Med inddragelse af historisk naturkatastrofeteori og en række primært demografiske data for 1830erne og 1840erne undersøger denne artikel, hvad der sker med en mindre by som Nibe, når den rammes af ...en udefrakommende ulykke som svigtende fiskeri, hvor byens absolutte hovedindtægtskilde forsvinder fra et år til det næste, som det skete i 1829-1830. Nibe viser sig at være resilient som købstad, samtidig med at byen husede sårbare individer, der for mange vedkommende flyttede bort. Datidens nibenitter så selv sildens forsvinden som en katastrofe, og denne artikel udgør et første forsøg på at forstå, hvordan et mindre fiskerisamfund reagerer ved hjælp af tilpasning såvel som imødegåelse af den katastrofe, at deres primære marine ressource forsvinder. De fundne migrationsmønstre peger på, at migranterne primært flyttede til Aalborg og til det øvre Nørrejylland, mens migranter med fiskerirelaterede erhverv flyttede væsentligt længere væk.
Šumski požari predstavljaju ozbiljnu sigurnosnu prijetnju jer ugrožavaju ljudske živote, štetno utječu na okoliš te uzrokuju materijalnu štetu. Ovim radom istražila se percepcija uzroka i posljedica ...šumskih požara u Hrvatskoj te potencijalna rješenja za njihovo sprječavanje. Isto tako, istražilo se postoji li razlika u percepciji ovih pitanja između stručnjaka koji su profesionalno vezani uz šume i šumske požare, i nestručnjaka, odnosno, osoba koje posjećuju šume rekreativno. Anketa je bila postavljena na internetu te je bila dostupna potencijalnim ispitanicima u razdoblju od lipnja do listopada 2023. godine. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćen prosudbeni uzorak od 119 ispitanika, koji se sastojao od 79 stručnjaka i 40 nestručnjaka. Analiza dobivenih odgovora provedena je pomoću hi-kvadrat testa te Mann-Whitney U testa. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se za većinu požara odgovornima smatraju ljudi i njihove aktivnosti, posebice osobe koje namjerno podmeću požare. Kao najteže materijalne posljedice šumskih požara ispitanici navode troškove obnove infrastrukture, javne imovine i industrije te krajolika nakon požara. Ispitanici smatraju da se šumski požari najdjelotvornije mogu spriječiti boljom edukacijom, boljim nadzorom šuma te strožim kaznama za osobe koje namjerno podmeću požare. Istraživanjem je također utvrđeno da kod većine pitanja ne postoje statistički značajne razlike između stručnjaka i nestručnjaka u percepciji uzroka i posljedica šumskih požara.
Forest fires pose a serious safety risk as they endanger human lives, damage the environment and cause material damage. Considering the significant share of forests in the total area of Croatia, fire safety is of particular interest to the Republic of Croatia. Although media and public interest in forest fires increases during the summer, probably because most fires break out in the wider coastal region, which is the most tourism-intensive part of Croatia, the causes of forest fires in Croatia are still insufficiently studied. The aim of this paper is to explore how the causes and consequences of forest fires are perceived and what solutions can be considered for their prevention. It is also analysed whether there is a difference in the perception of these issues between experts and non-experts. Experts in this paper are people who are professionally involved with forests or forest fires, and non-experts are all other respondents who visit forests as a hobby and may have come into contact with forest fires without practicing their profession. The survey was published online and was available to potential respondents from June to October 2023. During this period, the responses were collected from 119 respondents: 79 respondents are professionally involved with forests or fires and form the group of experts in this study, and 40 respondents visit forests as a hobby and form the group of non-experts. The collected responses were analysed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. This study showed that for most questions, there are no statistically significant differences between experts and non-experts in their perception of the causes and consequences of forest fires. Non-experts rated the statement that sufficient measures are taken in Croatia to reduce the risk of forest fires at 2.97, and experts gave it a slightly higher rating, namely 3.18. Most respondents in both groups (55.00% of experts and 45.57% of non-experts) believe that deliberate ignition is the most important factor in the outbreak of forest fires. In the non-expert