chosen. Thus, the chosen method of 3D inner intersection with adjustment of redundant observation for station point determination, and the polar method for calculating 3D coordinates of detail points. The method of determination of station point was chosen because of far reaching influence that the tunnel excavations have on rock mass behaviour at the tunnel face.
In the article, the improvement of the levelling network of Slovenia is presented. Analyses of the state of benchmarks are made (number of benchmarks, applicability, art of stabilizations, time of ...benchmark stabilization). The analysis of the problems and deviations that have appeared in the levelling network is shown in detail. Described are also the procedures of the improvement, recent calculations and the condition of the levelling network after the calculation.
The article describes three methods of gross error detection and their localization in geodetic surveying. The prerequisite for any gross error detection procedure is the availability of a set of ...redundant observations. The global model test with Data Snooping is the most commonly used method for gross error detection, however, it assumes that the a priori precision of observations is reliably known. As alternatives, the τ test and the Danish method are presented. An example of gross error detection in a plane cross-braced quadrilateral is given for all three methods.