group, poor forest management and an increased number of visitors and tourists in the forests are the next most common cause (12.50%), while among the experts, the majority of respondents believe that burning of waste on agricultural land is responsible for the outbreak of fires (21.52%). Regarding forest visitors, non-experts indicated that forest fires have the most negative impact on hikers and mountaineers (47.50%) and campers (20%), while experts believe that forest fires have the most negative impact on hunters (40.51%) and hikers and mountaineers (35.44%). The respondents were also offered eight variables describing potential economic losses due to forest fires. Non-experts believe that the biggest economic losses are the costs of restoring infrastructure, public property, and industry after a fire. Experts believe that the costs directly related to forests are the greatest economic loss, such as the cost of restoring the landscape after a fire and the loss of income due to burned trees or delayed timber harvesting. No statistically significant differences were found between experts and non-experts in the questions on possible solutions for forest fires. Respondents from both groups believe that forest fires can be prevented most effectively through better monitoring of forests, stricter penalties for arsonists, and better education. Education should improve the lack of knowledge and awareness about forest fires and consequently lead to fewer fires. This research has shown that there is an interest in education about forest fires, but also that the information about education is not sufficiently disseminated. The answers obtained in this study can serve as a guide for stakeholders responsible for the design of the fire protection system and the structuring and design of future forest fire education.
Pakistan var allerede en nation i knæ, da store dele af landet i slutningen af juli 2010 blev ramt af de værste oversvømmelser i 80 år. Op mod 20 millioner mennesker blev berørt af ...katastrofen, der kostede knap 2000 mennesker livet. Mere end en million hjem blev skyllet væk, og 3,5 millioner hektar landbrugsjord og afgrøder blev ødelagt af vandmasserne. Den i forvejen hårdtprøvede, pakistanske regering og i ikke mindre grad hårdtprøvede befolkning, der dagligt kæmper mod fattigdom, regionale borgerkrigslignende tilstande, terror og trusler fra Taliban og Al-Qaeda, befandt sig nu også midt i en naturkatastrofe af uoverskuelige dimensioner.
Napredak u tehnici i prirodnim znanostima usmjeren smanjenju rizika od nepogoda pruža znanja o mehanizmima prirodnih opasnosti, uključujući procese koji ih pretvaraju u katastrofe. Takva znanstvena ...saznanja nude rješenja za izbjegavanje ranjivosti infrastrukture i društva. Područje Republike Hrvatske nalazi se na tektonski vrlo aktivnom području, čiju aktivnost dokazuju mnogi potresi zabilježeni kroz povijest. Depresivnost, posttraumatski stresni poremećaj, anksioznost i razni strahovi, najčešće su posljedice koje potres ostavlja na djeci i mladima. Rezilijentnost je sposobnost pojedinca da primjereno odgovori na stres koja se uči, vježba i razvija, pri čemu važnu ulogu imaju škola i edukacija. Djeca moraju znati da su potresi prirodne pojave i da se pojavljuju iznenada, ali isto tako moraju znati kako se ponašati ako do njih dođe, obzirom da živimo na seizmički aktivnom području. Stoga treba od najranije dobi djecu educirati i pripremati na mogućnost pojave potresa ali i drugih prirodnih katastrofa.
Latin America and the Caribbean are increasingly experiencing the effects of climate change. Over the past two decades, the countries in the region have experienced as many as 1 350 natural disasters ...attributable to the climate, affecting more than 170 million people.We analysed climate risks in Latin America and the Caribbean, expanding the analysis to understand what these risks imply for the financial sector, particularly for banks. We conclude that the aggregate physical climate risk of the banking sector is the highest in the Caribbean while for transition risk the picture is more homogenous. Finally, we note that capital flows for climate projects in the Latin America and the Caribbean region have been lagging other regions in the world. Against the backdrop of considerable financing needs, the international financial community and public development banks have an important role to play to support both public and private green investments providing long-term, patient funding at affordable rates and sharing part of the risks.
While lack of control is one plausible explanation for conspiracy beliefs, the experimental evidence is mixed. We present two naturalistic studies that offer some limited support for the control ...hypothesis. In the first, Macedonians living in (North) Macedonia (N = 116) completed a conspiracy ideation scale immediately after a national referendum on the country’s name change from “Macedonia” to “North Macedonia,” and one year after. The opposition, whose control was lowered after the name change, increased their conspiracy beliefs, but supporters did not. Study 2, conducted with Americans (N = 266) in the wake of a series of devastating tornadoes, replicated and expanded the first study: the effects were evident only for the threatening event-related conspiracy beliefs. These studies suggest a possible link between lack of control and conspiracy beliefs in the real world.
Treba čuti, vidjeti i dotaknuti Kirin, Renata Jambrešić
Etnološka tribina,
12/2022, Volume:
52, Issue:
45
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
Rad tematizira društvene, spoznajne i afektivne posljedice razornog potresa koji je pogodio područje Banije 29. prosinca 2020. godine. Prirodna nepogoda se ne razumijeva samo kao katastrofa nego i ...kao svojevrsna katarza koja je otkrila slojeve političkog zanemarivanja, teške prošlosti i duboke povezanosti čovjeka s prirodom. Autorica interpretira (posredovane i etnografski zabilježene) osobne naracije o prirodnoj nepogodi, ruinizaciji i regeneraciji, solidarnosti i međusobnom razumijevanju kao temelj za oblikovanje novih afektivnih zajednica i pokretanje procesa kojima se razgrađuju nacionalne (i nacionalističke) naracije i postiže osnaživanje zajednice. Metodološki okvir rada obuhvaća participativnu etnografiju, teorije usmenog pripovijedanja (Bausinger 2018 1958; Borland 2021; Bošković-Stulli 1984; Ranke 2018 1967; Rudan 2020, Shuman 2005), osjetilnu etnografiju (Bendix 2000, 2005) i ekološku spoznaju “duboke međuovisnosti čovjeka i svih stvari koje ga okružuju” (da Silva i Neuman 2018). Autorica zaključuje da seljani, kohabitirajući s prirodom, ali i oviseći o njoj, na jedinstvenom iskustvu nepogode grade smisao tako što uspoređuju ovu katastrofu s drugim primjerima ljudske patnje i oblikuju je u narativni obrazac koji “od alegorijskog čini osobno, od lokalnog kozmičko” iskustvo (Shuman 2005).
This paper deals with the social, cognitive, and affective consequences caused by the devastating earthquake that hit the Banija region on December 29, 2020. The natural disaster is understood not only as a catastrophe but as a kind of catharsis that has exposed layers of political negligence, difficult pasts, and deep connections to the environment. The author interprets (mediatized and face-to-face) personal narratives of natural disaster, ruination and regeneration, solidarity, and mutual understanding as the basis of making new affective communities and triggering processes that resolve national (and nationalistic) narratives and contribute to community empowerment. The paper’s methodological framework embraces participatory ethnography, the theory of folk narratives (Bausinger 2018 1958; Borland 2021; Bošković-Stulli 1984; Ranke 2018 1967; Rudan 2020, Shuman 2005), the ethnography of the senses (Bendix 2000, 2005), and the “deep implicancy” knowledge of reflecting what makes the “human inseparable from all matter” (da Silva and Neuman 2018). The author concludes that villagers co–habiting with nature (but also depending on it) make sense of their unique experiences of disaster, comparing it with other humans’ suffering and organizing a narrative frame that “makes the allegorical personal, the cosmological local” (Shuman 2005).
"Hvordan så mit hus ud, da jeg vendte tilbage? Det var ødelagt. Der var ingenting, kun aske efter nedbrændingen. l huset var kun fuglene og mig. Der var virkelig ...ingenting. lntet andet. Alt var aske, alt var nedbrændt. Intet, intet, intet. Da jeg kom tilbage, sad jeg her, jeg sagde til mig selv: "Hvad nu?". Jeg vidste ingenting; hvor jeg skulle gå hen, hvad jeg skulle gøre. Jeg ventede. Tårerne kom af sig selv. Jeg flygtede herfra dengang, det var mit hjem, mit alting. Her!" Valentina, 24 år.
U radu se analizira humorni diskurs internetskih mema što su nastali kao reakcija na pandemiju koronavirusa. Memi se proučavaju u sklopu digitalnoga folklora kao virtualni surogati vica katastrofe s ...čijim žanrom imaju mnogo sličnosti. Pojavili su se odmah nakon što se pojavio i virus, tematiziraju pandemiju i novonastale životne situacije uvjetovane njome te na njih velik utjecaj imaju i medijska izvještavanja o virusu i njegovu širenju. Cilj je rada analizirati humorni diskurs internetskih mema koji je podijeljen u četiri tematsko-motivske skupine motivirane načinom pristupa temi virusa i pandemije, a zatim i pokušati uočiti kako se u njima postiže humorni učinak u usporedbi s vicem katastrofe. Istraživanje je usmjereno na internetske meme objavljene na dva instagramska profila: eroGAG i Gospodar Pršljenova. Memi su objavljeni u vrijeme početka pandemije u Europi, tj. u ožujku i travnju 2020. godine.
The article discusses the issue of the humorous discourse of Internet memes that emerged in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Memes are studied within digital folklore as virtual surrogates of disaster jokes, the genre with which they have many similarities. They appeared immediately after the virus began spreading, thematizing the pandemic and new life situations caused by it, and are greatly influenced by media reports about the virus and its spreading. This article aims to analyze the humorous discourse of Internet memes, which is divided into four groups motivated by the way they approach the topic of the virus and the pandemic, and consequently they achieve a humorous effect compared to disaster jokes. The research is focused on internet memes posted on two Instagram profiles: eroGAG and Gospodar Pršljenova. The memes were posted at the beginning of the pandemic in Europe, in March and April 2020.
The oeuvre of Varoujan is constructed around the experience of the foreign, which is immediately understood to be pictorial in nature. Images fascinate Varoujan, within the framework of the question ...of the relationship between painting and poetry, inherited from the Renaissance. What place does pictorial art assume in his poetic oeuvre ? Which meaning does it have ? Do the fascination for the image and Varoujan’s pictorial thought survive the catastrophic event, the massacres of 1909 in Adana, taking place when Varoujan is writing and threatening to undo his oeuvre ? What is the impact of images on Varoujan’s poetic writing ? These are the questions that this article seeks to answer.
L’oeuvre de Varoujan se constitue autour d’une expérience de l’étranger placée d’emblée sous le signe du pictural. C’est l’image qui le fascine, dans le cadre apparent d’une problématique, héritée de la Renaissance, des rapports de la peinture et de la poésie. Quelle place occupe l’art pictural dans l’oeuvre du poète ? Quel sens revêt-il réellement ? La fascination de l’image et de la pensée imageante qu’on trouve dans cette oeuvre résiste-t-elle à l’événement catastrophique, dont l’oeuvre de Varoujan est l’exact contemporain (les massacres de 1909 à Adana) et qui ne peut que la défaire ? Quel est son impact sur l’écriture poétique ? Ce sont ces questions qui guident cet essai.
Het poëtische oeuvre van Daniel Varoujan berust op de ervaring van het buitenland en het vreemde, die de dichter uitdrukt in beelden. Beelden fascineren Varoujan en hij is een erfgenaam van de klassieke vraag naar de relatie tussen schilderen en dichten, voor het eerst opgeworpen in de renaissance. Welke rol spelen beeldende kunsten in zijn gedichten ? Welke betekenis krijgen ze ? Kan zijn fascinatie voor beelden en zijn denken in beelden de catastrofale gebeurtenissen van 1909 (de slachtpartijen in Adana, 1909) overleven of bedreigen ze het wezen van zijn poëzie ? Welke impact hebben beelden op de gedichten van Varoujan ? Dit zijn de vragen die dit artikel wenst te beantwoorden.
Beledian Krikor. « J’ai vu l’Europe ». Daniel Varoujan : le temps de la destruction des images. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 97, fasc. 3, 2019. Langues et littératures modernes - Moderne taal-en letterkunde. pp. 887-918.
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